About MeAbout Me
Geography MajorComputer Science Minor
Geography MajorComputer Science Minor
OutlineOutline
Data Types/ModelsData SourcesMap TypesDemos
Data Types/ModelsData SourcesMap TypesDemos
Tools of the TradeTools of the Trade
Cartographic SoftwareArcMapOther
(uDig, QGIS, GRASS)
“Mapping” Libraries/ToolsGoogle Earth, Google Maps,
OpenLayers
Cartographic SoftwareArcMapOther
(uDig, QGIS, GRASS)
“Mapping” Libraries/ToolsGoogle Earth, Google Maps,
OpenLayers
Data ModelsData Models
Two primary data models used when making mapsRaster DataVector Data
Two primary data models used when making mapsRaster DataVector Data
Raster DataRaster Data
Consists of discrete cells (think graph paper) Each cell has a discrete valueOccur in rows and columns
ExamplesImages (all image types)DEM
Consists of discrete cells (think graph paper) Each cell has a discrete valueOccur in rows and columns
ExamplesImages (all image types)DEM
Vector DataVector Data
Each position is represented by coordinates
Coordinates are connected to form lines or polygons
Points, lines and polygons are then used to represent geographic features
ExamplesShapefile
Each position is represented by coordinates
Coordinates are connected to form lines or polygons
Points, lines and polygons are then used to represent geographic features
ExamplesShapefile
Points, Lines, PolygonsPoints, Lines, Polygons
Data SourcesData Sources
US Census BureauNot just population data Generalized Boundary Data
ESRITIGER/LINENED DataFEMA Q3 Flood Data
USGSSEAMLESS Distribution
US Census BureauNot just population data Generalized Boundary Data
ESRITIGER/LINENED DataFEMA Q3 Flood Data
USGSSEAMLESS Distribution
Data Sources (cont’d)Data Sources (cont’d)
NYS GIS Clearing HouseMembership requiredWide variety of data
CUGIRNYS and National dataFree, huge variety
CIGARWorldwide Elevation Data
Columbia University EDSElectronic Data Service
NYS GIS Clearing HouseMembership requiredWide variety of data
CUGIRNYS and National dataFree, huge variety
CIGARWorldwide Elevation Data
Columbia University EDSElectronic Data Service
Data Sources (cont’d)Data Sources (cont’d)
Geography NetworkAggregates data from different
providersOnline Map Server Available
Geography NetworkAggregates data from different
providersOnline Map Server Available
Data QualityData Quality
Meta DataData about the dataAll legitimate providers will provide
thisAvailable for download or online
viewing
Meta DataData about the dataAll legitimate providers will provide
thisAvailable for download or online
viewing
Map TypesMap Types
Thematic MapsNot reference maps
Four main typesChoropleth MapProportional MapIsarithmic Map (contour)Dot Map
Thematic MapsNot reference maps
Four main typesChoropleth MapProportional MapIsarithmic Map (contour)Dot Map
Choropleth MapChoropleth Map
Shaded AreasThe “color” of the shade varies based
on measurement of our variable
Shaded AreasThe “color” of the shade varies based
on measurement of our variable
Isarithmic MapIsarithmic Map
Also known as Contour MapsWe draw lines to
connect separate variables that have the same value
Also known as Contour MapsWe draw lines to
connect separate variables that have the same value
Proportional Symbol MapProportional Symbol Map
Uses symbolsThe size of the
symbol varies according to the variable
Uses symbolsThe size of the
symbol varies according to the variable
Dot Density MapDot Density Map
Uses dotsSize is uniform,
but the concentration represents changes in the variable
Uses dotsSize is uniform,
but the concentration represents changes in the variable
CartogramsCartograms
Are NOT mapsArea is not preservedArea of the geographic regions varies by
variable
Two primary typesArea
Area gets larger or smaller depending on the variable
DistanceNodes or places can be closer or farther depending on
realtive distance
Are NOT mapsArea is not preservedArea of the geographic regions varies by
variable
Two primary typesArea
Area gets larger or smaller depending on the variable
DistanceNodes or places can be closer or farther depending on
realtive distance
CartogramCartogram
File FormatsFile Formats
ShapefileA collection of points, lines and polygonsTabular data values assocated with each
DEMRaster data, each cell represents
elevationComes in different resolutions
ShapefileA collection of points, lines and polygonsTabular data values assocated with each
DEMRaster data, each cell represents
elevationComes in different resolutions
Demo Time!Demo Time!
Gathering DataConverting Data
GeocodingGetting Data Into Arc Map
Making a MapArcMapGoogle EarthGoogle Maps/OpenLayer
Gathering DataConverting Data
GeocodingGetting Data Into Arc Map
Making a MapArcMapGoogle EarthGoogle Maps/OpenLayer