29 June 2016
Energy Efficiency and RES case studies at AREA Science Park
FABIO MOREA – Innovation Centre
Facts and Figures
AREA SCIENCE PARK: KEY FACTS 1/2
A leading science and technology park from 1978.
Public Research Body, under the control of MIUR
Hosts 88 R&D High-Tech Centres 80 private companies 8 public research bodies
Develops innovative start-ups through its incubator Innovation Factory
> 9 m€/year innovative projects on competitive funds
122 people employed
2.500 total staff (within 3 campuses)
3 campus - 94.000 sqm total surface area for R&D
activieties
AREA SCIENCE PARK: KEY FACTS 2/2
more than 500 attendees in training activities
4776 hours of training provided to external companies
88 patent searches carries out
86 work experiences, internships and research grants awarded
AN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM WITH 4 LINES OF ACTIVITY
Development and management of the Science and Technology Park.
National and international projects to promote innovation and high-tech research (exploitation of research and technology transfer). Advanced training and co-ordination of the regional publich research bodies.
Pre-incubation, incubation and acceleration for the creation and development of high-tech startup.
Development of services and public-private partnership to enable companies exploitation of the existing expertise and technology public facilities (Sychrotron and CBM).
AREA SCIENCE PARK SITES
BASOVIZZA CAMPUS TRIESTE
TECHNOAREA GORIZIA
PADRICIANO CAMPUS TRIESTE
Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups
Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups
–Industrial Energy Audits
Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups
–Industrial Energy Audits
–Supporting Public sector: capacity bilding, planning
– Tranining
– Coaching
– Study visits
– Pilot Actions
Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups
–Industrial Energy Audits
–Supporting Public sector: capacity bilding, planning
–Engaging Consumers
• www.fiesta-audit.com
Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups
–Industrial Energy Audits
–Supporting Public sector: capacity bilding, planning
–Engaging Consumers
–Pilot Plants: CHP, Solar Cooling, LED, PV, geothermal...
2
0
Pilot plants: solar cooling
• 2 pilot plants installed in 2015
2
1
Impianti Dimostrativi nel settore energetico: solar cooling
Impianti solar cooling
2
2
Impianti Dimostrativi nel settore energetico: solar cooling
Impianti solar cooling superficie di adsorbimento (zeoliti)
Supporting startups
AL VIA IFCHALLENGE ICT: IL NUOVO BANDO PER LA CREAZIONE E LO SVILUPPO DI STARTUP INNOVATIVE accelerare lo sviluppo di progetti imprenditoriali, favorendo la creazione/crescita di start up innovative; individuare le startup innovative in cui coadiuvare e sostenere lo sviluppo di impresa, anche da socio di una quota minoritaria, all’interno del “progetto TILT”
Defining “efficiency” in
physics, engineering, economics...
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Efficiency
‣Efficiency describes
the extent to which a resource
is well used for the intended purpose,
with a minimum amount of losses.
examples of resources:
raw material, energy, time, effort...
examples of losses: scrap, wasted heat,
unnecessary effort ...
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency
‣The term “Energy Efficiency” describes
the ratio between the benefits gained
and the energy used.
‣It is interpreted differently in various disciplines
‣physics
‣engineering
‣environmental policy...
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in physics
Stsyem
input
losses
output
input
output Efficiency =
‣Output is the “intended purposte”
against which efficiency is measured.
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in physics
Stsyem
energy input
losses
intended output or service
input
output Efficiency =
Efficiency is the ratio of
omogeneous variables
‣energy / energy
‣power / power
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in engineering
Stsyem
energy input
losses
intended output or service
input output
Efficiency =
‣ time dependent output
‣ variable loads
‣ scenarios
‣peak vs average
efficiencyRedefine efficiencly
as “Reduce Losses”
‣ subsystems
‣KPI key performance
indicators
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in engineering
‣subsystems are a
key concept to exploit
the potential of
energy efficiency
SUB-Stsyem
energy
input
losses
intended output or
service
SUB-Stsyem losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in engineering
‣subsystem may
include items such as
final user behaviour,
automatic control
strategies, different
energy conversion
stages, energy
storage....
control
distribution
conversion
input
losses
output
behaviour
losses
losses
losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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efficiency can be
defined for each
subsystem
a KPI can defined for
the whole system,
with any kind of
variable. Examples:
[kWh / kg raw material]
[kWh / bottle]
control
distribution
conversion
input
losses
output
behaviour
losses
losses
losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in engineering
system control (incl. MANUAL control)
may be critical
users may not behave
as “rational individuals
maximizing their
benefits”
e.g. rebound effect
e.g. advertising
control
distribution
conversion
input
losses
output
behaviour
losses
losses
losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Conservation
Stsyem
input
losses
output
Energy Conservation
(or Energy Saving)
refers to reducing the
energy consumption
regardless of the effects on
output
(just turn off the machine!)
