New Product / New Technology
for the Small-SizeCommercial Complex and ApartmentsTechnical ReportCAE Technology and Application Cases
Overseas News_ⅠBus Shelters in Dubai
Overseas News_ⅡLG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in Chile
Site Sketch-Korea Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO
| LG Systemaircon Monthly Magazine | 2008. 07 | Vol.3
HVACMonthly Magazine
Vol.3Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
LG Electronics, based on its position as the producer of the best sellinghome air-conditioners in the world for the consecutive seven years, hasbroaden its business scope to the commercial air-conditioners andintroduced various HVAC solutions suitable for the large-scale buildings.Particularly, the MULTI V PLUS II for the large-scale high-rises, whichwas introduced in 2007, localized its core components a hundred percentfor the first time in Korea and was chosen as one of the Korea’s TenGreatest New Technology in 2007 for its high efficiency DC invertertechnology.
It wasn’t only for that. The solution achieved the highest energyconsumption efficiency for air-conditioning in the world (COP 4.2/4.4based on 8HP), the most farthest height between indoor and outdoorunits (100m) and the largest capacity (64HP). It was also highly valuedfor its ability of the quick and proper service and maintenance with theoperation records saved for three minutes prior to the breakdown, whichutilized the self breakdown sensing and checking theory for the first timein the world.
LG Electronics has endeavored endlessly for creating the customers’value and it has tried to spread the hybrid products for the new recycledenergy for the environment and for the future. It will do so with the highefficiency DC inverter technology in the rapidly growing market of thenew recycled energy in the world.
We will offer the differentiated customer supporting programsreflecting positively the demands of the end users as well as the ones ofdesign offices and construction companies in the stage of selectingproducts with the systematic operation of sales, technical support andservice of HVAC. Along with them, the most appropriate HVAC systemwill be proposed through LATS Load, the scientific technology businesssoftware and Model Selection, the Field Event (FE) for the installingconstruction management will be enlarged, and a smallest fault will notbe allowed with the scientific operation monitoring system.
As a true leader in the air-conditioning industry, LG Electronics willcontinue to offer the most appropriate HVAC total solution for theenvironment and for the future. Thank you.
>>>>> Greetings
Creating the Customers’ Value for the Environment andfor the Future
Innku HurVice PresidentLG Electronics
CONTENTSNew Product / New Technology
for the Small-Size Commercial Complex and Apartments
LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/single piping type MULTI VMINI in 2008. With the existing MULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it willenlarge the scope of products selection for the customers.02Technical ReportCAE Technology and Application Cases
Using the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners has been increased in Koreaever since the introduction of Commercial air-conditioners.08Overseas News_ⅠBus Shelters in Dubai
LG Air-Conditioners in the World-First Closed Bus Stops of Dubai.
19Overseas News_ⅡLG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in Chile
Chilean Subsidiary Participating in the Project of Territoria 3000, the HighestGrade Landmark Hotel in the Country.20Site Sketch-Korea Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO
Totol capacity of cooling is 220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4thfloors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the 5th floor applied respectively.21
02 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
│ New Products / New Technology│
for the Small-SizeCommercial Complex and Apartments
LG Electronics is to introduce the side discharge/singlepiping type MULTI V MINI in 2008. With the existingMULTI V PLUS II, SPACE II and SYNC, it will enlarge thescope of products selection for the customers.
Background of DevelopmentMost commercial establishments like restaurants and shops use the
package type air-conditioners with the single indoor unit connected to the
single outdoor unit. But ceiling cassette type and indoor units of ceiling
concealed duct type, which make possible to use interior spaces efficiently,
are increasingly popular.
Due to the trend of more and more large-scale high-rise buildings, the
existing single type and multi piping products raise problems such as
longer piping and farther height between indoor unit and outdoor unit. In
case of karaokes, DVD rooms, studying rooms, etc., all of which are
divided into much smaller cabins, refrigerant piping becomes complicated
and installation difficult. But the single piping type MULTI V MINI will
make it simple.
The air-conditioning trend of residential buildings like the deluxe
apartments has changed from the partial air-conditioning, in which only a
living room and a main bedroom are air-conditioned, to the whole air-
conditioning. But the existing single piping package type has a limitation
to respond the demand of whole air-conditioning, and the multi piping type
as its alternative can provide only six indoor units at most with a single
outdoor unit, while MULTI V MINI makes it possible to install nine to the
maximum. If more than six rooms in an apartment require air-conditioning,
two outdoor units will be necessary in case of the existing multi piping
type and that will make the outdoor unit room crowded. The alteration of
balcony to enlarge other spaces raises the cooling load that, in turn, require
larger indoor and outdoor units. Now it is a fundamental requirement for
customers to select a design of indoor unit among various ones available
considering the interior design.
Outdoor unit room is usually narrow and crowded with boiler,
ventilation unit, oxygen producer, ect. along with air-conditioning outdoor
unit. Therefore smaller and lighter units are necessary to fit into the space
for installation and maintenance. Particularly low noise operation of
outdoor unit is required during summer nights which are very hot in Korea.
03HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
04 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Reduction of outdoor unit Volume by 54%
1. Introduction of MULTI V MINIMULTI V MINI was developed as a single piping products of single-
phase 220V (cooling only) and three-phase 380V (for cooling and heating)
with capacity of 11, 14.5 and 16kW. It applied R410A, the environment
friendly refrigerant, and the high efficiency DC inverter and achieved COP
of 3.5 (cooling) and 3.8 (heating). With the maximum piping length of
150m from outdoor unit to indoor unit and the maximum height difference
of 50m, it offers a lot of freedom to design piping and makes it possible to
connect freely up to nine indoor unit to an outdoor unit with capacity of
50-130 percent (in case of 16kW product).
Characteristically, its compact outdoor unit was downsized to 46 percent
volume of the existing 16kW top discharge type unit with the same
capacity.
2. Merits and Characteristics of MULTI V MINI
The Highest Energy Efficiency in the WorldIt applied the high efficiency DC inverter motor to increase the energy
efficiency. Changing freely the RPM of compressor according to theindoor cooling and heating load makes possible to keep high energyefficiency (COP), compared with the general bypass type compressordriving method, particularly under the condition of low load and partialload with indoor units partially operating.
While the cooling and heating efficiency (COP) of other Koreancompetitor’s similar products are 2.45 and 3.53 each, COP of MULTI VMINI boasts 3.6 and 3.8 each, which means the over 30 percent reducedbill of electricity particularly in the residential spaces where theprogressive tax system is applied.
The Largest Number of Connectable Indoor Units in the WorldWhile an indoor unit is connected to the single outdoor unit in the
existing single piping type, three to six indoor units are connected in themulti piping type.
In MULTI V MINI, up to nine indoor units can be connected to a singleoutdoor unit in case of 16kW capacity and various indoor units such asceiling cassette type, ART cool type and ceiling concealed duct type canbe selected according to the interior design and the use of rooms.
�
�
05HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
The Highest Energy Efficiency (COP) in the World among the Same Models 30 Percent Reduced Electricity Bill
B Company in Korea B Company in Korea
Cooling COP
Heating COP
3.63.8
2.5
3.5
11kW 14.5kW 16kW
6 97 8
� � � �
� � � �
�Units
In case of 16kW outdoor unit
Up to nine indoor units connectable with the single piping in case of 16kW outdoor unit
B Companyin Korea
8
06 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
The Most Freedom in Piping Deisgn in the WorldIn the existing single and multi piping products, the maximum length
of piping is about 50m and the maximum height difference betweenindoor unit and outdoor unit is about 7.5 to 30m. But in case of MULTIV MINI, the maximum length between indoor unit and outdoor unit isincreased to 150m and the total length of piping to 300m, while theinstallation can be done under the height difference of 50m.
Low Noise Operation for the Hot Summer NightsThe noise level of outdoor units are reduced to 52, 51, 50dB(A) each
for the capacity of 11, 14.5, 16kW, the lowest level in Korea, thanks tothe low vibration design of compressor and fan motors. The noise levelof competitors’ other models is about 57dB(A).
In addition, RPM of fan in the outdoor unit is controlled freelyaccording to the outdoor temperature with the night low noise operationfunction. In the cooling operation, the noise of outdoor unit can belowered to 40 to 46dB(A) with the changeable RPM of fan. Though thenight low noise operation function is cancelled in the heating operationconsidering the characteristics of the Korean outdoor weather in thewinter, it’s expected that the noise wouldn’t raise a problem as doors andwindows are generally shut tightly for the most time.
�
�
Strengthened Oil Return by Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling HeatExchanger
Summer Day Summer Night (Tropical Night)
The Longest Length and the Largest HeightDifference of Piping in the World among theSame Models
Applying the Plate Sub-Cooling Heat Exchanger
�The pressure dropsdue to refrigerantflowing reduced withthe additional securing
of liquid refrigerant through the sufficientsub-cooling.
�A new technology applying the first minisingle piping VRF system in Korea.
Oil Discharge Reduction
Realizing the control logic toprevent the over discharge ofcompressor oil in the high loadoperation.
New Oil Injection Mechanism
Applying the oiladditional supplymechanism under thecondition of low loadcompressor operation.
High Performance Oil Pump
Guaranteeing theconfidence and stabilityof high oil returndespite of the lowoutdoor temperature.
The Longest Piping Length fromoutdoor unit to indoor unit
150m
The Longest PipingLength after first branch
40m
Height Difference
50m
Total Piping Length : 300m
B Company in Korea
57dB(A) 50dB(A)
B Company in Korea
57dB(A) 40~46dB(A)
07HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Smaller and Lighter Outdoor UnitMULTI V MINI was developed with the emphasis on reducing the size
and weight of outdoor unit and, therefore, it makes possible to reduce itsinstallation space about 13 percents compared to the one of the sidedischarge type by B Company of Korea. Its weight also is lowered to122kg, the lowest level in Korea, which is 20 percent lighter than the oneby Company B (150kg).
