For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 1
October 8, 2016
LED Lighting: Energy and Beyond
LED Lighting: Energy and Beyond
Jon Zelinsky, P.E. and Dan Blitzer, LC, FIESPhilips Lighting
This session is eligible for 2 Continuing Education and 2 Contact Hours.
For these hours to appear on your certificate, you must:– Have your badge scanned at the door– Attend 90% of this presentation– Fill out the online evaluation for this session
1
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 2
October 8, 2016
Lighting Drives Business Development
Lighting as a catalyst for developing new business
• Energy savings in terms of demand and consumption
• Elevate your expertise with your customer
• Making yourself relevant and forward looking
• Manage risk for your customer and your business
2
Lighting Drives Innovation
• Smarter office, improved decision making, better working environment for your customers
• Drive business model innovation for you and your customers
3
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 3
October 8, 2016
Changing How Your Customers See You With Light
4
Overview
• Introduction
• What lighting costs
• What lighting does . . . and can do
• Benchmarking LED systems
• Integrating lighting controls
• What lighting can do for you
5
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 4
October 8, 2016
6
Energy and BeyondEnergy and Beyond
What Lighting CostsConstruction Perspective
7
Design
Material
Labor
Logistics
Modifications
Profit
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 5
October 8, 2016
8
Material
Labor
Energy
Disposal
What Lighting CostsOperating Perspective
The Environmental Footprint
9
InstantFit LED T8 System
29W*105 LPW
50000 hrs RAL0.0 mg Hg
Best Practice Today
High Performance T8 System
38W*100 LPW
36000 hrs RAL1.7 mg Hg
Good Five Years Ago
Typical ElectronicT8 System
51W*82 LPW
24000 hrs RAL6-8 mg Hg
Good Ten Years Ago
Typical Magnetic T12 System
72W*65 LPW
25000 hrs RAL9 mg Hg
Twenty Years Ago
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 6
October 8, 2016
The Total Cost of Ownership
10
Based on a 2‐lamp systemoperating 24/7 for 12 yearselectricity cost of $.11 per KWHplanned maintenance
InstantFit LEDT8 System
$596
High Performance T8 System
$662
Older ElectronicT8 System
$848
Typical Magnetic T12 System
$947
Analyzing TCOO
11
ENERGY 66%
MATERIAL 19%
LABOR 14%
DISPOSAL 1%
TCOO MagT12
Old T8
HPT8
LEDT8
Material 3% 14% 19% 32%
Electricity 88% 69% 66% 56%
Labor 8% 16% 14% 11%
Disposal 1% 1% 1% <1%
TCOO $947 $848 $662 $596
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 7
October 8, 2016
What Lighting Does
12
Productivity
Image
Well‐being
Safety
Lighting for Visual Performance
13
Illumination
Comfort
Stimulation
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 8
October 8, 2016
Lighting for Emotional Response
14
Image
AtmosphereSomething New
Lighting for Circadian Response
15
Alertness
Energy Sleep/Wake
Relaxation
HealthcareEducation
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 9
October 8, 2016
Lighting for Information
16
The Edge Building
Asset Management
Fully Connected
Granular Control
User Experience
The Opportunity
Do more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself
17
Lighting quality
Maximum energy savings
Lighting beyond illumination
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 10
October 8, 2016
18
Benchmarking LED Systems
The Key Issues
19
Light output and efficacy
Color and consistencyLife and reliability
Control
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 11
October 8, 2016
Changing the Photometry Rules
20
LED Luminaire
FLR Luminaire
Absolute for LEDMeasures luminaire outputMeasures power inputCalculates efficacy (LPW)Efficiency is not used
Relative for ConventionalMeasures lamp outputMeasures luminaire outputCalculates efficiency (%)Efficacy: source LPW x efficiency
Integrating SphereGoniophotometer
Light Output and Efficacy
21
LED Luminaire
FLR Luminaire
Luminaire output: 4200 lumens
Input power: 38 watts
Luminaire efficacy: 110 LPW
Equal light output
32% less power
47% higher efficacy
Lamp lumens: 2800 (2)
Ballast Factor: .88
Fixture Efficiency: 85%
Luminaire output: 4188 lumens
Input Power: 56 watts
Luminaire efficacy: 75 LPW
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 12
October 8, 2016
FLR Soft Light LED Soft LightFLR Parabolic
Lumen
s
Lumen
sLumen
s
3000 Luminaire Lumen
s 7000
Louver
Basket
Diffuser
Diffuser
50 LPW Luminaire Efficacy 120 LPW
Light Output and Efficacy
22
Efficacy in Typical LED Luminaires
23
Linear Low Bay125‐150 LPW
High Bay90‐130 LPW
Site & Area100‐125 LPW
Downlight80‐110 LPW
Troffer110‐135 LPW
Pendant100‐130 LPW
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 13
October 8, 2016
Replacing IncandescentLumens, not watts!
