1 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Greenhouse Gas Calculation Tools
Recognized by the EU Commission:
BioGrace and ENZO2
Horst Fehrenbach
10th International Colloquium
Fuels Conventional and Future Energy for Automobiles
21 January 2015
Technische Akademie Esslingen - Ostfildern
2 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
3 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
4 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC and
that economic operators operating in EU Member States
meet sustainability criteria while sourcing, producing
and using biofuels and bioliquids.
If not: no eligibility for being accounted towards national
targets and no financial support (e.g., tax relief).
GHG emission saving = one of the sustainability criteria:
currently 35% reduction against fossil fuels,
enhanced to 50% in 2017 and 60% in 2018.
WHY calculating GHGs emissions for Biofuels
WHY calculating GHGs emissions
1
5 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Fuel Quality Directive 2009/30/EC require:
6 % reduction in 2020 in GHG emissions from use of transport fuel compared to baseline scenario.
In Germany: 2015 start of obligation for decarbonisation according to FQD (BImSchG §37a):
2015: 3.5% reduction
2017: 4 % reduction
2020: 6 % reduction compared to the basic life cycle GHG emissions per unit of energy from fossil fuels defined as 83.8 g CO2eq/MJ
This reduction can only be reached by admixture of low carbon biofuels and electro-vehicles.
WHY calculating GHGs emission for Biofuels
WHY calculating GHGs emission
1
6 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
7 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
RED Annex V and FQD Annex IV including methodological rules (Part C) and
default values (Part A, B, D)
Communication from the Commission on the practical implementation of the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme and on counting rules for biofuels (2010/C 160/02)
Communication from the Commission on voluntary schemes and default values in the EU biofuels and bioliquids sustainability scheme (2010/C 160/01)
Commission Decision on guidelines for the calculation of land carbon stocks for the purpose of Annex V to Directive
2009/28/EC (2010/335/EU) land-use change
Legal rules
Basic rules and guiding documents
2
8 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Transparency Platform of the EU Commission http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/tran
sparency_platform_en.htm
European Standard EN 16214-4 :
“Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels
and bioliquids for energy applications
Calculation of the greenhouse gas emission balance
associated with sustainable biofuels and bioliquids, using
a life cycle approach”
Further guidance
Basic rules and guiding documents
2
9 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
10 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
List of standard values and calculation rules
is publicly available (www.biograce.net )
shall be used by everyone that makes GHG calculations
under RED/FQD based legislation
Achieving this by:
Including the standard values in all related software tools
Showing that these (and only these) standard values lead
to RED/FQD defaults
Requesting policy makers to make reference from
national legislation (implementing RED / FQD)
The BioGrace project (started in 2010)
Towards a harmonized calculation
3
11 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
The given rules by the EU Commission are not covering all
relevant methodological issues.
The BioGrace tool is recognized as a voluntary scheme
related to GHG emission calculation
as soon as other non-harmonized tools will be
recognized too harmonisation is not given anymore
Harmonisation is not a scientific task
but a political effort
Towards a harmonized calculation
3
12 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Which tools are harmonized
Towards a harmonized calculation
3
BioGrace spreadsheet (version 4c recognized by the EU Commission, version 5 in work)
ENZO2 developed by IFEU Germany recognized by the German resp. auth.
CALCUGEI developed by Ciemat Spain recognized by the Spanish resp. auth.
DfA carbon calculator developed by E4Tech, UK recognized by the British resp. auth.
13 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Further tools NOT harmonized
Towards a harmonized calculation
3
NOT HARMONIZED
RSB Tool (RED related)
Not RED related
GEF GHG Tool
GREET US Model for US market
HGCA Biofuel calculator from UK
GHGenius from Canada
14 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
15 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Welcome to the website: http://www.biograce.net/
BioGrace
4
16 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Recognition by the EU Commission
BioGrace
4
17 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
What does BioGrace offer?