cost
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Saving on energy bills
Stsyem
input
losses
output
Energy efficiency can help
reduce the cost of energy
bills
but
the cost of energy bills can
be reduced also by cutting
the unit price of fuel or
electricity
cost if the energy is free, efficiency
may not be a relevant issue -
e.g. natural ventilation
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency in envoronmental policy
Stsyem
input
losses
output
Energy efficiency can help
reduce CO2 emissions
but
CO2 emissions can be
reduced also by using
cleaner fuels and
renewable energy sources
fossil fuel
CO2
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy End-Use Efficiency
Energy
End-Use
control
conversion
conversion / distribution losses
output
behaviour
losses
losses
losses
final energy
primary energy
Energy
Supply
are there any business or job
opportunities ?
is it as simple as it seems?
Most of the existing
energy-intensive services
were constructed under
very limited - if any -
efficincy criteria.
They provide a huge,
largely untapped,
potential for
cost-effective energy
saving.
Owners are often not
aware of such potential,
while energy bills are
considered a
fixed cost.
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Technology & infrastructure
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Long term vision & policy
‣Energy efficiency is key in
all future energy scenarios
‣ over 50% of expected
impact is due to End-
Use energy efficeincy 41
IEA Clean Energy
Progress Report 2011
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy Efficiency & Climate
‣ The Covenant of Mayors
an European movement
involving local authorities,
committing to increasing
energy efficiency and use
of renewable energy
sources on their
territories,to meet and
exceed the European
Union 20% CO2 reduction
objective by 2020.
‣ A Sustainable Energy
Action Plan (SEAP) is the
key document in which the
Covenant signatory
outlines how it intends to
reach its CO2 reduction
target by 2020. It defines
the activities and measures
set up to achieve the
targets, together with time
frames and assigned
responsibilities.
‣Energy Efficiency is a key strategy to
reduce CO2 emissions at local and
global level
43
Energy Efficiency & Climate
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Efficiency and RES
‣Energy End Use Efficiency reduces the
demand of energy,
thus reducing the need for supply and
increase the share of renewables
check this TED Talk!
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Efficiency and RES
‣Energy End Use Efficiency reduces the
demand of energy,
thus reducing the need for supply and
increase the share of renewables
36% RES
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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relevance of sectors
total energy demand (2014) = 291.000 GWh/year
Families =
23%
Street
lighting = 2%
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Key factors in EE projects
‣Awareness ‣ Is there enough data on energy consumption & energy losses ?
‣ Are decision makers informed nformed on cost, technology, risks, pakback ?
‣Behaviour ‣ How does efficiency depend on people’s behaviour, habits, perceptions ?
‣Long term vision ‣ Are you ready to invest on large, old infrastructure ?
‣ Do you have enough money ?
an engineering approach to
increase
energy end-use efficiency
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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How to increase energy
efficiency
‣engineering project
approach:
provide a viable solution
within given constraints time, budget, resources,
regulations, behavoiur,
actual and percieved risks ...
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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How to increase energy
efficiency
SUB-Stsyem
input
losse
s
output = serivce
SUB-Stsyem losses
4 case studies - light
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
light bulb
electricity
losses
light
switch losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
‣define service
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
light bulb
electricity
losses
light
switch losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
light bulb
electricity
losses
light
switch losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Light in a sport facility
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
‣Re-define service
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiency in lighting
dimmering
reflection
light bulb
electricity
losses
output
on/off timer
losses
losses
losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Light in a sport facility
losses: light is not
required!
actual
required
not enough light!
4 case studies
- light
- buildings
The occupiers do. And they need energy for heating,
as well as air conditioning,
plug-in applicances, light, communication, ventilation, security, mobility...
Buildings do not need
any energy.
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Untapped Potential
‣ Buildings account for 40% of EU final energy demand and 36%
of greenhouse gas emissions. The vast majority of existing
buildings were constructed when energy building regulations
were very limited - if any,
‣ they provide a huge, largely untapped, potential for cost-
effective energy saving.
‣Most buildings existing today will still be standing in 30 years'
time; the rate of new construction remaining generally low.
‣ building renovation using energy efficiency criteria is a
key challenge to meet energy efficeincy and
environmental targets.
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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energy in buildings
‣ building design for efficiency is a common topic for students,
while actual energy use in existing -or ancient- buildings is the
key factor for owners and managers.
