7/25/2019 Gerunds and Infinitives_ex
1/5
l t f LL ii
L 2
They
want
to spend
their life
together.
They would ,ike to have two children.
Thay may buy a car next year.
The linrfiniHue
is
the
root
fonn1of
the
venb
.,
There are
two kinds of infinli'li v,e:
a the o
I
n e.g. 10
1
siay, fo
go
b)
the
ba lnflnltl which is tihe root torni ot the
verb without
to.
,e.g.
stay.,
go
after verbs
su:ch
,as ad11ise
,
agree,
decide
expect, hope
m a n a g e
offer
,
promls,e, ,refuse
.,
seem
1
want-
1
etc
.
e.g. He
refused
to
answer
my question.
after - +
adj such
as glad
n a p p y n i c e
SOn:)
etc.
e.g.
It
Is nice
f.o
be back home.
Jack
will
be
glad
to
see
you.
+ .after some verlbs su c
lh as
,know,
learn,
remember, ,ask, want to
know
. elc., when
there
is
a
1
queslion w,
ord
what whe
re how
etc.) after
them.
w h y is not foHowed by a
1
n
intfni1ive,,
but
by a subjec
1
t
+ ve:rb.
e.g.
I
don
know how to answer tl1is
quesUon.
but
I didnt
know why he was
cryin
'g.
with
too
and enough
.
e.g. It's too
cold
to go
outs,de.
Joe lsn t old enough
to
vote.
to
express purpose.
e.g
.
went to the florisfs to
buy some
flowers.
1
2
3
4
5
16
7
9,
after mod verbs
1can
musi,
etc
. .
e.g. Ybu
1
Can go
home
now.
after the verbs lat and mak .
e.g.
Y parents
let
me
h,ave a party
for my birth
day
last month.
Write what Die fal lowing words/plilrases
,
are
1
loHowed
by: le
. infinitive (l'.1 .J
or bare
infinffillie
{8
. f'.J.
could
+
8 1
91
make sb
+
.
, .... .
agree
9 .,,
,.
..t
I
I
10
seem
I
t . 1 'f t ' I i 1
tel + .
11
expect
....... ...
must+ 1
a
I
e
I
112 can 't +
111
. .. ll
want
..
....... . ,
13 it is
nice
f t T..-
I 1 I .. I I ., .. I
learn
+
..
t r I O I O
Ii
14 hope " 1 9 " 1 ' " ' " ' 1
decrde
+
-t-
-
111
15
may +
................
-
promise+
4
t
16
+
1t 1-C ... . ll
In pairs,1say
what rour
parents donftj tel
or (
don
fJ
make rou
do using Ole prompts
below.
SA : My
parent; {et me watch
1Y
late
t
nl9ht.
SB:
My parent9 make me etudy hiud
watch
TV late
at ni
ght
study ha
rd
go
to
parUes
at the
weekend
wear
anything I
want
tidy my room
invUe rriends
home
have breakfast every
m o m ~ n
pl
ay music loud
Fiii in
the gaps
,
with one of I l le
ve:li)s
from
the
l ist in
the correct form .
climb. help,
go. openi buy,
posl.
stay, take.
wa sh,
ask
1 I think win ..
uy ..
some flowers fo r my mother.
2 em went lo the
po
st office ................. soma letters.
3 Lel me .
.
.
you with
your
homework.
4
want
... .................... a mountain before I'm th irty.
5 We must .
..
................. the car today. ns very
dirty.
6
He
1
s too young ........................ in ~ h e house
aJone
.
7 I don't know how . . the
windows ij
1
n
this room.
e
I couldn 't
~ -
.............. on
hofiday
last sunimer.
9 Can I .............. ..
you a please?
10i They made her .............. the money out
of
the safe.
7/25/2019 Gerunds and Infinitives_ex
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I wanl to
play
with
the
ye.flow
ball
.
= - - c
I
want yo u lo
draw a pie
ure.
When the subject
of
the main verb and the subiect
of Ule
inli
l
nilive
rs
the
same. then U1e subject of the
inltni1ive
is omitted.
e.g. I would
l le lo
sta
1
y
here. (The subject ,of the
main verb nd the infinitive is
1
When the subjecl of
the
lnfinitirve
s
different from
1he
subject
ot the ma n
lhen
fhe su
1
bject
of
the
infi
initJve is not
omitted.
