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SUPLEDAL
MENTASILAM PAKA
gun
I L-KARNIAN TERHA
PERA
Untukmemnamempero
diUniv
Prog
FAKU
UNIVERS
i
ITIN DANADAP KINNAKAN E
Skrip
menuhisebaolehderajatiFakultasPeversitasSeb
ram StudiP
Oleh
Satriya Wi
H05110
ULTAS PE
SITAS SEB
SURAKA
2016
MINYAKNERJA PROETAWA (PE
si
agianpersyatSarjanaPeertanian
belasMaret
Peternakan
:
idagdo
062
ERTANIAN
BELAS MA
ARTA
6
K IKAN TEODUKSI KE)
aratan eternakan
n
N
ARET
RPROTEKKAMBING
KSI G
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KATA PENGANTAR
Pujisyukurpenuliskepada Allah SWT yang
telahmemberikanberkahdanrahmat-Nya
sehinggapenulisdapatmenyelesaikanpenyusunanskripsi yang
berjudulSuplementasiL-
karnitindanMinyakIkanTerproteksiDalamPakanTerhadapKinerjaProduksi
Kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE).Selama proses penulisanskripsiini,
penulistelahmendapatbimbingan, dukungan, bantuandandoadariberbagaipihak.
Olehkarenaitu, padakesempataninipenulisinginmengucapkanterimakasihkepada:
1. DekanFakultasPertanianUniversitasSebelasMaret Surakarta.
2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS selakuPembimbingUtamaSkripsi yang
telahmeluangkanwaktu,
tenagadanpikiranuntukmemberikanbimbingansebelummaupunsesudahpeneliti
ansampaiakhirnyaterbentukskripsiini.
3. AyuIntan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc. selakuPembimbingPendampingSkripsi yang
telahmeluangkanwaktu,
tenagadanpikiranuntukmemberikanbimbingandenganpenuhkesabarandariawal
sampaiakhirnyaterbentukskripsiini.
4. WaraPratitisSabar S., S.Pt., M.P. selakuPengujiSkripsi yang
telahmemberikanevaluasidan saran dalampenyusunanskripsiini.
5. Skripsiini, penulispersembahkankepadakeluargapenulis, atas segaladukungan,
kasihsayang, semangat, pengorbanan dan doanya.
6. Seluruh teman-teman tim penelitian dan teman-teman Program Studi
Peternakan angkatan 2011.
7. Semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu kelancaran penyusunan skripsi ini
dan memberi dukungan, doa serta semangat bagi penulis untuk terus
berjuang.
Surakarta, Oktober 2016
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Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. vii
RINGKASAN ................................................................................................. viii
SUMMARY .................................................................................................... x
I. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
A. LatarBelakang ...................................................................................... 1
B. RumusanMasalah ................................................................................. 2
C. TujuanPenelitian ................................................................................... 4
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................... 5
A. Kambing PE ......................................................................................... 5
B. PakanKambing ..................................................................................... 6
C. KonsumsiPakan .................................................................................... 8
D. ProduksiSusu ........................................................................................ 9
E. Feed Efisiensi ....................................................................................... 11
F. Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ........................................................... 12
HIPOTESIS .................................................................................................... 13
III. MATERI DAN METODE ...................................................................... 14
A. WaktudanTempatPenelitian. ................................................................ 14
B. MateriPenelitian ................................................................................... 14
C. PersiapanPenelitian .............................................................................. 16
D. CaraPenelitian. ..................................................................................... 17
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E. Analisis Data ....................................................................................... 19
IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................... 20
A. KonsumsiPakan .................................................................................... 20
B. ProduksiSusu ........................................................................................ 21
C. Feed Efisiensi ....................................................................................... 22
D. Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ........................................................... 23
V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 25
A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 25
B. Saran ..................................................................................................... 25
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 26
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... . 30
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DAFTAR TABEL
No. JudulHalaman
1. Kandungannutriendalampakan yang digunakanpadapenelitian .................. 14
2. Komposisipenggunaanbahanpakan yang digunakanpadapenelitian ........... 15
3. Kandungannutrienpakandalampenelitian (100%) ....................................... 15
4. Rata-rata konsumsipakan, produksisusu, feed efisiensi, danIOFC . ........... 20
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No. Judul Halaman
1. Data danAnalisisRagamKonsumsiPakan .................................................... 30
2. Data danAnalisisRagamProduksiSusu ........................................................ 32
3. Data danAnalisisRagamFeed Efisiensi ....................................................... 36
4. Data PerhitunganIncome Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ...................................... 40
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SUPLEMENTASI L-KARNITIN DAN MINYAK IKAN TERPROTEKSI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PRODUKSI KAMBING
PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE)
Satriya Widagdo
H 0511062
RINGKASAN
Peternakanrakyatbiasanyamemberikanpakanberuparambanandankonsentratu
ntukternaknya, tetapipenggunaankonsentratdalampakandirasamasihkurangefisien.
