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GREEN BUILDING:
CONSTRUCTION
METHOD
BY: JEREMY CRESECIO ARC41
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The Benefits of Going GreenIntegrating Green Methods into your projects offers
many benefits
Higher Quality, Lower Maintenance, Good for the Environment
Green building products are stronger, last longer, use
resources more efficiently, or are manufactured in an environmentally
sound manner. At prices that are comparable to conventional options,
going green is easy.
Greater Comfort and Lower Utility Bills
Comfort drives high energy use. It provide continuous
comfort while reducing utility bills.
Healthier Products and Practices for Families
The air inside homes is one of the most significant threats toour family's health.
Healthy Communities
Living green extends beyond the boundary of the individual
home to the entire community. It protect the environment, support the
local economy.
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Construction Methods:
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i.Green Roof
Plants have been used on roofs forthousands of years, from sod roofs in Europe to the
hanging gardens of Babylon. But in the last 50 years
this practice has evolved into what are now called
green roofs, living roofs or eco-roofs. Green roofs
are those that have been planted with specific
vegetation using a well-researched sustainable
design methodology. They are an exciting newdevelopment in the sustainable building movement,
and are gaining in popularity across the world.
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Types of Green Roof
Two basic types:
Intensive Living RoofsThese incorporate plants from between 1 to 15 feet
high, including shrubs and trees. They require deep levels of soil
to support them and a weight-loading roof. They support a high
level of plant and wildlife diversity, but require ongoing
maintenance and extensive irrigation. They are not suitable for
most domestic buildings.
Extensive Living Roofs
These incorporate low-lying plants from 2 to 6 inches
high. They require only a few inches of soil to support them,
and only need a low weight-loading roof. They are lowmaintenance and can be used for any kind of roof, including
sheds, garages, houses, balconies, extensions and outhouses,
and also commercial buildings.
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Benefits of Green Roofs
There are a number of social, economic and
environmental benefits to green roofs, including:
Increasing home energy efficiency - cooling in summer,
insulation in winter
Filtering and cleaning toxins from both air and water
Reducing carbon dioxide emissions
Retaining rainwater before it evaporates, reducing the
likelihood of flooding
Reducing urban temperatures and associated smog
Insulating against sound and noise
Preserving and enhancing biodiversity
Providing aesthetic appeal and 'green space'
recreational opportunities
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II. Environmental
Friendly, Non
Toxic Paint
All paints contain three main components:pigment (colour), a binder (holds the paint together)
and a carrier (disperses the binder).
VOCs are organic (carbon based) chemical
compounds that evaporate easily in the atmosphere,and are known to be a major contributor to global
climate change. Many of them are highly toxic and
linked with numerous health problems such as
respiratory disease, asthma, dizziness, headaches,
nausea, fatigue, skin disorders, eye irritation, liver and
kidney damage and even cancer. Modern chemical
paints continue to emit VOCs many years after their
application.
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Eco Labels for Paints
Non-toxic paints are often called Low-VOC,
No-VOC, VOC-Free, odourless, odour-free and green,
natural or organic paints. There are no set standards
for defining these labels, and they are widely
misused for marketing purposes. To help consumers
make informed decisions on their paint purchases,
various ecological labels have been developed by
different countries to indicate that the paint has
fulfilled certain environmental requirements, in
accordance with respective government regulations.
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Natural Paints
Natural paints are the only true non-toxic paint
since they contain no VOCs, and are made from natural
ingredients such as water, vegetable oils, plant dyes, and
natural minerals.
The main binders used in natural paints are:
linseed oil (from flax seeds), clay, lime, and milk protein.
Lime and milk paints give an authentic period look, and
are often used in antique restoration projects.
Chalk is used as an extender to thicken paint;
turpentine (distilled from pine trees) is used as a solvent;
essential oils from citrus fruits (d-limonene) are used as a
solvent and fragrance; and natural mineral and earth
pigments are used as colorants.
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The main benefits of
natural paints are:
Non-toxic - no hazardous fumes or harmful effects on
health. This is significant for allergy sufferers and
chemically sensitive people who are unable to tolerate
chemical paints.
Environmentally Friendly - use renewable resources; are
biodegradable, can even be composted.
Micro-Porous - allow walls and surfaces to breathe,
preventing condensation and damp problems, and
reducing associated indoor allergens. They are also lessprone to paint flaking, peeling and blistering.
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III. Insulation
Materials
Insulation is a key component of
sustainable building design. A well insulatedhome reduces energy bills by keeping warm
in the winter and cool in the summer, and
this in turn cuts down carbon emissions
linked to global climate change.
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1. Conventional Insulation
Conventional insulation materials are
made from petrochemicals and include: fibreglass,
mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane foam,
and multi-foils. These materials are widely used
because not only are they inexpensive to buy and
install, but there is an assumption from the
building industry that their performance ability is
higher than the natural alternatives.
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2. Natural Insulation Materials
Different types of Natural Insulation Materials:
1. Sheep's WoolIt has very low embodied energy (unless it is imported)
and performs exceptionally well as an insulation material.
Thermafleece is the most common commercial brand available.
2. Flax and Hemp
Natural plant fibres that are available in batts and rolls,and typically contain borates that act as a fungicide, insecticide and
fire retardant. Examples include Isonat and Flax 100.
3. Cellulose
It is one of the most favoured materials of natural
builders because it can be blown into cavity walls, floors and roofs;used as a loose fill; and is also available in quilts, boards and batts.
Products include: Warmcell and Ecocel.
.