Additional Function Related MaintenanceThe temperature and pressure sensors equipped on the indoor and
outdoor units are able to check automatically with a simple handling.When a troubled indoor unit is repaired, the additional function of pumpdown that retrieves the refrigerant in the unit and pipes to the inside ofoutdoor unit makes possible to save the refrigerant charging cost.Equipped with Failure Detection & Diagnosis (FDD) technology in theoutdoor unit, all operation data for three minutes prior to occurrence of atrouble are saved and make possible the quick and appropriate service.
Various and Convenient Network SolutionIt can be connected to the existing wired or wireless remote controller,
simple central controller, AC Smart, Advanced Control Platform (ACP)and home network. In case of a residential building, it can be controlledthrough a home server along with boiler, doorlock, etc. and the long-distance communication is also possible through the internet network andthe handheld phones.
�
�
�
B Company in Korea
Size (W×D×H)= 930×385×1,270mm
Size (W×D×H)= 950×330×1,380mm
Installation Space Reduced 13 Percent
Existing outdoor unit (other company)
LG Electronics’ new outdoor unit
0.36m2 (100%)
0.31m2 (87%)
Wired and WirelessController
16-room and 64-room CentralController
ACP/AC-Manager Home Network
16-room Controller
AC Smart Home pad
Advanced Control Platform
AC-Manager
08 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Commercial air-conditioners Using the Supercomputer
CAE Technology andApplication Cases
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) means engineeringpractices using the computer. Only twenty or thirty yearshave passed since CAE began to be used aggressively, butit is now widely used as most engineers and otherworkers rely on their computers and applying one or twoCAE techniques.
CAE has been mainly used in the aeronautic and space industry, inwhich it was introduced in its early years, and in the machinery industrylike automobiles and ships. Now it is used in almost all the fields includingthe design and structural analysis of buildings, noise and vibration analysis,the prediction of the chemical reactions, etc. and it has raised its perfectionmore and more every day. Using a computer gives you a conclusion thatcan be also achieved through the existing design methods. But it can bemore useful than any other experimental method as it offers varioussolutions with the least time and cost for various environments and designchanges.
<Figure 1> shows the flow state of air inside and outside of a building
<Figure 1> Various Flow Analysis Using the CFD
│ Technical Report│
09HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Tool and <Figure 2> shows
the noise analysis of a large space (stadium) with the Noise Analysis Tool.
But CAE has a limitation to imitate a natural phenomenon exactly as the
same as it uses methods for computers to calculate equations. However,
engineering predictions and application examples using the CAE has been
increasing more than ever.
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) means the generalprocess of analysis and interpretation, etc. using thecomputer. CAE reduces the test time and cost enormouslywith the simulation and includes CFD, noise analysis,vibration analysis, structural analysis, etc.
Using the CAE in the Commercial air-conditionersUsing the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners has been increased in
Korea ever since the introduction of Commercial air-conditioners. Now a
lot of CAE technology is used through the processes from the development
and manufacturing of products. Various CAE applications were used even
to the early residential window type air-conditioners. Here are some
examples of the building environment analyses and the installation space
analyses, which were done in the early design phase of a Commercial air-
conditioner, and the CAE applications and analysis which were done to
seek the solutions to various problems that might arise in the pre-operation
phase.
While the CAE is widely used in the fluid flux, noise and vibration in
air-conditioners, automobile and airplanes, structural dynamics of
buildings and bridges, and energy analysis, the application used in the field
of Commercial air-conditioner is focused on the analysis of fluid flux of
discharged air from air-conditioners and of noise from the products.
Generally the air-cooled air-conditioner uses as the main heat source the
heat transfer from the heat exchanger of indoor and outdoor units with a
forced flux of air by fan, so the air flux and heat transfer occur all the time,
and the performance of air-conditioner is influenced deeply from the
architectural environment. For manufacturers it is necessary to predict the
air flux discharged from indoors as well as outdoors and to seek the
responding methods, if necessary, because the air flux surrounding the
indoor and outdoor units is an important factor to influence the
performance and durability of products. To design an air-conditioner as in
<Figure 2> Noise Analysis of a Large Space
Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) is a
widely used tool for the
CAE.
<Figure 3>, they can predict the indoor flux distribution of discharge air
and the temperature distribution through the 3D modeling of an actually
designed model and, if those don’t satisfy the design standard, they can
change to a new design through the CFD interpretation.
