Energy Efficiency and RES case studies at AREA … Energy Efficiency - School...Energy Efficiency...

29 June 2016

Energy Efficiency and RES case studies at AREA Science Park

FABIO MOREA – Innovation Centre

Facts and Figures

AREA SCIENCE PARK: KEY FACTS 1/2

A leading science and technology park from 1978.

Public Research Body, under the control of MIUR

Hosts 88 R&D High-Tech Centres 80 private companies 8 public research bodies

Develops innovative start-ups through its incubator Innovation Factory

> 9 m€/year innovative projects on competitive funds

122 people employed

2.500 total staff (within 3 campuses)

3 campus - 94.000 sqm total surface area for R&D

activieties

AREA SCIENCE PARK: KEY FACTS 2/2

more than 500 attendees in training activities

4776 hours of training provided to external companies

88 patent searches carries out

86 work experiences, internships and research grants awarded

AN INNOVATION ECOSYSTEM WITH 4 LINES OF ACTIVITY

Development and management of the Science and Technology Park.

National and international projects to promote innovation and high-tech research (exploitation of research and technology transfer). Advanced training and co-ordination of the regional publich research bodies.

Pre-incubation, incubation and acceleration for the creation and development of high-tech startup.

Development of services and public-private partnership to enable companies exploitation of the existing expertise and technology public facilities (Sychrotron and CBM).

AREA SCIENCE PARK SITES

BASOVIZZA CAMPUS TRIESTE

TECHNOAREA GORIZIA

PADRICIANO CAMPUS TRIESTE

Energy Efficiency at AREA Science Park –Hosting companies & Supporting Startups


–Industrial Energy Audits



–Supporting Public sector: capacity bilding, planning

– Tranining

– Coaching

– Study visits

– Pilot Actions




–Engaging Consumers

• www.fiesta-audit.com

http://www.fiesta-audit.com






–Engaging Consumers

–Pilot Plants: CHP, Solar Cooling, LED, PV, geothermal...

2

0

Pilot plants: solar cooling

• 2 pilot plants installed in 2015

2

1

Impianti Dimostrativi nel settore energetico: solar cooling

Impianti solar cooling

2

2

Impianti Dimostrativi nel settore energetico: solar cooling

Impianti solar cooling superficie di adsorbimento (zeoliti)

Supporting startups

AL VIA IFCHALLENGE ICT: IL NUOVO BANDO PER LA CREAZIONE E LO SVILUPPO DI STARTUP INNOVATIVE accelerare lo sviluppo di progetti imprenditoriali, favorendo la creazione/crescita di start up innovative; individuare le startup innovative in cui coadiuvare e sostenere lo sviluppo di impresa, anche da socio di una quota minoritaria, all’interno del “progetto TILT”

https://www.areasciencepark.it/wp-content/uploads/All-TILT.pdf



Defining “efficiency” in

physics, engineering, economics...

An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture @ Summer School on Energy - June 2016 - Fabio Morea -

25

Efficiency

‣Efficiency describes

the extent to which a resource

is well used for the intended purpose,

with a minimum amount of losses.

examples of resources:

raw material, energy, time, effort...

examples of losses: scrap, wasted heat,

unnecessary effort ...


26

Energy Efficiency

‣The term “Energy Efficiency” describes

the ratio between the benefits gained

and the energy used.

‣It is interpreted differently in various disciplines

‣physics

‣engineering

‣environmental policy...


27

Energy Efficiency in physics

Stsyem

input

losses

output

input

output Efficiency =

‣Output is the “intended purposte”

against which efficiency is measured.


28

Energy Efficiency in physics

Stsyem

energy input

losses

intended output or service

input

output Efficiency =

Efficiency is the ratio of

omogeneous variables

‣energy / energy

‣power / power


29

Energy Efficiency in engineering

Stsyem

energy input

losses

intended output or service

input output

Efficiency =

‣ time dependent output

‣ variable loads

‣ scenarios

‣peak vs average

efficiencyRedefine efficiencly

as “Reduce Losses”

‣ subsystems

‣KPI key performance

indicators


30


‣subsystems are a

key concept to exploit

the potential of

energy efficiency

SUB-Stsyem

energy

input

losses

intended output or

service

SUB-Stsyem losses


31


‣subsystem may

include items such as

final user behaviour,

automatic control

strategies, different

energy conversion

stages, energy

storage....

control

distribution

conversion

input

losses

output

behaviour

losses

losses

losses


32

efficiency can be

defined for each

subsystem

a KPI can defined for

the whole system,

with any kind of

variable. Examples:

[kWh / kg raw material]