24
800 lumen A Lamps
60W 13W 13W12W10W9W
650 lumen BR30 Lamps
65W 16W13W10W9W
Savings
85%
Replacing HalogenLumens and Intensity, not watts!
25
3200 lumen PAR38 FL 2100 lumen MR16 NFL
250W 32W 50W 7W
Savings
86%
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 14
October 8, 2016
Replacing FluorescentSavings depend on the luminaire
26
3‐F32T8/741.88 IS EB90 System Watts
3‐LEDT8/840.88 IS EB54 System Watts
Savings
40%
What is Life?
27
Rated Average Life
Criteria and methods
They are not all the same
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 15
October 8, 2016
Failure in Conventional Lamps
28
Filament evaporates from heat and breaks
Starting emission material sputters off cathode
Inside an LED
29
No fragile parts! Lumen depreciation
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 16
October 8, 2016
Failure Points in an LED System
30
LED Array
Driver
Optics
Connections
Predicting Lumen Maintenance
31
100 %
90 %
80 %
70 %
60 %
50 %
1,000
6000 hrsMinimum test period
10,000 100,000
Reported TM 21L85 @ 60,000 Hrs
CalculatedL70 @ 105,000 hrs
Hours
Luminous Flux
Tj @ 63CTj @ 74C
Smoothed test points
Extrapolated curve
Chip data is correlatedto expected luminaire temperature
Data are illustrative only
Reported TM 21L70 @ 20,000 Hrs
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 17
October 8, 2016
Lumen Maintenance @ 50,000 Hrs.
32
General Area Recessed and Pendant Luminaires Recognized by NGL 2014‐15
.70‐.80
80‐.88
> .95
17%
24%
12%
.88‐.95
47%
33
Non‐replaceable components Replaceable components
Separate components
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 18
October 8, 2016
Driver Life
34
High quality replaceable drivers are typically rated at 50,000 hours (within temperature limits)
Life depends on the number and durability of all of these components and connections!
Everything varies!
35
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 19
October 8, 2016
Everything Varies
36
Standard or Normal distribution
Life (hours)
Quantity Average value
MEDIAN
MEAN
Risk Factors
37
TemperatureOver‐voltage operation
Frequent Starting
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 20
October 8, 2016
Life Ratings of Some Typical Products
38
1‐5000 hrs
6‐12000 hrs
12‐16000 hrs
20‐60000 hrs
40‐50000 hrs
15‐50000 hrs
40‐80000 hrs
Ratings vary by type
The Color in White LED’s
White LED’s use phosphor conversion
Energy from the blue LED “pump” shifts in wavelength
Blue pump + converted light = white
39
Cool White 4000K Warm White 3000K
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 21
October 8, 2016
Color Temperature
Color Temperature expresses the “tone” of whiteness, from warm to cool
40
CCT = 30152200
6500
2700
3000
5000
Tight binning within 3 MacAdam Ellipses
ANSI Bins include 7 MacAdam
Ellipses
Advanced LED chip
Color Consistency
41
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 22
October 8, 2016
CRI rates a light source on 8 color samples against a reference of the same CCT.CRI of 100 (maximum) means a perfect match with the reference source.
Test source 3000K LED
ReferenceBBR 3000K
Color Rendering Index
42
LED vs. Incandescent
43
Tone . . . Yes
Color . . . Not exactly
Beam . . . Not exactly
That depends . . .Which LED’sApplicationObject colorsDimming
Do they “match”? Will you “like” LED?
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 23
October 8, 2016
LED vs. Fluorescent
44
Tone . . . Yes
Color . . . Not exactly
Beam . . . Not exactly
That depends . . .Which LED’sApplicationObject colorsDimming
Do they “match”? Will you “like” LED?