Noise analysis is also very important to prevent noise the compressor
and fan of an air-conditioner generate, because it influences users and other
people a lot. Several examples of CFD and noise analysis that were
implemented by LG Electronics:
10 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
CFD makes possible to
value the flow analysis,
ventilation analysis,
noise analysis, air-
conditioning planning of
large space, etc. after
knowing the airflow
speed, humidity, density
of pollution, air staying
time, etc. in every point
of a room.
b. 3D Modeling
a. The Actual Space to Be Analyzed
c. Flux Distribution of Discharge Air
<Figure 3> Indoor Flux Analysis Using the CFD
d. Indoor Temperature Distribution
11HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
CAE Application ExamplesIn the beginning the CFD was only used to help some big construction
companies and overseas large projects due to the lack of knowledge about
it and the insufficient performance of hardwares. As the CFD results of
various cases have been accumulated and the high performance computing
machines have appeared to interpret the quick CFD, the CFD interpretation
is now offered not only in large projects but also in medium and small
ones.
As explained before, CFD’s first object is that the discharged and
returned airflow of indoor and outdoor units are made possible to see and
preview problems arising from them. It can offer from the design phase of
building until the time of Commercial air-conditioner installation the most
appropriate solutions to the calculation of proper capacity of outdoor unit,
the location of its installation, the proper arrangement of indoor units, etc.
As CFD is widely utilized, various types of the application examples can
be found. The most distinguished among them:
Design of the Outdoor Unit Room through the AirflowAnalysis of Its Inside and Outside in Apartments andCommercial-Residential Complexes
It has become a very important issue to preview the problems raised in
the air-conditioner outdoor unit room and about the discharge airflow and
to consult with construction companies or developers, as skyscraper
commercial-residential complexes and high-rising apartments seize the
most part of the new housing market. Along with this, the installation of
ventilation units are enforced by laws and regulations based on the
government policies to enhance the quality of indoor air and, accordingly,
not only the Commercial air-conditioner engineers but also general users
take their interest in the CFD.
The design of outdoor unit room through the airflow analysis of its insideand outside in apartments and commercial-residential complexes.
The analysis of indoor ventilation in apartments and commercial-residential complexes.
The noise analysis for group installation of outdoor units.
The air-conditioning design for a large space.●
●
●
●
With its MULTI V SPACE outdoor units that were designed to adapt to
skyscrapers and eco-V ventilation units, LG Electronics more than any
other manufacturer drives forward aggressively the CFD interpretation for
skyscrapers.
Generally, if there is the draft of air around a building, a stagnation point
appears about the sixty to eighty percent of its height on the side against
the wind and the direction of its blowing is divided into upward and
downward, rightward and leftward from the point, while the speed of wind
is weaken and large and small vortexes appear on the other side of
building. There will be positive pressure on the side against the wind and
negative pressure on the other side, where the re-inflow of air arises. Let’s
examine the phenomena according to the arrangement of buildings and the
patterns of their plans. <Figure 4> shows the airflow around a twin tower
type commercial-residential complex and <Figure 5> shows the airflow
caused by the draft around a building and the flow of discharge air from
the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units.
When the outdoor units are installed in the cabin of outdoor units within
a building, the decision on the minimum space of the cabin and its louver
size and the consultation with the architect would be necessary in the
planning stage to prevent problems from arising. One of the expected
problems is the one caused by the insufficient louver size for the smooth
flow of discharged air from the outdoor units. Its re-inflow and the rising
12 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
<Figure 4> Airflow Distribution around a Skyscrape
<Figure 5> The airflow around a skyscaper and the flow of discharge air from the MULTI V SPACE outdoor units
Inflow caused by thebuilding wind
Airflow around the building (speed) Flow of discharge air (temperature)
A row of outdoor unit rooms ofthe sixty-fourth to -sixth floors
temperature of the cabin can cause the deteriorated performance of outdoor
units and, in the worst case, the frequent stop of operation resulted by the
system protecting device with the high pressure sensor of outdoor units.
<Figure 6> shows the suction temperature of conventional outdoor units
before and after the expansion of louver in the same cabin and <Figure 7>
the flow vector to the cross section of an outdoor fan. In the cabin of
outdoor units the phenomenon of re-inflow of the discharged air to it is
found as the strong flow arises in the cross section of suction area because
of its narrowness and, as a result, the suction temperature of outdoor units
rises. In contrast, as the suction flow path is secured after the louver
expansion, the flow of discharged air and the suction inflow are separated
and the outdoor air inflow to the outdoor units becomes smooth. Suction
temperature is also kept about the same as the outdoor air temperature.
13HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Before the louver expansion After the louver expansion
After the louver expansion (inflow of outdoor air)
Before the louver expansion (re-inflow of discharged air)
<Figure 6> Distribution of suction temperature of outdoor units according to the size of louver
<Figure 7> The flow of air discharge from and suction to the outdoor units before and after louver expansion
In the Commercial air-
conditioner installation
site, optimized solutions
are suggested about the
estimation of proper
capacity of outdoor units
and the decision on the
installing places from
the planning stage of a
building until the com-
pletion of installation.
