Does The EvidenceSupport Evolution?
“More than a century ago, Darwin and Huxley posited that humans share recent common ancestors with the African great apes. Modern molecular studies have spectacularly confirmed this prediction…”
2005
Evolution is TestableHuman & Ape Chromosome Numbers
Hypothesis: Human chromosome 2 resulted from the fusion of two chromosomes present in the common ancestor of humans and the other great apes.
19581958 H
uman chrom
osome num
ber is 46.
Hum
an chromosom
e number is 46.
19601960 C
himpanzee chrom
osome num
ber is 48.
Chim
panzee chromosom
e number is 48.
19611961 G
orilla and orangutan chromosom
e numbers are 48.
Gorilla and orangutan chrom
osome num
bers are 48.
19751975 D
etailed analysis confirms com
mon ancestry.
Detailed analysis confirm
s comm
on ancestry.
19801980 Banding patterns of hum
ans and chimpanzees m
atch.
Banding patterns of humans and chim
panzees match.
19821982 Telom
eres in the middle of hum
an chromosom
e 2.
Telomeres in the m
iddle of human chrom
osome 2.
centromere
telomeres
48Orangutan
48Gorilla
48Chimpanzee
46Human
1958:1958: Human chromosome number is 46. Human chromosome number is 46.1960:1960: Chimpanzee chromosome number is 48. Chimpanzee chromosome number is 48.1961:1961: Gorilla and orangutan chromosome numbers are 48. Gorilla and orangutan chromosome numbers are 48.1975:1975: Detailed analysis confirms common ancestry. Detailed analysis confirms common ancestry.1980:1980: Banding patterns of humans and chimpanzees match. Banding patterns of humans and chimpanzees match.1982: 1982: Telomeres in middle of human chromosome 2.Telomeres in middle of human chromosome 2.
Evolution is TestableHuman & Ape Chromosome Numbers
19581958 H
uman chrom
osome num
ber is 46.
Hum
an chromosom
e number is 46.
19601960 C
himpanzee chrom
osome num
ber is 48.
Chim
panzee chromosom
e number is 48.
19611961 G
orilla and orangutan chromosom
e numbers are 48.
Gorilla and orangutan chrom
osome num
bers are 48.
19751975 D
etailed analysis confirms com
mon ancestry.
Detailed analysis confirm
s comm
on ancestry.
19801980 Banding patterns of hum
ans and chimpanzees m
atch.
Banding patterns of humans and chim
panzees match.
19821982 Telom
eres in the middle of hum
an chromosom
e 2.
Telomeres in the m
iddle of human chrom
osome 2.
19911991 Sub-telom
eric sequence confirmed.
Sub-telomeric sequence confirm
ed.
20022002 Precise fusion point sequenced.
Precise fusion point sequenced.
20052005 C
himpanzee genom
e sequenced.
Chim
panzee genome sequenced.
19921992 Second centrom
ere discovered.
Second centromere discovered.
centromere
telomeres
19911991: Sub-telomeric sequence confirmed.: Sub-telomeric sequence confirmed.19921992: Second centromere discovered.: Second centromere discovered.20022002: Precise fusion point sequenced.: Precise fusion point sequenced.20052005: Chimpanzee genome sequenced.: Chimpanzee genome sequenced.
fusion
24 chromosomes: “ape” haploid number 23 chromosomes: “human” haploid number
Adult with 48 chromosomes
4748
46464646 46464646
46464646 46464646
46464646 46464646
46464646 46
46
46464646 46
46
46464646 46
464646464646
46464646 46
464646464646 46464646
4748
48 47 47 48
47 4747 4746 46
46 4646 4646 46
48 48