‣ Energy use is due to several factors,
‣ technical
e.g. insulation, solar shading,
‣ individual
e.g. sensitivity to indoor air quality,
clothing, activity
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Thermal Insulation
termografia di un edificio
pubblico.
Le macchie rosse indicano la
presenza di impianti di
riscaldamento senza isolamento
termico.
Isolare l’edificio e gli impianti
comporta costi iniziali elevati ma
produce risparmi
molto significativi a lungo
termine.
‣ improve
thermal
insulation in
buildings
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Automatic control - temperature Nest knows you.
By now, the Nest Thermostat has made a
schedule for your home that’s helping
you save energy. Change the
temperature a few days in a row and
Nest will catch on, but one-off
adjustments won’t confuse it.
Want to refine your schedule? You can
edit it in seconds on the Nest Thermostat
or remotely using your Nest Account.
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
Impact of EU policy on EE
‣Nearly-Zero-Energy-Building” (NZEB) has a very
high energy performance, therefore requires a
very low (“nearly zero”) amount of energy
produced on-site by renewable sources
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -
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An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -
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Learn from Nature
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -
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Learn from Nature
Seasonal Energy Storage
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -
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Learn from Nature
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -
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Learn from Nature
‣ heat pumps may be the right choice for may applications...
Do
NOT
use
fire!
4 case studies - light
- buildings
- industry
• industrial oven
• vacuum pumps
• motors / insulation
Example of industrial energy audit
• Analisi del bilancio energetico aziendale
• 350 000 Kg /year
• 774 toe 2,2GWh electricity + 2,1GWh heat
• Cost 4% turnover 350.000€ + 90.000€
Example of industrial energy audit
Example of industrial energy audit
• Analisi dati di
consumo e curve
orarie
Key findings: •No energy management system •Data available: only energy bills •High electricity loads
during night and
weekend
Example of industrial energy audit
Example of industrial energy audit
• Actions: – High efficiency pumps
– Steam generator
– CHP
– Compressed Air efficiency
– heat recovery
• Actual Impact: – Energy saving : 165 toe
– Cost saving 90.000 €/year
– Emissions: 317 tCO2
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Motors & inverters
‣ labelling schemes
for electric motors
‣ inverters
variable speed drives
motor
control
electricity
outpu
t
transmission
losse
s
losse
s
losse
s
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Compressed air
‣ Air is for free,
compressed air is not!
‣ up to 15% of electricity
consumption
‣ high potential for saving
with inverter drives
‣ heat recovery
‣ low cost: reduce pressure
and repair leakages
compressor
pressure set
control
electricity
losses
output
distribution
losses
losses
losses
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Knowledge is (Less) Power
Energy Audit EN 16247 ISO 50001
4 case studies
- buildings
- industry
- light
- veichles
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Un-Sustainable Mobility
‣ local and global emissions
‣ Non-technical factors are key
‣energy use
for transport
> 30%
Don’t touch
my car!
Mobility = freedom
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Avoid-Shift-Improve approach
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Energy efficiencly in transport
veichle
traffic
driver
fue
l
outpu
t
losse
s
losse
s
losse
s
Redefine the service:
reduce or avoid travelling
develop or choose more
efficient veichles
urban planning
users behaviour
use cleaner fuels
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Electrich Veichles
‣ 0,15 kwh/km 0,05 €/km
‣ battery capacity: 10 to 60 kWh
‣ Typical household electricity consumption: 5 -10 kWh/day
‣ Battery charging may have a role in demand management
‣What happened if all veichles
run on electricity?
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Electrich Veichles & the grid +28%
total energy demand (2014) = 291.000 GWh/year
estimated energy demand e-veichles = 81.000 GWh/year
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Electrich Veichles & the grid
+28% flat
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Electrich Veichles & the grid
+28% PEAK!
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Electrich Veichles & the grid
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+28% smart!
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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Electrich Veichles & the grid ‣ smart management of electric
veichles allows a higher share of
RES!
70% RES
Conclusions
An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2015 - Fabio Morea -
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increasing Energy Efficiency is...
‣...the largest, least expansive source of energy
‣...largely untapped, neglected, available
‣...open to a variety of solutions: innovative
products and services, retrofit, renovation,
upgrade, behavioural change, control strategies,
software, electronics, nanothecnology....
‣...a great opportunity to engage in a research
project, get involved in a communication
campaign, work as an energy manager or start
your own innovative business.
Padriciano, 99 34149 Trieste - Italy
Tel. +39 040 3755111
www.areasciencepark.it
THANK YOU!