14 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
The normal operation of outdoor unit can’t be expected if the flow of
outdoor unit’s air discharge is disturbed by any fixture like mosquito nets
or punch plates as in <Figure 8a>. In such a case, after the simulation of
the various alternatives using the CFD, the addition of a simple air guide
can be suggested as a nice solution to improve the smooth flow the air
discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit as in <Figure 8b>. It is
confirmed in the CFD interpretation as in the <Figure 9>.
Analysis of the Indoor Ventilation in Apartment andResidential-Commercial Buildings
Sick building syndrome has been an issue since several years ago in
Korea and, accordingly, the general interest in the quality of indoor air has
been raised more and more every day. The Government made laws to
enforce the installation of ventilation units against the harmful ingredients
in the indoor air such as carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, volatile organic
compound, fine dirts, etc.
In case of ventilation units, it is possible the different quality of air as
well as ventilation air quantity appears in the interior zones according to
the location of diffusers, so using the CFD would offer an optimized
solution of ventilation.
<Figure 8> Analysis of the installing environment of outdoor unit
<Figure 9> Flow of the air discharge from and suction into the outdoor unit before and after the improvement
a. Before the improvement b. After the improvement
a. Cabin of outdoor unit before the improvement b. Cabin of outdoor unit after the improvement
The re-inflow ofdischarge air from
outdoor unitthrough the upperand lower parts is
displayed.
The re-inflow isprevented withthe addition ofair guide.
15HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
As in <Figure 10>, the process of selecting the optimized location of
diffusers through the visualization of distribution of polluting materials and
their discharge air flow according to their location with the CFD can be a
good technical data to impress general customers directly and to help
engineers. It would be more effective if the removing process of polluting
materials like carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, etc. according to the change of
time after the operation of ventilation units can be seen as in <Figure 11> and
the change of their location can be considered in the design complement.
<Figure 10> Ventilation air flow simulation in the unit household of an apartment building
<Figure 11> The thickness change of indoor carbon dioxide before, during and after the operation of ventilation units
d. Supply air flow of ventilation unitsc. The thickness distribution of indoorcarbon dioxide
b. 3D modelling of diffuser locationa. Location of ventilation units in the unithousehold
CO2
[ppm]
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
CO2
[ppm]
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
a. Before the operation b. During the operation c. After the operation
The CFD makes possible
to select the optimized
location of ventilation
units with the prior
estimation of the quality
of interior air in the
building through the
visualization of dis-
tribution of polluting
materials and diffuser
discharge air flow.
16 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Noise Analysis after the Collective Installation ofOutdoor Units
The collective installation of outdoor units can raise complaint from the
neighbors because of their noise. Currently the noise is regulated in Korea
with each limited level by day and at night on the border line of sites as in
<table 1>. If neighbors complain that the outdoor unit is located too close
to the border line or collective installation of units arises a lot of noise, you
should remove them and cannot install the unit at all in the worst case. To
prevent it from happening, noise analysis offers an opportunity to find a
satisfying solution. The noise analysis as in <Figure 12> can estimate the
noise level on the border line of sites and suggest a guide to install the anti-
noise wall or, as in <Figure 13>, suggest a design guide to minimize the
displeasure to passersby, offering the horizontal noise distribution.
<Figure 13> Horizontal noise analysis in the ollective installationof outdoor units
<Table 1> Noise-related laws and regulations in Korea
*Residential area, Greenery area, Community zone and Sport and Recreation zone in a quasi-cityarea, natural environment reservation area, and an area within 50m from the border line of sitesof school, hospital or public library.
*The general residential area and quasi-residential areabased on the article 15 of the ordinance of City PlanningLaw
●Noise and Vibration Regulating Law ● The Basic Ordinance of Environmental Policies
A
B
Area
Noise (Leq dB(A)) Vibration (Leq dB(V))
50
60
(05:00~08:00)
(18:00~22:00)
Day
(08:00~18:00)
Night
(22:00~05:00)
Day
(06:00~22:00)
Night
(22:00~06:00)
55
65
45
55
65
70
60
65
Area
Areadivision Area
Limited level (Leq dB(A))
A
B
C
D
Day(06:00~22:00)
50
55
60
70
Night (22:00~06:00)
40
45
55
65
<Figure 12> Noise analysis of neighboring spaces according to the collective installation ofoutdoor units
b. Plot plan of outdoor units and neighboring houses neighboring houses site borderlinea. Installed outdoor units
c. Noise analysis on the site borderline
* The result above was achieved onthe height of 1.5m from the ground.
◀
◀
Neighboring Houses
Site Borderline
17HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
In the air-conditioning planning of large spaces, it is necessary to lower the dischargeair from indoor units onto the floor. To do so, are there several methods. One is to securesufficient discharge speed with raising the quantity of discharge air per diffuser, and theother two are to enforce the circulation with the ceiling air supply and floor return and toprovide the natural circulation with the floor air supply and ceiling return.