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4. Wood Fibre
Made from wood chips that have beencompressed into boards or batts using water or natural
resins as a binder. It has very low embodied energy
and uses by-products from the forestry industry.
Examples include: Pavatex, Thermowall and
Homatherm.
5. Expanded Clay Aggregate
These are small fired clay pellets that expand
at very high temperatures to become lightweight,
porous and weight-bearing. They can be used in
foundations as both an insulator and aggregate. Theyhave excellent thermal insulation properties, but high
embodied energy
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IV. Natural Materials
and Biomass Roofing
Different Types of Biomass Roofing
1. Thatch
Thatch is one of the oldest forms of roofing, dating
back thousands of years.
All sorts of plants have been used for thatching in Britain:
oats, reeds, broom, heather, bracken and various grasses.But today only three main thatching materials are used:
water reed, wheat reed and long straw.
2. Wood Tiles: Shingles and Shakes
They are traditionally made by hand-splitting logsinto small wedge shaped pieces, but today most are
manufactured by machine. There are two basic types:
shingles, which are sawn, and shakes, which are split.
Shakes are thicker and have a more rustic, rough look,
whilst shingles are thinner and smoother
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V. Use of Environmental
Friendly Concrete
Concrete in its traditional form is made fromcement, mixed with a range of coarse aggregates such as
gravel, limestone or granite, and some finer particle
aggregates such as sand or fly ash.
Concrete is also claimed to be a huge source ofcarbon emissions into the atmosphere. Some claim that
concrete is responsible for up to 5% of the world's total
amount of carbon emissions, which contribute to
greenhouse gases. This is created in the heat that is needed
to create the raw cement - cement is burnt at hightemperatures, and materials such as limestone must be
burnt to create the high temperature.
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Novacem's new version of concrete, uses adifferent raw material, magnesium sulphate, which
requires much less heating. Novacem claim that each
tonne of cement can absorb up to 0.6 tonnes of CO2.
This is opposed to figures that claim that each tonne
of old style cement emits about 0.4 tonnes of CO2.
Novacem
VI Pollution
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VI. Pollution
From
Construction
The construction industry is a major source of pollution,
responsible for around 4% of particulate emissions, more
water pollution incidents than any other industry, and
thousands of noise complaints every year. Although
construction activities also pollute the soil, the main
areas of concern are: air, water and noise pollution.
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Air Pollution
Construction activities that contribute to air pollution
include: land clearing, operation of diesel engines, demolition,
burning, and working with toxic materials.
Water Pollution
Sources of water pollution on building sites include:
diesel and oil; paint, solvents, cleaners and other harmful
chemicals; and construction debris and dirt.
Noise Pollution
Construction sites produce a lot of noise, mainly from
vehicles, heavy equipment and machinery, but also from people
shouting and radios turned up too loud.
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Measures to Prevent Pollution
1. Minimize land disturbance and leave maximum vegetation
cover.
2. Control dust through fine water sprays used to dampen down
the site.
3. Screen the whole site to stop dust spreading, or alternatively,
place fine mesh screening close to the dust source.
4. Cover skips and trucks loaded with construction materials and
continually damp down with low levels of water.
5. Cover piles of building materials like cement, sand and other
powders, regularly inspect for spillages, and locate them wherethey will not be washed into waterways or drainage areas.
6. Use non-toxic paints, solvents and other hazardous materials
wherever possible
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7. Segregate, tightly cover and monitor toxic substances to
prevent spills and possible site contamination.
8. Cover up and protect all drains on site .
9. Collect any wastewater generated from site activities in
settlement tanks, screen, discharge the clean water, and dispose
of remaining sludge according to environmental regulations.
10. Use low sulphur diesel oil in all vehicle and equipment
engines, and incorporate the latest specifications of particulate
filters and catalytic converters.
11. No burning of materials on site.
12. Reduce noise pollution through careful handling of materials;
modern, quiet power tools, equipment and generators; low
impact technologies; and wall structures as sound shields.
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VII. Reclaimed
Materials
Reclaimed materials are those that have beenpreviously used in a building or project, and which are
then re-used in another project. The materials might
be altered, re-sized, refinished, or adapted, but they
are not reprocessed in any way, and remain in their
original form. Materials that have been reprocessedand reused in the building industry are referred to as
recycled materials.
Examples of materials that can be reclaimed
include: bricks, slate roofing, ceramic tiles, fireplaces,
doors, window frames, glass panels, metal fixtures and
fittings, stairs, cobbled stones, steel sections and
timber.
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VIII. Using Lime in
Building Techniques
Lime has been used in building techniques
for over 5,000 years. Archaeological evidence shows
it to have been in existence for this time frame due
to its resilience, durability, and water resistant
qualities.
Lime is in its original state, calcium carbonate. It is
anti-bacterial, resistant to ultra-violet light, and will allow
moisture to release from surfaces from the inside out,
rather than trapping moisture, as some other modern
coatings can do. It allows the moisture in, but unlike other
compounds, allows it out again.
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The Application of Lime in Building
The forms that lime can be used in are as follows:
1. Lime putty
2. Lime mortar: this is lime putty mixed with sand. This can
be used to bed in masonry, and is also used in pointing or
rendering brickwork, and for general plastering use.
3. Lime wash: this is lime putty diluted in water. This is used
to paint internal and external walls. A pigment can be added
to create a colour wash.
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IX. Using Locally
Sustainable
Materials
Sustainable building is an essential
aspect of widening efforts to conceive an
ecologically responsible world. A building that
is sustainable must, by nature, be constructed
using locally sustainable materials: i.e.
materials that can be used without any
adverse effect on the environment, and
which are produced locally, reducing the need
to travel.