45
Integrating Controls
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 24
October 8, 2016
Drivers for Controls
46
You have to: codes require controls
It pays to: controls reduce energy cost
You want to: adjust lighting to improve HABI
BUILDING STANDARDS
TITLE 24
Codes and Controls
47
90.1‐1999
90.1‐2001
90.1‐2004
90.1‐2007
90.1‐2010
ExteriorSetback
ExteriorSetback
AutomaticDaylight
AutomaticDaylight
Light Reduction
Light Reduction
Vacancy Sensor
Vacancy Sensor
Exterior Photocell
Exterior Photocell
OccupancySensor
OccupancySensor
SpaceControl
Space Control
Auto Shut Off
Auto Shut Off
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 25
October 8, 2016
Energy Code AdoptionFrom Building Codes Assistance Project (1‐1‐2015)
48
90.1‐2013 (2)90.1‐2010 (16)90.1‐2007 (24)90.1‐2004 (13)No current code (11)
Controls and Standard 90.1
• Automatic Shut Off– Occupancy, Time‐Schedule, or Signal– Zones < 25000 SF or one floor
• Space Control– Manual‐On (Vacancy) sensors in selected spaces– Light reduction setting between 30‐70% of full (exceptions)– Zoned < 2500 SF (Spaces up to 10,000 SF) – Hotel/motel must be controlled at entry
• Daylighting Control– Top lighting and side lighting (retail exempt)– Multi‐level 50‐70% and < 35% (including OFF)
• ILPA increases for additional controls
49
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 26
October 8, 2016
Mood & Atmosphere Task Tuning Energy Saving
Multi‐scene dimmingColor Tuning
Visual Light CommunicationTwo‐Way Data
Multi‐scene dimmingIndividual dimming
Occupancy‐basedTime‐basedMulti‐levelDaylight harvestingLumen maintenanceLoad shedding
Objectives and Strategies
50
Beyond Illumination
Control Narrative
51
Control Method• Manual
• Automatic
• Overrides
Connectivity• Stand alone
• Independent network
• Connected network
MethodEffect
Manual Automatic
On/Off Switch Occupancy Sensor
Variable Dimmer Daylight Harvesting
Control Effect• On/Off• Variable
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 27
October 8, 2016
Dimming LED Lamps
52
AC Power is theDimming Signal to the driver
DC power for reduced output
to LED’s
Dimmer Driver LED Array
60%
Pulse Width Modulation controls voltage to the LED reducing output
40%
Incandescent or “Forward Phase” dimmer. High inrush current at each cycle affects electronics
Electronic Low Voltage (ELV) or “Reverse Phase dimmer.Low inrush current favors electronics
Dimming LED Luminaires
53
AC PowerDC power for reduced output
to LED’sDimmer
with on/off control
Driver LED Array
Control signal0‐10VDALIDMX
60%
Pulse Width Modulation controls voltage to the LED reducing output
40%
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 28
October 8, 2016
Dimming Fluorescent
54
Ballast reduces the arc current to reduce UV emission and light output
Ballast maintains filament current to prevent emitter depletion and maintain lamp life
Control Protocols
55
Protocol Typical Application Strengths/Weaknesses
Phase control Retrofit lamps and residential luminaires
+ Convenience‐ Compatibility/performance
Powerline Retrofit of switched loads + Convenience‐ Limited options
0‐10V Standard for LED driversWall box or panel systems
+ Familiarity, material cost‐ Installation cost, performance
DALI Basic digital for architecturalcontrol
+ Easy to reconfigure, less labor‐ Higher material cost than 0‐10V
DMX Basic digital for entertainment applications
+ Fast response, multiple channels‐ Not yet widely used in architecture
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 29
October 8, 2016
Stand Alone ControlSimple presence detection
56
Load
SensorSwitch/Relay
Wall boxSensor/Power Pack
Wireless
Auto ON Auto OFF
“Occupancy”
Manual ONAuto OFF“Vacancy” Passive Infrared (PIR)
UltrasonicMultiple Technology
Daylight sensor
Multi‐element
lens
IR detector
Relay
IC chip
Control board
PIR requires line of sightThey are small and economical
Gateways
Manager
Apps
Dashboard
BMS
Fully Networked System
57
Cabinet Load Controllers
Network interfaceSensorsKeypads/Screen
Network protocol
Lighting Loads
Control protocol
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 30
October 8, 2016
The Gap in Control Applications
58
Private OfficesStand‐alone controlsVacancy with Photocell
Conference RoomsMulti‐scene systemsZones and interfaces
Open OfficesLargely ON all the time todayWhy is so much space uncontrolled?