Optimized Air-Conditioning Plannig of Large SpacesImportant considerations in the air-conditioning planning of large spaces
such as lobbies and auditoriums may be the smooth circulation of discharged
air from the ceiling in the time of heating operation. The density of air is
increased as the temperature falls as in <Figure 14>. As being the case, cool
air falls downward and warm air rises to the ceiling. Therefore, if the
temperature of discharged air from the indoor units is high and its flow speed
slow, the air cannot fall down to the floor but rise again as in <Figure 15>
and it cannot deliver the heating to the needed spaces.
It is necessary to lower the discharge air from indoor units onto the floor.
To do so, are there several methods. The simplest one is to secure
sufficient discharge speed with raising the quantity of discharge air per
diffuser, and the other two are to enforce the circulation with the ceiling air
supply and floor exhaust and to provide the natural circulation with the
floor air supply and ceiling exhaust. In case of sufficient floor space to
install supply diffuser the latter can be applied, but the former method is
used in the most case.
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.1
1.05
1
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
T1
p
<Figure 14> Density change according to the temperature <Figure 15> Density change according to thetemperature
18 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
<Figure 16> is an example of analysis to the lobby space with its ceiling
height of 7m. Securing the sufficient quantity of discharge air per diffuser
and using the product of high pressure concealed duct, the result shows
that it could be heated onto the floor without the rise of discharge air flow
as in b and c of <Figure 16>. <Figure 17> is an auditorium with its ceiling
height of about 18m and its capacity of 2,300 people and the space is
expected to raise a cooling problem for the occupancy load. The central
part of its ceiling is too complicate to install the diffusers and only its edge
can be used. The heating and cooling of the auditorium’s central part is
implemented by the discharge diffusers of AHUs, which were installed on
the its mezzanine. In addition, on the edge of the auditorium are free
standing FCUs, which is to remove the structure load as well as occupancy
load. <Figure 17> c and d show the temperature distribution of the cross
section and plane of the central part when cooling.
We have examined the various examples in which the CFD and Noise
Analysis are used as the CAE in the Commercial air-conditioners.
Considering the characteristics of Commercial air-conditioners that it is
difficult to test before the installation and to prove after, it is expected that
the CAE can be used as an optimum tool to offer the proper guidelines to
customers in the stages of design, construction, service, etc. for the
application of Commercial air-conditioners on the site.
Until now, the CAE has been used principally in the air-cooled
Commercial air-conditioners. LG Electronics will continue to offer the
high-grade HVAC solutions using the CAE in the expanded scope of
products like water source heat pump, AHU, geothermal heat pump, small
size co-gen product, etc.
c. Temperature distribution of the lobby’scentral cross section
b. Flow vector of the discharged air
7
0
3.0002.8002.6002.4002.2002.0001.8001.6001.4001.2001.0000.8000.6000.4000.2000.000
Velocity [m/s]
<Figure 17> Analysis of horizontal and vertical temperature when cooling the large-space auditorium
<Figure 16> Analysis of air flow and temperaturedistribution when heating a high-ceiling lobby
d. Temperature distribution of the horizontalplane
c. Temperature distribution of the vertical crosssection
b. 3D modellinga. Full view of the auditorium
a. 3D modelling of the lobby
19HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
Overseas News_Ⅰ▶▶
Mixing the World-Best with the World-First
Bus Shelters in Dubai
LG Air-Conditioners in the World-First Closed Bus Stopsof Dubai
Participating in the project of the world-first closed bus stops of Dubai,LG Electronics has been suppling Commercial air-conditioners. Dubai,the world-famous tourist hot spot, has a weather of the high-temperature(up to 50 degree Celcius in the hot summer days) and high-humidity (80percent). Inconvenient to use buses in such a weather, most people useautomobiles instead. Accordingly traffic jams become quite frequent andthe government of Dubai aggressively has begun to build the closed air-conditioning bus stops (AC bus shelters) for the promotion of masstransportation.
To Supply Air-Conditioners to the Total 815 Bus Stops tothe End of the Year
As of now 25 bus shelters have been installed with LG air-conditionersand the total of 815 shelters are to be to the end of the year. For theproject, LG Electronics proposed a top discharge type outdoor unit thatrelease the hot air through the top side of outdoor unit to avoidinconvenience to the passersby and proved the performance through theproduct test under the environment of the same temperature and humidityas in Dubai.
Global Attention to the Commercial air-conditioners ofLG Electronics
“The competition for participation was very fierce as the project wasexpected to have an important effect to enhance the brand imageglobally,” said Deputy general manager Ahn Hyok Sung (Chris Ahn) ofLG Electronics Dubai Subsidiary.
LG Electronics has been drawing an attention again from the world aswell as in Middle East with implementing the project. The Dubai’s ACbus shelters will secure the status of LG Electronics as the number one ofair-conditioner manufacturers in the world.
