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Cranial Nerves
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Cranial Nerves-12 Pairs
I Olfactory II Optic III Oculomotor IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens VII Facial VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Spinal Accessory XII Hypoglossal
2
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Classification of cranialnerves
Sensory cranial nerves : contain only afferent (sensory) fibers Olfactory nerve Optic nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve
Motor cranial nerves : contain only efferent (motor) fibers Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Abducent nerve Accessory nerv Hypoglossal nerve
Mixed nerves : contain both sensory and motor fibers---
Trigeminal nerve, Facial nerve, Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagus nerve
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Inferiorsurface of
the brain asit appearson grossdissection.
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Nerves in nasal cavity synapse within olfactorybulbs.
The Olfactory nerve (I) for sense of smell.
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The Optic nerve (II) - carries visualinformation.
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The Oculomotor nerve (III) - Controls 4 ofthe 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye.
The Trochlear nerve (IV)
Innervates superior oblique eye muscle.
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Oculomotor Nerve III
Somatic and Autonomic motor function
Eye movement (Superior, inferior, medial rectus muscles and inferioroblique muscle), opening of eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris),constriction of pupil (circular muscle), focusing (ciliary muscle andaccomodation)
Damage causes drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, difficultyfocusing and inability to move eye in certain directions
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Trochlear Nerve IV
Eye movement (superior oblique muscle) Damage causes double vision and inability
to rotate eye inferolaterally
h l
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Largest of all the
cranial nerves
1) Ophthalmic branchs kin, lacrimal gland
The Trigeminal nerve(V)
2) Maxillary branchlower eyelid, upper
jaw
3) Mandibular branch
tongue, lower teeth
Has 3 Branches
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The Facial nerve (VII)Controls muscles of scalp and facial expression.Muscles of mastication and speech.
The Abducens nerve (VI)
Innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye (abduction!)
Pressure sensations from face.Taste sensations from anterior 2/3 oftongue.
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The Facial nerve (VII)
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The Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Monitors sense of balance, position and
movement and also monitors hearing.
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The Glossopharyngeal nerve(IX)
Controls swallowing
Taste sensationfrom posterior1/3 tongue.
Detects O 2 and CO 2 content of bloodin carotid artery.
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Vital to autonomic control of visceralfunction
The Vagus nerve (X)
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The Accessory nerve (XI) Internal branch
Innervates swallowing muscles. External branch
Controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
The Hypoglossal nerve (XII)Voluntary food mixing, swallowing and speech.
Control of tongue movements.
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The Accessory nerve (XI) and Hypoglossal nerve(XII)
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Olfactory Nerve (II)
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Fig
18.6
FYI
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Optic Nerve (II)
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Oculomotor Nerve (III)
Trochlear Nerve (IV)
Abducens Nerve (VI)
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Trigeminal Nerve (V)
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Facial Nerve (VII)
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
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Vagus Nerve (X)
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Accessory Nerve (XI)
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
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Fig
18.17
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