8323

0045

-PR

P-T

AS

-EN

-003

ICAO RPAS SymposiumMontreal - March 24th 2015

5GHz Based C2 Link System

24/03/2015

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

2015, Thales Alenia Space

C2 Link System within the RPAS Architecture

24/03/2015

2

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

RLOS C2 link

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Gateway

ATC Center

Terrestrial Station

BRLOS C2 link

ATC Back-up

STANDARDIZED

MOPS/MASPS

Ground-Ground Network

2015, Thales Alenia Space

5GHz Based C2 Link System – Frequency Spectrum

61 MHz exclusively allocated worldwide to civil aviation services:Terrestrial & Satellite CommunicationMicrowave Landing System: hardly used for 30 years

Low rain attenuation � all-weather operation with low cost and low SWaP (Size Weight and Power) omni airborne terminalJust above the band used for military C3 (terrestrial), 4.4 – 4.9 GHz: dual equipment opportunity

24/03/2015

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

A global and unified C2 link capability offering through a single equipment an universal access to all civil airspace classes worldwide

MHzAeronautical Radio Navigation

Aeronautical Mobile (en Route)Satellite

Radio Navigation Satellite

Fixed Satellite (Feeder ↑)Aeronautical Mobile (en Route)

Airport surfaceAeronautical Mobile

5000 51505030 5091

WiMax airport

Flight tests

MLS core MLS ext.

AMS(R)S ↑↓

GalileoGlobalstar, ICO

↑ ↔ ↓

Aeronautical Mobile (en Route) AM(R)S ↑↓

3

2015, Thales Alenia Space

5GHz Based C2 Link System - Architecture

24/03/2015

4

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

5GHz

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Gateway

5GHz

Compact & Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Airborne Terminal

Ground-Ground Network

5GHzTerrestrial Station

Aerodrome5GHz Terrestrial Station Urban Area

2015, Thales Alenia Space

5GHz Based C2 Link System – Example of Coverage

24/03/2015

5

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

2015, Thales Alenia Space

24/03/2015

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

Simple: no diplexer, no pointing mechanism, simple protocol stackLow Size, Weight and Power compatible with light dronesSmall antenna footprint, no accommodation constraint wrtGNSS receiverHybrid Satellite/Terrestrial

Unique Antenna UnitUnique Main Radio Unit (with both waveforms)

Possible integration in a dual use terminal (5GHz + 4.4-4.9 GHz) � single equipment for military and civil airspace

Hybrid terrestrial/satellite airborne terminal + dual use opportunity � Satellite connectivity without any additional hardware

Example of existing aero C-band antenna (ANTCOM)

5cm (W) x 13cm (L) x 8cm (H)150g

5GHz Based C2 Link System – Airborne Terminal 6

2015, Thales Alenia Space

24/03/2015

A single airborne terminal To access civil airspace worldwide for both Line of Sight and Beyond Line of Sight operationsCompatible with light dronesProviding back-up link for military drones on theaters of operations

A high offered system capacity, enabling a long term strategy

A simple system, easing the certification

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

5GHz Based C2 Link System – Summary of Key Assets7

2015, Thales Alenia Space

C2 Link System Boundaries – Architecture Perspective

24/03/2015

8

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Gateway

ATC Center

BRLOS C2 link

ATC Back-up

Airborne C2 Link Terminal

Airborne C2 Link Terminal

RLOS C2 link

Terrestrial Station

Ground-Ground Network

2015, Thales Alenia Space

C2 Link System Boundaries – Protocol Layer Perspective

24/03/2015

9

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

Autopilot & Pilot

Instrument Sensors

CNS Equipment

IP Interface

IP Interface

IP packets

Terrestrial & Satellite Air Ground Data Link

RPAS C2 Link Boundaries

Command & Control

Unit

ATM HMI

RPA RPS

2015, Thales Alenia Space

C2 Link System Security Threats (Draft)

24/03/2015

10

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

E2E Threat Impact on C2 Link Comment

Eavesdropping No Addressed at E2E level (e.g. ciphering of messages)

Integrity Violation No Addressed at E2E level(e.g. integrity check and origin authentication of messages)

DoS (Denial of Service) Yes At C2 Link System level, translates esp. into jamming, flooding, com equipment disabling threats

Hijackingincl. Man in The Middle (MITM) attacks

No Addressed at E2E level(e.g. mutual authentication between RPA and RPS, origin authentication and ciphering of messages)

2015, Thales Alenia Space

C2 Link System Points Of Attack

24/03/2015

11

Ref.: 0005-0006348733

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Remote Pilot Station

Gateway

ATC Center

Ground-Ground Network

BRLOS C2 link

ATC Back-up

Airborne C2 Link Terminal

Airborne C2 Link Terminal

RLOS C2 link

Terrestrial Station

Satellite Feeder Link Air Interface

Satellite User Link Air

Interface

TerrestrialLink Air Interface

Ground-Ground Network Interface

2015, Thales Alenia Space

Conclusion

The usage of the 5GHz band, exclusively allocated worldwide to safety aeronautical services, is the silver bullet to achieve safe and secure communications between RPA and RPS

C2 link security requirements must be consolidated and agreed

As for RCP, when defining these requirements, particular attention must be paid to

The boundaries of the C2 link system and to the careful apportionment of E2E requirementsThe impact on the feasibility/cost of C2 link system

24/03/2015

12

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8323

0045

-PR

P-T

AS

-EN

-003

24/03/2015

Ref.: 0005-0006348733