<Photo 1> Dubai’s bus shelter showing thelogo of LG Electronics
<Photo 2> The announcement of opening
<Photo 3> Concealed duct type indoor units
<Photo 4> Interior of Dubai’s bus shelter
20 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
LG Electronics Signed a Contract to Supply Commercialair-conditioners in Chile
LG Electronics Signed a contract to supply Commercial air-conditioners to the 32-story Territoria Multiplex building which is underconstruction in Santiago, Chile. Participating in the signing ceremony areExecutive Vice President Byun kyoung Hoon representative of LGElectronics in the region of Central and South Americas, Park Nam Ki,Subsidiary President of Chile, and President Eugenio Varela of Isidora3000, a construction company in Chile, among others. TerritoriaMultiplex is a landmark building which is to be filled with hotel, offices,department store, convention center, apartments, luxury restaurants, etc.
LG Commercial air-conditioners Cooling South AmericaAs commercial air-conditioners occupies more than 70 percent in the
Chilean market, LG Electronics is evaluated to secure an advantageousspearhead for the advance to the South American market with thiscontract. LG Electronics will supply the MULTI V SYNC model, theCommercial air-conditioner that can operate heating and coolingsimultaneously, and the model is to be introduced in Central and SouthAmericas for the first time in the world. The amount of supplied productswill be reaching to 2,060HP_(149 outdoor units and 890 indoor units).
LG Electronics’s Air-Conditioning Technology Spreadingto the World
It is the technology power of LG air-conditioners that makes it possibleto supply the Commercial air-conditioners of high grade specification tothe Central and South Americas. With this contract as its springboard,LG Electronics will strengthen the offensive to the market in the field ofCommercial air-conditioners, focusing on the regions of Europe andCentral and South Americas, where the change of temperature is abruptlylarge, and on the markets needing the complicate control of heating andcooling according to the spaces such as hotels, hospitals, etc., which areused by various people.
Executive Byun Kyoung Hoon, represen-tative of LG Electronics in the region ofCentral and South Americas (left) andPresident Eugenio Varela of Isidora 3000(right).
Hotel Territoria 3000 of Chile
Overseas News_Ⅱ▶▶
LG Whisen’s Wind Blowing in ChileChilean Subsidiary Participating in the Project of Territoria 3000, the Highest GradeLandmark Hotel in the Country
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●Name of Site : Uniqlo (24-11, Chungmuro 1 Ga, Jung-gu, Seoul)●Main Use : Clothing store● Size of Building : 5-story● Total Space : 3,762 square meter (except machinery room and rooftop)●Date of Completion : December 2007● Period of Installation : About 80 days●Applied System : MULTI V PLUS 220HP
Outdoor units : 10 units including LRP-N4605D (KOREAN Model)Indoor units : Wall Mounted LRD-N325R 3 units
1 Way LRD-N235C and others 17 units4 Way LRD-N605T and others 58 unitsSingle Type Heat Pump System / Cooler 2 units
Heat Recovery Unit : LZ-H1002SB and others 21 units ● Remarks : Remodelling site●Air-Conditioning Design Supervision : Hangyeong MEC Co., Ltd. Tel. 02-933-7500
A-702, Hagyeo Techno Town 250-3, Hagyeo-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul●Air-Conditioning Construction : Digital Air-Conditioning International Tel. 031-557-6666
533, Gawun-dong, Nam-yangju, Gyeonggi-do
Fashion Leader in Korea
Myeong-dong Store ofUNIQLO
Myeong-dong, downtown of Seoul, is crowded with more than 1.5 million people a dayall day long. The former Myeong-dong Clothing Building, once a symbol of Myeong-dong,where luxury fashion stores stand in a continuous row, was born again in December 14,2007, as Uniqlo, a new fashion brand created by FRL Korea Co., Ltd. The store of Uniqlowith sales space of 2,300 square meters boasts the second largest size among its storesin Asia and the largest building of a single brand clothing store in Korea. The five-storybuilding is composed of shops of casuals, ladies’ wear, gentlemen’s wear, and kids’ wearfrom the first to the fourth floors and office spaces of FRL on the fifth floor.
SITE SKETCH-KOREA
22 HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
<Photo 1> 4 way cassette type installed in the casuals shops on the first floor
<Photo 2> The ACP Combined Control Manage-ment System
Difficulties Raised in the Stage of Air-ConditioningDesign
Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo was born again as a large andcomfortable shopping space with the sensual interior, but it raiseddifficulties from the stage of air-conditioning planning. Considering thecharacteristics of remodelling site and the very low height of ceiling, theconstruction of pre-piping and pre-drainage was expected to be veryhard. Accordingly the thorough site research and the design for theindoor piping construction were implemented with a lot of endeavor afterthe careful preparation.
Difficult Pre-Piping InstallationAs it was hard to install the drain piping because of the too low ceiling
height, the design was concentrated on the problem. Furthermore, theceiling height was different everywhere, so the height of piping lost thebalance. Inevitably the piping installation of each unit should be doneseparately, since water could leak if the balance was lost. The installation
Myeong-dong Store of Uniqlo is a large-scale clothing store which uses four floors of a 5-story building (the fifth floor is the office of its headquarters). Totol capacity of cooling is220HP, with MULTI V PLUS 176HP on the 1st to 4th floors and MULTI V PLUS 44HP on the5th floor applied respectively.
