8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
1/20
Textile Fibers and
Yarns
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
2/20
Objectives:
List the main characteristics of naturaland manufactured fibers
Explain how fibers are marketed
Summarize the role of leather and furas primary materials in fashion
Describe new fiber innovations
Explain how fibers are made intoyarns
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
3/20
Fiber Categories
Natural Originate from natural sources
Plant (cellulosic) or animal(protein)
Manufactured, synthetic, orman-made (termsinterchangeable)
Originate from chemical sources
May also be from regenerated orrecycled sources
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
4/20
NaturalFibers
Cellulosic (from plants) Cotton
From cotton plants
Flax (linen) From flax stems
Protein (from animals) Silk
From cocoons of silkworms
Wool From fleece (hair) of sheep
or lambs
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
5/20
Textile Terms
Fibers Staple: short fibers
Usually characterizesa natural fiber
Filament: longcontinuous fibers
Usually characterizes
a synthetic fiber(except silk)
Denier
Fiber thickness or
diameter
Yarns Fibers twisted
together
Plyrefers to howmany yarns may betwisted togetherbefore weaving
FabricsYarns woven,knitted, or fusedtogether to createfabric
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
6/20
Cotton Cellulosic fiber From bolls (seed
pods) growing onbushes
Comfortable
Soft and durable Absorbent, cool to
wear
Environmentallyfriendly cottoncan be grown in arange of colors
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
7/20
Wool
Protein fiber
From sheep
Worsted wool ishigher quality withlong staple fibers(over 2 inches)
Natural insulator Will shrink and
mat if washed
Fl
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
8/20
Flax(Linen)
Worlds oldest textile
fiber Cellulosic fiber from
stem of flax plant
Stiff, wrinkles easily
Absorbent, cool towear in heat
Other uses
Dish towelsTablecloths
Flax is the fiber name;
linen is the fabricname.
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
9/20
Other Natural Fibers
Ramie
Jute
Sisal
Hemp Raffia
Downfeathers
Hair fibersfrom Goats
Rabbits
Camels
Cellulosi
cFibers
ProteinFibers
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
10/20
Marketing NaturalFibers
Natural fiber tradeassociations:
Cotton Incorporated
National Cotton Council Wool Bureau, Inc.
Mohair Council ofAmerica
International SilkAssociation
Provide fabric libraries
Natural Fibers rcool
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
11/20
ea er anFur
From hides or pelts(skins) of animals
Expensive
Artificial substitutesavailable (fauxleather and fur)
Leather used
mainly for footwear Fur used for
prestige appareland accessories
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
12/20
Manufactured Fibers
Process
Raw materialsmelted or dissolved
to form thick syrup Liquid extruded
through spinneret
Extruded filamentsstretched andhardened into fibers
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
13/20
Manufactured Fibers(generic groups)
Generic group: afamily of manufacturedfibers with similarchemical composition
Common generic fibersfrom chemical orpetroleum products: Polyester
Nylon
Olefin
Acrylic
Variants: trade orbrand names givento slightly modifiedgeneric fibers
Example: ANTRONnylon used forhosiery
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
14/20
Manufactured Fibers
Qualities that are
unique or superiorto natural fibers
Elasticity
Nonallergenic
Strength
Resistant toabrasion
Qualities that
may be less thandesirable Feel clammy
because they arenonabsorbent
Build up staticelectricity
Susceptible to oilstains
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
15/20
Other Types ofOther Types of
Manufactured FibersManufactured Fibers Fibers that come from a
plant (cellulosic) source;chemically altered tocreate new fibers(regenerated)
Rayon
Acetate and Triacetate
Lyocell
Fib I ti d
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
16/20
Fiber Innovation andTrends
Fibers are designed forspecific end-uses
Polymers (chemical
compounds) areengineered to meet needs
Microfibers are ultra-finedeniers that make softer,more luxurious fabrics
Spandex added in fiberblends to make stretchablefabrics
Plastic soft drinkbottles recycledinto apparel
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
17/20
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
18/20
p nn ng ers n oYarns
Spinning draws,twists, and windsstaple, filament, orblends of both fibers
into long, cohesivestrands or yarns
Yarns wound ontobobbins or spools
Twist may vary,creating differentyarn properties
Early 18th centuryspinning wheel
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
19/20
Yarn Terminology
Yarn blends Combining two or more
fibers into a spun yarn
Combination yarns
Contain two or moreplys of different fibers
Textured yarns
Changing the surface ofa yarn using chemicals,heat, or machinery
Texturing gives bulk,stretch, softness, andwrinkle-resistance to
yarns.
8/7/2019 FM_4 Textile, Fibers and Yarns RW
20/20
Do You Know . . .
The American YarnSpinners Association
deals with thegovernment on yarn-industry issues suchas trade laws,
customs regulations,packaging, labeling,and productstandards.