Folding and Faulting (Deformation)
Folding is ALWAYS the result of compression (squashing together)
Faulting can be caused by either compression, tension (pulling apart) or shearing (sliding past one another)
Folding and Faulting
Fold and Fault
Syncline – Sinks Down Anticline – Up in the Air
Syncline and Anticline
Sandstone uplifted by folding. Evidence on the landscape – Coast of Cork/Kerry. Inlets are
synclines, peninsulas are anticlines. Also direction of flow of river Lee.
Munster Ridge and Valley
Munster ridges and valleys (from Armorican folding)
Normal Fault – Caused by Tension Reverse Fault – Caused by Compression Thrust Fault – Low angle reverse (compression) fault Tear Fault – Shear Force (Horizontal movement)
Faulting
Faulting
2008 HL
Faulting - Horst (High) and Graben
Red Sea – a Graben
Red Sea From Space
Horst and Graben in Nevada
Where is this Graben?
2013 HL
Doming
2006 HL
Fault in Sedimentary Rock
2009 HL
Leaving Cert Exam Question (2012 OL)
Examine the impact of folding and faulting on the landscape.In your answer refer to one landform in each case. (30 marks)
Marking SchemeFoldingNamed landform: 2 marksDiscussion: 7(6) x SRPsFaultingNamed landform: 2 marksDiscussion: 6 (7) x SRPsCredit relevant labelled diagrams.Give credit for one named example of each landform
Leaving Cert Exam Question (2007 HL)