8323
0045
-PR
P-T
AS
-EN
-003
ICAO RPAS SymposiumMontreal - March 24th 2015
5GHz Based C2 Link System
24/03/2015
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
2015, Thales Alenia Space
C2 Link System within the RPAS Architecture
24/03/2015
2
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
RLOS C2 link
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Gateway
ATC Center
Terrestrial Station
BRLOS C2 link
ATC Back-up
STANDARDIZED
MOPS/MASPS
Ground-Ground Network
2015, Thales Alenia Space
5GHz Based C2 Link System – Frequency Spectrum
61 MHz exclusively allocated worldwide to civil aviation services:Terrestrial & Satellite CommunicationMicrowave Landing System: hardly used for 30 years
Low rain attenuation � all-weather operation with low cost and low SWaP (Size Weight and Power) omni airborne terminalJust above the band used for military C3 (terrestrial), 4.4 – 4.9 GHz: dual equipment opportunity
24/03/2015
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
A global and unified C2 link capability offering through a single equipment an universal access to all civil airspace classes worldwide
MHzAeronautical Radio Navigation
Aeronautical Mobile (en Route)Satellite
Radio Navigation Satellite
Fixed Satellite (Feeder ↑)Aeronautical Mobile (en Route)
Airport surfaceAeronautical Mobile
5000 51505030 5091
WiMax airport
Flight tests
MLS core MLS ext.
AMS(R)S ↑↓
GalileoGlobalstar, ICO
↑ ↔ ↓
Aeronautical Mobile (en Route) AM(R)S ↑↓
3
2015, Thales Alenia Space
5GHz Based C2 Link System - Architecture
24/03/2015
4
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
5GHz
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Gateway
5GHz
Compact & Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Airborne Terminal
Ground-Ground Network
5GHzTerrestrial Station
Aerodrome5GHz Terrestrial Station Urban Area
2015, Thales Alenia Space
5GHz Based C2 Link System – Example of Coverage
24/03/2015
5
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
2015, Thales Alenia Space
24/03/2015
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
Simple: no diplexer, no pointing mechanism, simple protocol stackLow Size, Weight and Power compatible with light dronesSmall antenna footprint, no accommodation constraint wrtGNSS receiverHybrid Satellite/Terrestrial
Unique Antenna UnitUnique Main Radio Unit (with both waveforms)
Possible integration in a dual use terminal (5GHz + 4.4-4.9 GHz) � single equipment for military and civil airspace
Hybrid terrestrial/satellite airborne terminal + dual use opportunity � Satellite connectivity without any additional hardware
Example of existing aero C-band antenna (ANTCOM)
5cm (W) x 13cm (L) x 8cm (H)150g
5GHz Based C2 Link System – Airborne Terminal 6
2015, Thales Alenia Space
24/03/2015
A single airborne terminal To access civil airspace worldwide for both Line of Sight and Beyond Line of Sight operationsCompatible with light dronesProviding back-up link for military drones on theaters of operations
A high offered system capacity, enabling a long term strategy
A simple system, easing the certification
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
5GHz Based C2 Link System – Summary of Key Assets7
2015, Thales Alenia Space
C2 Link System Boundaries – Architecture Perspective
24/03/2015
8
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Gateway
ATC Center
BRLOS C2 link
ATC Back-up
Airborne C2 Link Terminal
Airborne C2 Link Terminal
RLOS C2 link
Terrestrial Station
Ground-Ground Network
2015, Thales Alenia Space
C2 Link System Boundaries – Protocol Layer Perspective
24/03/2015
9
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
Autopilot & Pilot
Instrument Sensors
CNS Equipment
IP Interface
IP Interface
IP packets
Terrestrial & Satellite Air Ground Data Link
RPAS C2 Link Boundaries
Command & Control
Unit
ATM HMI
RPA RPS
2015, Thales Alenia Space
C2 Link System Security Threats (Draft)
24/03/2015
10
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E2E Threat Impact on C2 Link Comment
Eavesdropping No Addressed at E2E level (e.g. ciphering of messages)
Integrity Violation No Addressed at E2E level(e.g. integrity check and origin authentication of messages)
DoS (Denial of Service) Yes At C2 Link System level, translates esp. into jamming, flooding, com equipment disabling threats
Hijackingincl. Man in The Middle (MITM) attacks
No Addressed at E2E level(e.g. mutual authentication between RPA and RPS, origin authentication and ciphering of messages)
2015, Thales Alenia Space
C2 Link System Points Of Attack
24/03/2015
11
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Remote Pilot Station
Gateway
ATC Center
Ground-Ground Network
BRLOS C2 link
ATC Back-up
Airborne C2 Link Terminal
Airborne C2 Link Terminal
RLOS C2 link
Terrestrial Station
Satellite Feeder Link Air Interface
Satellite User Link Air
Interface
TerrestrialLink Air Interface
Ground-Ground Network Interface
2015, Thales Alenia Space
Conclusion
The usage of the 5GHz band, exclusively allocated worldwide to safety aeronautical services, is the silver bullet to achieve safe and secure communications between RPA and RPS
C2 link security requirements must be consolidated and agreed
As for RCP, when defining these requirements, particular attention must be paid to
The boundaries of the C2 link system and to the careful apportionment of E2E requirementsThe impact on the feasibility/cost of C2 link system
24/03/2015
12
Ref.: 0005-0006348733
8323
0045
-PR
P-T
AS
-EN
-003
24/03/2015
Ref.: 0005-0006348733