Salah satucarauntukmeningkatkankinerjaproduksikambing PE
yaitudenganpemberianfeed additive. Penggunaanl-karnitin, minyakikanlemuru,
danminyakikan tuna, sebagaifeed
additivemerupakansalahsatuusahameningkatkanproduktivitasternak. l-
karnitinakanmembantu transfer
asamlemakrantaipanjanguntukmelintasimembrandalammitokondriamenujukematri
ksmitokondria. Minyakikan yang
mengandungasamlemaktakjenuhtidakdisukaiolehternakkarenabaunya yang amis,
sehinggaakanberpengaruhpadakonsumsipakan,
selainituakanmengalamihidrogenasidalam rumen
menjadiasamlemakjenuhsehinggaperludilakukanproteksiasamlemaktakjenuhdenga
nmetodepenyabunan. Suplementasiminyakikandalampakantidakbolehlebihdari 6-
7% daribahankeringpakan, karenaakanmempengaruhifermentasimikroorganisme
rumen.
Penelitiandilaksanakanpadatanggal 16 Juni- 13 September 2015 di
DesaGledeg, KecamatanKaranganom,
KabupatenKlaten.Analisisbahanpakanmenggunakanmetodeanalisisproksimat yang
dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumNutrisidanMakananTernak, Program
StudiPeternakan, FakultasPertanian, UniversitasSebelasMaret, Surakarta.
PenelitianinimenggunakandesainRancanganAcakKelompok (RAK) yang
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dilakukandalam 3 tahappenelitian.Materi yang digunakanyaitukambing PE
periodelaktasidenganrataanbobotbadanantara 20kg – 31kg sebanyak 12
ekor.Pakan yang diberikanadalahrambanan, konsentrat, danFeed Additive (l-
karnitin, minyakikanlemuru, danminyakikan tuna).Pakanperlakuanterdiridari P0 =
rambanan 60% + konsentrat 40%, P1 = P0 + l-karnitin 0,05% dalampakan, P2 = P1
+ minyakikanlemuruterproteksi 5% dalampakan, P3 = P1 + minyakikan tuna
terproteksi 5% dalampakan. Peubah yang diamatiadalahkonsumsipakan,
produksisusu, feed efisiensi,dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).
Hasilanalisisvariansimenunjukkanbahwasuplementasil-
karnitindanminyakikanterproteksidalampakankambing PE berpengaruhtidaknyata
(P>0,05) terhadapkonsumsipakan, berpengaruhsangatnyata (P<0,01)
terhadapproduksisusu, feed efisiensi,
danterjadipeningkatanpendapatanpadapenghitungannilaiIOFC. Rata-rata
hasilpenelitianperlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3untukkonsumsipakansebesar1085.24;
1070.40; 1055.50; dan 1055.80 (gram/ekor/hari); produksisususebesar 820.67;
985; 1003.06; dan 1009.60 (gram/ekor/hari); nilaifeed efisiensisebesar0.76; 0.92;
0.95; dan 0.96; sertaIOFC sebesarRp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17;
danRp 20.459,58. Simpulandaripenelitianiniadalahsuplementasil-karnitin 500
ppm danminyakikanterproteksisebanyak 5%
dalampakandapatmeningkatkanproduksisusu, nilaifeed efisiensidanIOFC
namunbelummampumenurunkankonsumsipakan.
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L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND FISH OIL IN FEED ARE
PROTECTED AGAINST THE WORK OF ETAWA CROSSBREED
GOATS (PE) PRODUCTION
Satriya Widagdo
H 0511062
.