23HVAC Monthly Magazine│ Vol.3
<Photo 3> Wall mounted type installed on the fifth office floor <Photo 4> Outdoor Unit Installation
<Photo 5> Wired Remote Controller installed on the wall <Figure 1> Floor plan of ventilation ducts between kids’ wear shops on the fourth floor andfifth office floor
took a long time as a lot of pipes couldn’t becombined but each should be installed separately.
Considerations When Designing the Air-Conditioning Solution
Considering much flowing of people in the areaand its capacity as a large-scale shopping space,sufficient loads were reflected on the planning. Inaddition, heat recovery ventilation units wereinstalled to supply the comfortable air and theywould be used to do the fresh-air cooling in theseasons of spring and fall without operating Air-conditioner.
Efficient Heating and Cooling, Comfor-table Shopping Space
Based on the MULTI V PLUS Heating andCooling System which enables to connect variousindoor units to an outdoor unit, 4 way cassette typeindoor units were installed on each floor for theefficient heating and cooling operation. Particularlyin the lounge of the fifth floor office, where visitorsincluding VIPs come and go frequently, MULTI V
wall mounted type indoor units were installed to beharmonized with its interior design. As its ventilationsystem, 21 heat recovery units were installed andthey provide the clean and comfortable shoppingspace with their functions of indoor-outdoorexchange of temperature and humidity, soundinsulation (noise interception) and improvement ofindoor air quality.
Installation and Operation the ACPCombined Control Management System
In a corner of Myeong-dong Store is a room tomonitor and control the operation of air-conditionersin the building wholly as well as separately with theACP combined control management system. Atechnician is stationed there all the time to monitorthe operation of each air-conditioner and to controloperation mode, air flow, user lock, temperaturesetting, etc. In addition, the total control of heatingand cooling in the building wholly, combined controlof units on each floor, the schedule control thatoperates indoor units according to the preset scheduleand the peak control for the reduction of powerconsumption are used efficiently.
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Kim Min Hwan Chief, Installation Team / Digital Air-Conditioning International
How long have you worked in the field of design andInstallation of air-conditioning?Twenty years have passed since I started to work with President MoonHan Gyeong (of Digital Air-Conditioning International). I have met a lotof customers and colleagues in various construction sites during theyears.
What do you think was the most difficult problem inthe installation of this project?The ceiling height was too low-lower than any other site I know.Furthermore, the height was different everywhere, so it was impossibleto install the pipes combinedly. We had to do it separately one indoorunit at a time. Piping and drainage construction was the hardest thing.
What was the most satisfying work?Though the work for the fifth floor was hard, it was the most memorablework to me. It took two or three days to install the wall mounted typeonto the tile walls alone. I was thrilled to see the completed space afterthe hard work.
Park Sang Min Manager, Sales Team / Hangyeong MEC
Was there an episode you remember during theconstruction? As a subsidiary of Digital Air-Conditioning International, we wereconfident of our knowhow and ability of installation and there was fewdifficulty in installation itself. But a problem was to move the products.We had to move them calling a large crane in the early morningbecause the crowd surrounding the site made impossible to do so inany other time, but the police saw us blocking the road and ordered tomove away. We appealed and managed to get their permission.
How is the maintenance of Commercial air-conditioner implemented after its installation?We offer the maintenance contract to the customers after theinstallation. According to the terms and conditions of the contract wewill provide an annual or case by case service of filter cleaning andothers. Customers are also recommended to contract with SAE, theservice and maintenance company exclusively for LG Commercial air-conditioners in Korea.
What do you think about the future?We have been installing LG Commercial air-conditioners mainly forschools. I think we will expand the scope of business more actively forhospitals, office buildings, other large-scale high-rise buildings, etc. inthe future.
Jeong Yong Seong Manager, Store Design and Construction Team / Uniqlo
What is the reason why Myeong-dong Store of Uniqloinstalled LG Commercial air-conditioner?It is known that LG Electronics has been developing new products ofcommercial Commercial air-conditioner with the enthusiastic researchand investment. We selected LG Commercial air-conditioner becauseits operation cost would be comparably low, the heating and coolingwould be automatically controlled with PC and the maintenance andcaring of outdoor units would be convenient.
What do you think is the merits of LG Commercial air-conditioner?It is possible to minimize the maintenance personnel as the air-conditioners are controlled with PC. Accordingly personnel expensescan be reduced a lot. Another big merit, I think, is the distinctly reducedelectricity bill as it has the peak control function to control the peak usein the summer and the winter.
Myeong-dong Store of UNIQLO M I N I I N T E R V I E W
“Order-Made Installationfor the Convenience of Customers”
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Chief Kim Min Hwan, Manager Jeong Yong Sung andManager Park Sang Min (from left)
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