Folding and Faulting (Deformation)

Folding is ALWAYS the result of compression (squashing together)

Faulting can be caused by either compression, tension (pulling apart) or shearing (sliding past one another)

Folding and Faulting

Fold and Fault

Syncline – Sinks Down Anticline – Up in the Air

Syncline and Anticline

Sandstone uplifted by folding. Evidence on the landscape – Coast of Cork/Kerry. Inlets are

synclines, peninsulas are anticlines. Also direction of flow of river Lee.

Munster Ridge and Valley

Munster ridges and valleys (from Armorican folding)

Normal Fault – Caused by Tension Reverse Fault – Caused by Compression Thrust Fault – Low angle reverse (compression) fault Tear Fault – Shear Force (Horizontal movement)

Faulting

Faulting

2008 HL

Faulting - Horst (High) and Graben

Red Sea – a Graben

Red Sea From Space

Horst and Graben in Nevada

Where is this Graben?

2013 HL

Doming

2006 HL

Fault in Sedimentary Rock

2009 HL

Leaving Cert Exam Question (2012 OL)

Examine the impact of folding and faulting on the landscape.In your answer refer to one landform in each case. (30 marks)

Marking SchemeFoldingNamed landform: 2 marksDiscussion: 7(6) x SRPsFaultingNamed landform: 2 marksDiscussion: 6 (7) x SRPsCredit relevant labelled diagrams.Give credit for one named example of each landform

Leaving Cert Exam Question (2007 HL)