The subject of the
infinitiive
can be
a name (Mla.,k)
1
a
noun
(the
boys
)
or
an
,object pronoun (me.
you,,
lhem
1
ec.) and
goes
bef
,or
1
e the Infinitive.
lucy
e.g. I would
ll ce
lhe
girts
her
must
he
1
lp
me
.
I
want you to help
me.
lo slay
here
.
They
m ustn
leave now. . ................
& .
I don't want ....w . ......... . .
_
She
must
eat
her d1111n
er.
want . .
'I
. .. ...... . ' 'I - ......... . ......
....
. . .. ,. .... ' .. t . t .. - .. .. .. ........ .........
..
Iii .. ' ..... .
He must visit
Aunt Lind
a.
I
wan
I
. .
. . ,
'
,. ,
You
mus1:n
,t
talk to
str
angers
.
don 't
want
.. .a . . . . . .
..
..
.
II
II .. .. '
.
..
a .. . . . . . . . ..
..
iii. i a II ..
7/25/2019 Gerunds and Infinitives_ex
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He is
loo
short lo reach
the
biscuits.
She s ta,
enough to
reach the top shelf.
Too goes belor
adjectives
or
adver
1
bs. It
has
a negativ,e meanin:g and shows that: something
is mo
1
re than enough ,
mor
e
than
necessary
or
m,
ore
tha1n 'Wanted .-
0 01
+ dJect1 /a v
rb
+ to - I n
e.g. Sarah is
loo youn
g
to
go to
sch
ool. (Swah is
so
young
Ula
1
tshe can t go to school.)
He speaks
too
1
u1 'ckty
for me to undersfand
him
. (He
speaks so quickly lhal
I
can
1
I
under
-
stand him.)
Enough goe,s before
nouns
but after adjectives,
or
adverbs.. rt has a
positive
meaning and
shows that U1ere Is as
1much
of
someth
i
ng
as is
wanted or needed.
adJacU
e/
adverb
+
enough } +
to
,- infinitive
enough
noun
e.g. She s
Ola
enough fo go out on
her
own (She
can go
out
on
her own Ji
rve
got
1enough butter to RJak1e a cake
.
(I
can make a cake.)
nough ... + to -
lnflnttt
_ (,positive meani
ng)
e.g. He is stron'g enough
lo lift
the suitcase.
not
no gh
..
..
+ to in ntuva (negative meani
ng')
e.g He Is nol strong enough to llft the suitcase.
too .... +
10 -
ln: nltf (negative meaning)
e.g.
He
is
too weak to 1;n the
suitcase
too
... ror omebody/som till g +to lnfln M
(negative
meaning)
e.g. Tihe suitcase is too heavy for ,him to litt.
,,
21
31
4,
51
6
7
8
Match column A wilhi
calurnn
8
1
lo mak
correct
sentences.,
A B
It's only 6 o'clock.
a
e:nough to l ve atone.
It's
too
'
b
co
1
d
to
go
out
without
a coat
He wasn' t tat I
c
enough to go
to
I'm
not
ofd
bed now .
d
enough
to
reach the
ns too
1
cupboard.
8
expensive for me to
The
girll wasn 't early
buy.
The dress was too
f
early
to
go to bed.
g
rich enough to buy a
rm not tired
yactrit
h
enough to
1
catch
the
w a arent
train.
Complete the responses using too or
e n o u g h ~
1 Can she win the rac
e?
(fast) Yes . f1he'6
fa6t
er1ou9h,,
2 Can he buy this car? (cheap)
No, ' ..... l . . _ .. .. .. ., .. ., "' . . . , .......... .
I>'
i .. ..
. . . . . . . . . . .
. .......... 1 . . . . . . . . .
3 Can
he
Near
th;s )acket?
(
sma.U)
NO, ' a-
+ .. l1:.11 ..
,. 1
. . . . . l l i l
.
........ .. r
4
Can
she
carry
the
ba.gs? (hearvy)
o ,. ......_.. ..
......
................................... ,................................... .
5, Can he hear the 1music? (loud)
yes .. . .. .... .
... i ' ii
. . . . .
. IS._.
I I .. ' I '
I
I .,
I
II
6 Can he touch the ceiling? (short)
N0
t
..
II .
ta I l I
_.
..
. . I
..
I_. I I .
.
7/25/2019 Gerunds and Infinitives_ex
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Mr Scott
likes
painting.
Pa
,nffng is hjs
tavourjte hobby.