SUMMARY
The livestock of populace give feed kind of leaves and concentrate for their
livestock, but the use of concentrate in feed is still not efficient. One of the ways
to improve performance of PE goat production is by giving feed additive. The use
of l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil, as a feed additive is one effort to
improve livestock productivity. l-carnitine will help transfer to fatty acids long
chain across the mitochondrial inner membrane leading to the mitochondrial
matrix. Fish oil containing unsaturated fatty acids are not preferred by livestock
because it smells fishy, so it will make affect in feed intake, otherwise it will make
hydrogenation in the rumen becomes saturated fatty acids so it is necessary to
protect the unsaturated fatty acids by saponification method. Fish oil
supplementation in feed should not be more than 6-7% of the dry material of feed,
because it will affect rumen microorganisms fermentation.
The research was conducted on 16 June to 13 September 2015 Gledeg
Village, Karanganom sub district, Klaten regency. Analysis of feed materials
using proximate analysis method conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and
Feed Livestock, Livestock Studies Program, Faculty of Agriculture, SebelasMaret
University, Surakarta. In this research using the design of The design of this study
was Random Design Category that carried out in 3 stages of the research. The
material used is goat PE lactation period with the average weight between 20kg -
31kg as many as 12 heads. The woof given is leaves, concentrate, and Feed
Additive (l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil). The feed treatment
consists of P0 = the leaves 60% + concentrate 40%, P1 = P0+ l-carnitine 0.05% in
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woof, P2 = P1+ lemuru fish oil protected 5% in feed, P3 = P1 + tuna fish oil
protected 5 % in feed. The parameters measured were the feed intake, milk
production, feed efficiency, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).
The results of analysis of variance showed that supplementation with L-
carnitine and fish oil protected in goat PE’s feed is not significant effect (P> 0.05)
on feed intake, was highly significant (P <0.01) on milk production, feed
efficiency, and increasing revenue in calculating the value of IOFC. The average
results of the study treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3 for feed consumption a number of
1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; and 1055.80 (g / head / day); milk production a
number of 820.67; 985; 1003.06; and 1009.60 (g / head / day); the value of feed
efficiency by 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; and 0.96; and IOFC Rp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67;
Rp 20.234,17; and Rp 20.459,58. The conclusions of this study is the l-carntine
supplementation 500 ppm and fish oil protected as much as 5% in the feed can
increase milk production, feed efficiency and IOFC value but it has not been able
to lower feed consumption.
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Keterangan (1) MahasiswaJurusanPeternakanFakultasPertanianUniversitasSebelasMaret Surakarta,
dengan NIM H 0511062 (2) DosenPembimbingUtama (3) DosenPembimbingPendamping
L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND FISH OIL IN
FEEDARE PROTECTED AGAINST THE WORK OF ETAWA CROSSBREED GOATS (PE)
PRODUCTION
SatriyaWidagdo(1) Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS.(2)
AyuIntan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc(3)
ABSTRACT
The livestock of populace give feed kind of leaves and concentrate for their livestock, but the use of concentrate in feed is still not efficient. One of the ways to improve performance of PE goat production is by giving feed additive. The use of l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil, as a feed additive is one effort to improve livestock productivity. l-carnitine will help transfer to fatty acids long chain across the mitochondrial inner membrane leading to the mitochondrial matrix. Fish oil containing unsaturated fatty acids are not preferred by livestock because it smells fishy, so it will make affect in feed intake, otherwise it will make hydrogenation in the rumen becomes saturated fatty acids so it is necessary to protect the unsaturated fatty acids by saponification method. Fish oil supplementation in feed should not be more than 6-7% of the dry material of feed, because it will affect rumen microorganisms fermentation.
The research was conducted on 16 June to 13 September 2015 Gledeg Village, Karanganom sub district, Klaten regency. Analysis of feed materials using proximate analysis method conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Livestock, Livestock Studies Program, Faculty of Agriculture, SebelasMaret University, Surakarta. In this research using the design of The design of this study was Random Design Category that carried out in 3 stages of the research. The material used is goat PE lactation period with the average weight between 20kg - 31kg as many as 12 heads. The woof given is leaves, concentrate, and Feed Additive (l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil). The feed treatment consists of P0 = the leaves 60% + concentrate 40%, P1 = P0+ l-carnitine 0.05% in woof, P2 = P1+ lemuru fish oil protected 5% in feed, P3 = P1 + tuna fish oil protected 5 % in feed. The parameters measured were the feed intake, milk production, feed efficiency, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).