LIMITED SAVINGSZoned sensors leave all lights on when a little space is occupied
COSTLYDesign, equipment, wiring, commissioning reduce the ROI
DAYLIGHT DIFFICULTYDelivering promised performance has been disappointing
DISCOMFORTFixture sensors pop on and off; occupants work in a pool of light
The Challenge in Open Offices
59
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 31
October 8, 2016
Integrated, Smart Control Schematic
60
Controller with wireless connection
Smart controller with pre‐programmed, application‐specific algorithmic performance
Individual, embedded PIR presence detector and photosensor
Wireless mesh communication
Dimming driver
Automatic Granular Dimming
61
Arrival: the group of luminaires turns on to background level
Work time: as occupants settle down lights dim up to task level
Intermittent vacancy: as workers move away, their lights dim down
End of day: when the group area is entirely empty lights turn off
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 32
October 8, 2016
Combined Energy Savings75% is realistic for many applications
62
LED Technology100 + LPW
Reduces power 40‐60%
Wireless ControlsOccupancy + DaylightReduces energy 40‐60%
Combined75% energy savings
Existing Energy Consumption
Tunable White Lighting Three Approaches
63
Incandescent Emulation
Special LED arrays dim intensity and warm the color at the same time, ideal for hospitality applications.
Mainstream
This system controlswarm and cool LEDs
separately for independent control of color and intensity.
High Performance
Four channels (RGBW) and sophisticated
control provide precise color points and special colored‐light effects.
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 33
October 8, 2016
Two‐Channel Tunable White
64
Separate control of intensity and color
6500K
2700K
Tunable White Luminaires
65
LED array with addressablewarm and cool emitters
Luminaires with arrays using both warm and cool LEDs, dual drivers and digital control
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 34
October 8, 2016
Circadian RhythmLight affects our physiology . . . Independently of the visual system
66
Biological “clock”Sleep/wakeAlertnessImmune systems
Melatonin and Cortisol
67
Melatonin is absent/low during daytime, dim‐light melatonin
onset starts ~9pm and is measured in saliva or blood, its
major metabolite can be measured in morning urine.
Cortisol is the “alertness” hormone, it rises during the day
and falls at night.
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 35
October 8, 2016
Tunable White in PracticeDosage and Applications
Dosage Parameters• How much light• Exposure time• When you receive the light during the day• Spectral content up of light
Applications • Sleep regulation• Senior living • Classrooms• Conference areas
68
Enhanced control• Precise color points• BBL tracking• Dynamic color
Four‐Channel Tunable White
69
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 36
October 8, 2016
Incandescent Emulation
• Special LED with white and amber chips
• Closer to incandescent than standard LED
• Color and intensity dim together
70
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
0%20%40%60%80%100%
WarmGlow Incandescent
Connected Lighting SystemsDrivers and benefits of two‐way communication
• Workplace flexibility
• Spatial optimization
• System efficiency
• Sustainability
71
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 37
October 8, 2016
A digital ceiling
infrastructure as
pathway for
information
Every mobile
phone a personal
service portal,
location based
Indoor positioning
for advanced in
context information
and indoor navigation
Wide range of
sensors to learn
from the indoor
environment
Imagine . . .
72
Personal control of lightVia smartphones to suit users’ tasks and preferences, even in open plan offices
WayfindingLighting system can act as an indoor positioning grid, enabling users to find empty meeting rooms
via an appBuilding usage dataLighting fixtures provide occupancy data that facilitymanager can use to increase energy efficacy
First floor
Second floorGround floor
What Connected Lighting Can Do
73
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 38
October 8, 2016
Server lighting
Envision Manager front‐end software
Interfaces (APIs)
RouterGatewayPoE switchLuminairewith sensor
Location
Commissioning
Owned by the tenant / facility managerOwned by property owner/developer
Personal control app (PCA)
Analytics and optimizationFunctional infrastructure
BMS interfaceDynalite
(Hybrid)
Wireless(2016)
Complementary solutions
How it All Connects
74
PoE Downlight
EnvisionGateway
EnvisionManagerPCA
(personal control application)
ActiLume LRI1663 Sensor
PoE Troffer
JACE box (optional)
Router
POE Switch
System Components
75
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 39
October 8, 2016
Visible Light Communication
• Communicates data through the light itself
• More accurate positioning using ‘highly granular’ lighting grid
• Office workers control lighting and comfort levels via a smartphone app
76
Visible Light Communication
77
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 40
October 8, 2016
What Lighting Can Do for YOUDo more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself
78
Lighting qualityMaximum energy savings
Lighting beyond illumination Business Development
What Lighting Can Do for YOUDo more for your customer, build relationships, distinguish yourself
79
Find the right partner with the expertise to elevate your business that elevates your value to your customer
For Reference of NECA 2016 Boston Attendees Only 41
October 8, 2016
Recap and Questions
• Introduction
• What lighting costs
• What lighting does . . . and can do
• Benchmarking LED systems
• Integrating lighting controls
• What lighting can do for you
• Questions?
80
Thank you
Don’t forget…
• 10:15 ‐ 11:30 am Opening General Session with Doris Kearns Goodwin
• 11:30 am ‐ 5:00 pm NECA Show Hours
Visit us in booth #1301