The u
rn form"
is the verb
f
1
orm
with
the,
ng
suffix.
e.g.
Sam
lik,es ,ishing.
as
a
noun .
e.g. Walldn.g is a
go
od form
of
exercise.
usually after the verbs II e . lov dlallk ; h
nJay
p
e.g. Melen likes
watching
old
films
on TV.
after
t
1
he verbs
- ,
begln op
,, lnl
h.
e.g.
He, started writing
his composition an
hour
ago.
after
preposili'o.ns"
g I m
tired of
go;ng
to
work
by bus e,very
morning
.
after
the
verb go when we talk ,about e t l v e s ~
e.g. We
usually go
siding at the
weekends.
,
after
lhe expressions be
busy,
ll s no use
1ts
no
1
good
H's (no} worth wha, s the se
of
..
.
?
fheTe 's no poin, In.
1
g
. Father
Is busy repairi
ng
the car.
after verbs such ,as avoid. admit. confess, deny,
look
forward tor
mind
regret
1tslc, spend
suggest,
etc
e g Torry avo.fded
answering
my question.
NOTE:
1 We,
can use the
-Jng form1or
the
to -
inifln itive
after
the verbs
,
start.
e i ,
continue-
llke
, lov
,
prefer and e.g. He started wrtHng/
10
1
wrlle
his
speech
last night.
2 We use the to infiinltlve
and
not the -rng form
afler' lhe expressions
would love
/would like/
would prefer.
e.g.
I
would love
,
lo have
my own
house one day. (NOT:
ffNe-haWRg-my- WA-
~ e e y
3 We can use the bare Infinitive or the - ling form
after
the ve1bs
see"'
hear
feel and
watc
Note
lhe difference in
mean1ng
1
however
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
1
I saw Peter cross the street I saw the whole
action - by the time J e f t ~ Peter was
on
the other
side
of
the
street.)
b) I saw Peter cross;ng
the street.
J
only
saw paJf
of
the
action - I don know If
Peter
got
lo
the
other
side
of the street by the time I left.}
I
Match colu111n
A will i l1
co'lumn1
B
lo
make
c rwc t
sentences
A B
WriUng ~ e t t e r s
to
a
is
very
Uring.
fri,ends
b bad for your teet1.
The baby
started
Running tong
c
cryi
ng
when
I left
Lhe
distances
room.
Speaking foreign
d
skiing 11ast
wl nter.
languages
e
is one of my hobbies.
llhey went
~ n g lots
of sugar
f wa5hing the
dishes.
Tom doesn
~ i k e
g is useful for
everyoneT
Put
the
verbs in brack
1
els
n1o
the
correc
. lnfinifiv
,e
form or
the -Jng form.
1 I would
Uke
...
t o ao go)
out
tonfght
2 He hates . . . .. . . .. . (play)
cards
.
3, She is too
e>:c
ited . . . .
(sleep) .
4
You
must
................. (get up) early in the morning .
5 I regret ................................
M
(spierid) so
much
money
las1 weekerid.
6 They go ................. ..
(nun)
1
every Tuesday evening .
7 I saw Helen .............. .. ......... ....................... (wash)
the
d
shes
.
It
took
he
1
only
ten mi
nutes
.
8 I started . . ('earn) French 'lwo
y,ears
ago.
9 He was very p eased .................... (see} her again.
1O The dentist
advised him . ...
(st
.op
J
eating sweets.
69
7/25/2019 Gerunds and Infinitives_ex
5/5
Put the verbs in brackets into the
1
correct lnlinllive form or the -Ing
to r
lm.
Last e e k e n d ~ Toby's parents let him (1)
.go
(go)
'0
1 he funfair with his friends. When they arrived,
they
di
dn
't know which ride
12) ..............
..
..... ..... (try)
first, but
someo
ne
suggested
3.)
.............................. ,....
(start}
with the
ghost
tran.
Every
one
agreed
that this
was
a
very good
idea. After they
had
finished (4)
..
.........
.
.........
(ride) the ghost
tratn.
they
moved
'On to
~ h e other
rides. Toby admitted (5) .....................
..
(be) afraid on
the
iast r0Her-coaster , but hewas
still
happy
enough
(6.) ............................ (go) on it thr
1
ee 'limes He and his
friends
wa
nted (7)
rn
. ~ t r y )
an
of the
1
rides
but they were too exhausted (8) ~ .. (do)
everything n one
day
.
Toby
suggested (9) ............ .... ...