[kWh / bottle]

control

distribution

conversion

input

losses

output

behaviour

losses

losses

losses


33


system control (incl. MANUAL control)

may be critical

users may not behave

as “rational individuals

maximizing their

benefits”

e.g. rebound effect

e.g. advertising

control

distribution

conversion

input

losses

output

behaviour

losses

losses

losses


34

Energy Conservation

Stsyem

input

losses

output

Energy Conservation

(or Energy Saving)

refers to reducing the

energy consumption

regardless of the effects on

output

(just turn off the machine!)

cost


35

Saving on energy bills

Stsyem

input

losses

output

Energy efficiency can help

reduce the cost of energy

bills

but

the cost of energy bills can

be reduced also by cutting

the unit price of fuel or

electricity

cost if the energy is free, efficiency

may not be a relevant issue -

e.g. natural ventilation


36

Energy Efficiency in envoronmental policy

Stsyem

input

losses

output

Energy efficiency can help

reduce CO2 emissions

but

CO2 emissions can be

reduced also by using

cleaner fuels and

renewable energy sources

fossil fuel

CO2


37

Energy End-Use Efficiency

Energy

End-Use

control

conversion

conversion / distribution losses

output

behaviour

losses

losses

losses

final energy

primary energy

Energy

Supply

are there any business or job

opportunities ?

is it as simple as it seems?

Most of the existing

energy-intensive services

were constructed under

very limited - if any -

efficincy criteria.

They provide a huge,

largely untapped,

potential for

cost-effective energy

saving.

Owners are often not

aware of such potential,

while energy bills are

considered a

fixed cost.


40 9 40

Technology & infrastructure


41

Long term vision & policy

‣Energy efficiency is key in

all future energy scenarios

‣ over 50% of expected

impact is due to End-

Use energy efficeincy 41

IEA Clean Energy

Progress Report 2011


42

Energy Efficiency & Climate

‣ The Covenant of Mayors

an European movement

involving local authorities,

committing to increasing

energy efficiency and use

of renewable energy

sources on their

territories,to meet and

exceed the European

Union 20% CO2 reduction

objective by 2020.

‣ A Sustainable Energy

Action Plan (SEAP) is the

key document in which the

Covenant signatory

outlines how it intends to

reach its CO2 reduction

target by 2020. It defines

the activities and measures

set up to achieve the

targets, together with time

frames and assigned

responsibilities.

‣Energy Efficiency is a key strategy to

reduce CO2 emissions at local and

global level

http://www.pattodeisindaci.eu/+-Sustainable-Energy-Action-Plan,32-+.html

http://www.pattodeisindaci.eu/+-Sustainable-Energy-Action-Plan,32-+.html

http://www.pattodeisindaci.eu/+-SEAP-+.html

http://www.pattodeisindaci.eu/+-Signatory-+.html

43

Energy Efficiency & Climate


44

Efficiency and RES

‣Energy End Use Efficiency reduces the

demand of energy,

thus reducing the need for supply and

increase the share of renewables

check this TED Talk!


45

Efficiency and RES

‣Energy End Use Efficiency reduces the

demand of energy,

thus reducing the need for supply and

increase the share of renewables

36% RES


46

relevance of sectors

total energy demand (2014) = 291.000 GWh/year

Families =

23%

Street

lighting = 2%


47

Key factors in EE projects

‣Awareness ‣ Is there enough data on energy consumption & energy losses ?

‣ Are decision makers informed nformed on cost, technology, risks, pakback ?

‣Behaviour ‣ How does efficiency depend on people’s behaviour, habits, perceptions ?

‣Long term vision ‣ Are you ready to invest on large, old infrastructure ?

‣ Do you have enough money ?

an engineering approach to

increase

energy end-use efficiency


49

How to increase energy

efficiency

‣engineering project

approach:

provide a viable solution

within given constraints time, budget, resources,

regulations, behavoiur,

actual and percieved risks ...


50

How to increase energy

efficiency

SUB-Stsyem

input

losse

s

output = serivce

SUB-Stsyem losses

4 case studies - light


52

Energy efficiency in lighting

light bulb

electricity

losses

light

switch losses


53


‣define service


54


light bulb

electricity

losses

light

switch losses


55


light bulb

electricity

losses

light

switch losses


56

Light in a sport facility


57


‣Re-define service


58


dimmering

reflection

light bulb

electricity

losses

output

on/off timer

losses

losses

losses


59

Light in a sport facility

losses: light is not

required!

actual

required

not enough light!

4 case studies

- light

- buildings

The occupiers do. And they need energy for heating,

as well as air conditioning,

plug-in applicances, light, communication, ventilation, security, mobility...

Buildings do not need

any energy.


62

Untapped Potential

‣ Buildings account for 40% of EU final energy demand and 36%

of greenhouse gas emissions. The vast majority of existing

buildings were constructed when energy building regulations

were very limited - if any,

‣ they provide a huge, largely untapped, potential for cost-

effective energy saving.

‣Most buildings existing today will still be standing in 30 years'

time; the rate of new construction remaining generally low.