BioGrace
4
Contains all pathways for which RED default values exist (one sheet for each pathway)
Functionalities for all components of the calculation formula:
Combine actual calculation and disaggregated default values
The basic standard values as well as a list of additional standard values
The possibility to create new pathways
Track-change-mode to facilitate verification
18 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
How to make calculations with BioGrace
BioGrace
4
o Input data
oStandard values (“conversion factors”)
Cultivation of rapeseed Calculated emissions
Yield Emissions per MJ FAME
Rapeseed 3.113 kg ha-1
year-1
g CO2 g CH4 g N2O g CO2, eq
Moisture content 10,0%
By-product Straw n/a kg ha-1
year-1
Energy consumption
Diesel 2.963 MJ ha-1
year-1
6,07 0,00 0,00 6,07
Agro chemicals
N-fertiliser 137,4 kg N ha-1
year-1
9,08 0,03 0,03 18,89
CaO-fertiliser 19,0 kg CaO ha-1
year-1
0,05 0,00 0,00 0,06
K2O-fertiliser 49,5 kg K2O ha-1
year-1
0,62 0,00 0,00 0,67
P2O5-fertiliser 33,7 kg P2O5 ha-1
year-1
0,76 0,00 0,00 0,80
Pesticides 1,2 kg ha-1
year-1
0,28 0,00 0,00 0,32
Seeding material
Seeds- rapeseed 6 kg ha-1
year-1
0,06 0,00 0,00 0,10
STANDARD VALUESparameter:
unit: gCO2/kg gCH4/kg gN2O/kg gCO2-eq/kg
N-fertiliser 2827,0 8,68 9,6418 5880,6
GHG emission coefficient
19 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Production of FAME from Rapeseed (steam from natural gas boiler)
Overview Results
All results in Non- allocated Allocation Allocated Total Actual/ Default values
g CO 2,eq / MJ FAM E results factor results Default RED Annex V.D
Cultivation eec 18,1 A 29
Cultivation of rapeseed 30,11 58,6% 17,64 28,51
Rapeseed drying 0,72 58,6% 0,42 0,42
Processing ep 20,9 A 22
Extraction of oil 6,50 58,6% 3,81 3,82
Refining of vegetable oil 1,06 95,7% 1,01
Esterification 16,82 95,7% 16,09
Transport etd 1,0 D 1
Transport of rapeseed 0,30 58,6% 0,17 0,17
Transport of FAME to depot 0,47 100,0% 0,47 0,82
Transport to filling station 0,80 100,0% 0,80 0,44
Land use change el 0,0 58,6% 0,0 0,0 0
Bonus or esca 0,0 100,0% 0,0 0,0 0
eccr + eccs 0,0 100,0% 0,0 0,0 0
Totals 56,8 40,0 52
17,88
What do you get at the end
BioGrace
4
20 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
21 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Current version 1.3: 6 separate files for different feedstocks / pathways (EN or DE)
ENZO2 5
Ethanol
Vegetable oil /
biodiesel
Greenhouse gas calculator for biofuels and bioliquids
These excel-based versions are recognized by the BLE
and freely available at www.ifeu.de
22 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
What’s different?
ENZO2 5
BioGrace ENZO2
Original goal: making default values
in Annex V transparent
Original goal: facilitated GHG calculation
for economic operators, i.e. non-experts.
1 Spreadsheet for 1 complete
pathway
Each Spreadsheet focussed on specific
player (cultivation, oil mill etc.)
Major reference:
MJ Biofuel (final product)
complete chain implicitly anticipated
Major reference:
kg product produced within the step on
focus (e.g. kg rapeseed)
No averaging ! Averaging in line with Biokraft-NachV
§16(2)2b possible
User can modify spreadsheet No modification possible but multiple
choice of input materials (roll-down)
Same input values same results !
23 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH ENZO2 5
Each Spreadsheet focussed on specific player
24 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH ENZO2 5
Go through step by step
Below: visuable but not
manipulable: the
calculation section
Section 2:
the input section
(to be filled in by the
user).
Section 1:
the result
25 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
III. Market actor: Last Interface
Step-by-step manual for calculating GHG savings
Greenhouse gas emission savings
0% compared to fossil fuel
0,0 g CO2eq/MJ biofuel
Biofuel is used for
Enter your data in step 1-4 to calculate GHG savings of your ethanol batch
STEP 1 - GHG emissions up to last interface (incl. transport)
What are the GHG emissions of the ethanol batch (incl. transport)?
g CO2eq per kg ethanol
The GHG emissions from biofuel production
amount to
What do you get at the end
ENZO2 5
923
57%
36,0
26 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Content
1 Why calculating GHG emissions for Biofuels?
2 What are the basic rules and guiding documents?
3 The way towards a harmonized calculation
4 BioGrace
5 ENZO2
6 Outlook
27 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Currently both tools are on the way being updated and
extended shall correspond to updated RED version
BioGrace-II tool (biogas and solid biomass for electricity,
heat and cooling) forthcoming; based on Staff Working Document by EU Commission 2014
New version of ENZO2 will be offered as a web-based
tool in order to facilitate the application furthermore.
Outlook
Outlook 6
28 21 January 2014 Fehrenbach / Köppen / Hennecke
ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH
Horst Fehrenbach - Susanne Köppen – Anna Hennecke
ifeu - Institute for Energy and
Environmental research Heidelberg GmbH
Wilckensstraße 3
69120 Heidelberg
Germany
Fon: +49 (0) 6221 / 47 67 -0
Fax: +49 (0) 6221 / 47 67 -19
email: [email protected]
Thank you for your attention
Any questions?