(come) back the
f0Uow
1ng weekend.
Then
.
they aJ
I
dec
i
ded 110) .............................
(go) home.
They aH
o v e d
{11) ...... ..........................
(visi l) the funfair
and
t
ihe
y
are looking forward to (12) ................................
(return) this w e e k e n d
Put the verbs in
brackels
into the
cor-,,ecl
Infinitive to r,m
1or
the -
Jn
g
torm
.
1
A: Ar,e
you busy ... readlrrB
(read)?
Si:
Yes.
but II don't
mind ................... .............
(help'
you
.
What do
you want?
A: Do you know
the
answer
to
th
is
ques1ion?
B: Yes. l ook_
11
1show
you
how
............
,
..............
.
(do)
it
yourself.
2 A: I've decded . . . . . {get) a part-Ume job.
B: Really?
Wha
't
kind of job
do
you want .... ... ..
..
. .
..
.
.... .. ' . . firi
d)?
A: Well, II real1
y
enjo,y ..................... ................. (look
after) a a's. so
11
o u ~ d n t m .....
...
............. .
....... ....
..
...... (work) in a pet shop .
3 A: lhe p o ~ i e
caught
the man who burgled my
house last month.
B: Really?
How did
they
manage..........
.. .. ..
............ .
{catch) h ~ m
A:
don't know
,
but he admitted
.....
..
..................... .
{s
t
ea
l) things in
our ne
ighbourhood.
B: We U, I'm happy
.............
(hear) that
lhe lhi ef was caug
hl
.
4 A.:
L
1
et's .. . . . . (go) to 'the
ice-rink
at 1Jhe weekend
.
B: Y
ou know
hate ............
.. ..
.............
..
(ice-skate).
A: Burt you\
re
only tried it once. Ainyway. you love
.......
..
.............. (roller-skate)'.
Ifs
the same tning.
That's
di
fferent
5 A: Dad,
Lu
cy
has
started ....-- {have)
rid ing lessons. Will you let 1me ... ........................ .
(go) riding loo?
B:
Do
you reaHy want .
.
(go}?
A: Yes. ...... ... L.-
1
... _
...
. . . .
.......... (.\o\te)
1
lo
B; WeU , l 'H talk to your mother and, if she agrees.
sure we can ................. ,., ... (arrange)
some
~ e s s o n s tor you.
A: Thanks Dad.
6 A: D
id you
know that Scott going to ask Laura
(
. ) h' ?
' ~ . , '
11 'I,. I
' ' I
fl r' ' r ' I " '
I l l 9
1 I II 1
'I 'J "I I I t '
.
I "I
I
'I t
I
'., marry 1m
B: ReaHy? How do you know 'that?'
A: I
sa
w
them .......................
Oook)
at 1ngagemenr
rings n a jieweUery shop.
Oh. that's
interesting.
7
A:
A
re
you
o o k m n g
f
orwa
rd to ...............
..
........ (go)
on
ho
Jlday?
B:
Yes
. I'm busy
.. ..
... .. ...... .. .......... (p
tan)
my week.
A: I
suggest
..........
..
.................
v ~ s i t )
the museums
and art galleries.
They
're f
asd
natin g.
Thats
a
good
idea. Actually,
~ a n t e d
.............. .
..
.
.
. (ask) you what lhe town is Hke
before I decide what uuu
(do).
S
ludy
lhese examples. The second sentence
has a similar meaning to
the
f i rst sentence.
1 Jerry was so short that he couldn't
reach
the lop shelf.
too J
erry was
too short to
teach
the
top
shelf.
2 Fiona
is
too young to
1
Q0
1
out at
night
1
0
1
ld Fiona isn't
1
td
enough to 9 out at night.
3 Driving fast
is
dangerous.
driive
It ts
1
dangerous to
1
drtve fast
Complete each sentence
w
lb, twa
to
Owe
word's lincluding the
1
ward
in
bold.
1 Alec is too
short
lo be a basketball pla.ye .
tall
Alec isn't . .
aU enoueh
to
be
a
basketball
player.
2
Exercising
regularly
is
good
for
you.
exerc ise ll is good . . . .. .. ... ... . re-guIar'Y.
3 Mary was,
so
late that
she didn
't catch
U1e bus
.
too
Mary
wa
s .....................................
the
bus.
4
This
book is
too boring for
me to
read.
enough1 This book
msn
t ....... ...... ..................... read.