‣ building renovation using energy efficiency criteria is a

key challenge to meet energy efficeincy and

environmental targets.


63

energy in buildings

‣ building design for efficiency is a common topic for students,

while actual energy use in existing -or ancient- buildings is the

key factor for owners and managers.

‣ Energy use is due to several factors,

‣ technical

e.g. insulation, solar shading,

‣ individual

e.g. sensitivity to indoor air quality,

clothing, activity


65

Thermal Insulation

termografia di un edificio

pubblico.

Le macchie rosse indicano la

presenza di impianti di

riscaldamento senza isolamento

termico.

Isolare l’edificio e gli impianti

comporta costi iniziali elevati ma

produce risparmi

molto significativi a lungo

termine.

‣ improve

thermal

insulation in

buildings


66

Automatic control - temperature Nest knows you.

By now, the Nest Thermostat has made a

schedule for your home that’s helping

you save energy. Change the

temperature a few days in a row and

Nest will catch on, but one-off

adjustments won’t confuse it.

Want to refine your schedule? You can

edit it in seconds on the Nest Thermostat

or remotely using your Nest Account.


Impact of EU policy on EE

‣Nearly-Zero-Energy-Building” (NZEB) has a very

high energy performance, therefore requires a

very low (“nearly zero”) amount of energy

produced on-site by renewable sources

An engineer's perspective on energy efficiency - Lecture Master in Complex Actions - 27 March 2014 - Fabio Morea -

68


72

Learn from Nature


73

Learn from Nature

Seasonal Energy Storage


74

Learn from Nature


75

Learn from Nature

‣ heat pumps may be the right choice for may applications...

Do

NOT

use

fire!

4 case studies - light

- buildings

- industry

• industrial oven

• vacuum pumps

• motors / insulation

Example of industrial energy audit

• Analisi del bilancio energetico aziendale

• 350 000 Kg /year

• 774 toe 2,2GWh electricity + 2,1GWh heat

• Cost 4% turnover 350.000€ + 90.000€



• Analisi dati di

consumo e curve

orarie

Key findings: •No energy management system •Data available: only energy bills •High electricity loads

during night and

weekend



• Actions: – High efficiency pumps

– Steam generator

– CHP

– Compressed Air efficiency

– heat recovery

• Actual Impact: – Energy saving : 165 toe

– Cost saving 90.000 €/year

– Emissions: 317 tCO2


85

Motors & inverters

‣ labelling schemes

for electric motors

‣ inverters

variable speed drives

motor

control

electricity

outpu

t

transmission

losse

s

losse

s

losse

s


86

Compressed air

‣ Air is for free,

compressed air is not!

‣ up to 15% of electricity

consumption

‣ high potential for saving

with inverter drives

‣ heat recovery

‣ low cost: reduce pressure

and repair leakages

compressor

pressure set

control

electricity

losses

output

distribution

losses

losses

losses


87

Knowledge is (Less) Power

Energy Audit EN 16247 ISO 50001

4 case studies

- buildings

- industry

- light

- veichles


89

Un-Sustainable Mobility

‣ local and global emissions

‣ Non-technical factors are key

‣energy use

for transport

> 30%

Don’t touch

my car!

Mobility = freedom


90

Avoid-Shift-Improve approach


91

Energy efficiencly in transport

veichle

traffic

driver

fue

l

outpu

t

losse

s

losse

s

losse

s

Redefine the service:

reduce or avoid travelling

develop or choose more

efficient veichles

urban planning

users behaviour

use cleaner fuels


93

Electrich Veichles

‣ 0,15 kwh/km 0,05 €/km

‣ battery capacity: 10 to 60 kWh

‣ Typical household electricity consumption: 5 -10 kWh/day

‣ Battery charging may have a role in demand management

‣What happened if all veichles

run on electricity?


94

Electrich Veichles & the grid +28%

total energy demand (2014) = 291.000 GWh/year

estimated energy demand e-veichles = 81.000 GWh/year


95

Electrich Veichles & the grid

+28% flat


96


+28% PEAK!


97


97

+28% smart!


98

Electrich Veichles & the grid ‣ smart management of electric

veichles allows a higher share of

RES!

70% RES

Conclusions


100


101

increasing Energy Efficiency is...

‣...the largest, least expansive source of energy

‣...largely untapped, neglected, available

‣...open to a variety of solutions: innovative

products and services, retrofit, renovation,

upgrade, behavioural change, control strategies,

software, electronics, nanothecnology....

‣...a great opportunity to engage in a research

project, get involved in a communication

campaign, work as an energy manager or start

your own innovative business.

Padriciano, 99 34149 Trieste - Italy

Tel. +39 040 3755111

www.areasciencepark.it

THANK YOU!

http://www.areasciencepark.it

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Energy Efficiency and RES case studies at AREA … Energy Efficiency - School...Energy Efficiency...

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