The results of analysis of variance showed that supplementation with L-carnitine and fish oil protected in goat PE’s feed is not significant effect (P> 0.05) on feed intake, was highly significant (P <0.01) on milk production, feed efficiency, and increasing revenue in calculating the value of IOFC. The average results of the study treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3 for feed consumption a number of 1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; and 1055.80 (g / head / day); milk production a number of 820.67; 985; 1003.06; and 1009.60 (g / head / day); the value of feed efficiency by 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; and 0.96; and IOFC Rp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17; and Rp 20.459,58.
The conclusions of this study is the l-carntine supplementation 500 ppm and fish oil protected as much as 5% in the feed can increase milk production, feed efficiency and IOFC value but it has not been able to lower feed consumption. Keywords :Goats PE, The Work of Production, L-carnitine, Fish Oil
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Keterangan (1) Mahasiswa Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta,
dengan NIM H 0511062 (2) Dosen Pembimbing Utama (3) Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping
SUPLEMENTASI L-KARNITIN DAN MINYAK IKAN
TERPROTEKSI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PRODUKSI KAMBING PERANAKAN
ETAWA (PE)
Satriya Widagdo(1) Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS.(2)
Ayu Intan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc (3)
ABSTRAK
Peternakan rakyat biasanya memberikan pakan berupa rambanan dan konsentrat untuk ternaknya, tetapi penggunaan konsentrat dalam pakan dirasa masih kurang efisien. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja produksi kambing PE yaitu dengan pemberian feed additive. Penggunaan l-karnitin, minyak ikan lemuru, dan minyak ikan tuna, sebagai feed additive merupakan salah satu usaha meningkatkan produktivitas ternak. l-karnitin akan membantu transfer asam lemak rantai panjang untuk melintasi membran dalam mitokondria menuju ke matriks mitokondria. Minyak ikan yang mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh tidak disukai oleh ternak karena baunya yang amis, sehingga akan berpengaruh pada konsumsi pakan, selain itu akan mengalami hidrogenasi dalam rumen menjadi asam lemak jenuh sehingga perlu dilakukan proteksi asam lemak tak jenuh dengan metode penyabunan. Suplementasi minyak ikan dalam pakan tidak boleh lebih dari 6-7% dari bahan kering pakan, karena akan mempengaruhi fermentasi mikroorganisme rumen.
Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 16 Juni - 13 September 2015 di Desa Gledeg, Kecamatan Karanganom, Kabupaten Klaten. Analisis bahan pakan menggunakan metode analisis proksimat yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang dilakukan dalam 3 tahap penelitian. Materi yang digunakan yaitu kambing PE periode laktasi dengan rataan bobot badan antara 20kg – 31kg sebanyak 12 ekor. Pakan yang diberikan adalah rambanan, konsentrat, dan Feed Additive (l-karnitin, minyak ikan lemuru, dan minyak ikan tuna). Pakan perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = rambanan 60% + konsentrat 40%, P1 = P0 + l-karnitin 0,05% dalam pakan, P2 = P1 + minyak ikan lemuru terproteksi 5%
dalam pakan, P3 = P1 + minyak ikan tuna terproteksi 5% dalam pakan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, produksi susu, feed efisiensi,dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).
Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi l-karnitin dan minyak ikan terproteksi dalam pakan kambing PE berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap produksi susu, feed efisiensi, dan terjadi peningkatan pendapatan pada penghitungan nilai IOFC. Rata-rata hasil penelitian perlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3 untuk konsumsi pakan sebesar 1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; dan 1055.80 (gram/ekor/hari); produksi susu sebesar 820.67; 985; 1003.06; dan 1009.60 (gram/ekor/hari); nilai feed efisiensi sebesar 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; dan 0.96; serta IOFC sebesarRp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17; dan Rp 20.459,58.
Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah suplementasi l-karnitin 500 ppm dan minyak ikan terproteksi sebanyak 5% dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan produksi susu, nilai feed efisiensi dan IOFC namun belum mampu menurunkan konsumsi pakan. Kata kunci:Kambing PE, kinerja produksi, l-karnitin, minyak ikan.