Data 1 20Report /20
Assessment of transboundary pollutionby toxic substances:Heavy metals and POPs
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SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS FOR HEAVY METALS
Part I
___________________________
Cover Photo: Michael Gauss
MSC‐E Data Report 1/2020
July 2020
Assessment of transboundary pollution by toxic substances: Heavy metals and POPs
PART I
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS FOR HEAVY METALS
I. Ilyin, O. Rozovskaya, O.Travnikov, I.Strijkina
Meteorological Synthesizing Centre ‐ East
2nd Roshchinsky proezd 8/5, 115419 Moscow, Russia Phone.: +7 926 906 91 78; Fax: +7 495 956 19 44; e‐mail: [email protected]; www.msceast.org
2
3
Contents Introduction 5
1. Pollution of the EMEP domain in 2018 7
1.1. Lead 7
1.2. Cadmium 8
1.4. Mercury 9
2.TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION OF THE EMEP COUNTRIES 10
2.1. Lead 10
2.2. Cadmium 12
2.3. Mercury 14
3. SOURCE‐RECEPTOR TABLES 16
Lead 17
Cadmium 21
Mercury 25
4. EVALUATION OF MODELLING RESULTS VS. OBSERVATIONS 29
4.1. Lead 29
4.1.1. Air concentrations 29
4.1.2. Wet deposition 35
4.2. Cadmium 41
4.2.1. Air concentrations 41
4.2.2. Wet deposition 47
4.3. Mercury 53
4.3.1. Air concentrations 53
4.3.2. Wet deposition 55
5. POLLUTION OF MARGINAL SEAS 59
5.1. Lead 59
5.2. Cadmium 60
5.3. Mercury 61
6. ECOSYSTEM‐SPECIFIC DEPOSITION 62
6.1. Lead 63
6.2. Cadmium 65
6.3. Mercury 67
4
5
Introduction
This report is a supplement to the EMEP Status Report 2/2020 and summarizes the main output modeling results for 2018 on lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg), presented in a form of maps, graphs and tables. Besides, the report contains evaluation of the calculated concentrations and deposition against measurements. The modelling results are based on meteorological data related to 2018, and emission data related to 2017 (the numerical data are available in the internet: http://en.msceast.org/index.php/pollution‐assessment/emep‐domain‐menu?id=119). The updated Information based on emissions for 2018 will be available on the internet (www.msceast.org).
In Chapter 1 maps of annual mean air concentrations, total and wet deposition of Pb, Cd and Hg are presented. Spatial resolution of the maps is 0.1°x0.1°.
Chapter 2 is focused on transboundary aspects of atmospheric pollution in the EMEP region. It presents country‐averaged deposition fluxes split in three components: contribution of EMEP anthropogenic emissions, secondary sources (wind re‐suspension and natural emission) within the EMEP region and sources outside the EMEP countries (non‐EMEP sources). Furthermore, for each EMEP country fraction of anthropogenic deposition caused by national and foreign sources is presented. Finally, export of emitted lead, cadmium and mercury to other countries is characterized. Deposition to the EMEP region caused by sources of each EMEP country is presented as a sum of two parts. First part is a mass deposited within national’s territory. The second part means mass of a pollutant emitted by a country and deposited to other EMEP countries.
Source‐receptor tables are presented in Chapter 3. The tables give information about contribution of emission sources of each EMEP country to deposition in other EMEP counties. The columns of the table reveal deposition from a country to other countries. The rows contain deposition to a country from countries‐contributors.
Chapter 4 is focused on the evaluation of modelling results against concentrations and wet deposition observed at the EMEP monitoring stations. The chapter contains tables with statistical indicators for each station, diagrams showing comparison of modelled and observed annual mean air concentrations or annual sums of wet deposition, and time series of modelled and measured monthly mean pollution levels. The possible reasons of the discrepancies between calculated and observed levels are discussed.
Statistical indicators used in the chapter for evaluation of the agreement between modelled (M) and observed (O) parameters include Mean Relative Bais (MRB), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (Rc) and Normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), calculated by formulae (1), (2) and (3), respectively:
( ) %100⋅−
=OOMMNB (1)
( ) ( )
( ) ( )∑∑
∑
−⋅−
−⋅−=
NN
N
OOMM
OOMMRc
1
22
1
1
(2)
6
( )
N
OM
ONRMSE
N
iii∑ −
⋅=
2
1 (3)
Besides, fraction of fitting modelled and observed values within two‐fold or three‐fold difference (F2, F3) was calculated.
Maps of deposition of Pb, Cd and Hg to marginal seas (the Baltic, Black, Caspian, North and Mediterranean) of the EMEP region and maps of ecosystem‐dependent deposition are presented in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively.
1. Poll
1.1. Le
a
c
Fig. 1.1.
ution of t
ead
Concentratio
he EMEP
ons in air (a), t
domain in
total (b) and w
7
n 2018
b
wet (c) deposittion flux of Pbb in 2018
1.2. Ca
a
c
Fig. 1.2.C
admium
Concentrationss in air (a), tottal (b) and we
8
et (c) depositioon flux of Cd inn 2018
1.4. M
a
c
Fig. 1.3.C
ercury
Concentrationss in air (a), neet deposition f
9
b
flux (b) and weet deposition fflux (c) Hg in 22018
10
2.TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION OF THE EMEP COUNTRIES
2.1. Lead
Fig. 2.1. Country‐average deposition fluxes of Pb to EMEP countries in 2018
Fig. 2.2. Relative contribution of national sources and transboundary transport to Pb deposition in the EMEP
countries in 2018
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91
Pb dep
osition flu
xes, kg/km
2 /y Non‐EMEP sources
Secondary sources in the EMEP region
EMEP anthropogenic sources
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Pb dep
osition
, kg/km
2 /y
Contrib
ution, %
National sources Foreign sources Anthrop. Deposition
11
Fig. 2.3. Contribution of EMEP countries to transboundary transport of Pb. Red circle ‐ fraction of total
anthropogenic deposition to the EMEP countries exported outside the country in 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Pb national e
missions, t
Deposited to own territoryDeposited to the other EMEP countriesExport fraction
0
20
40
60
80
100
02468
101214161820
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Pb nationa
l emission
s, t
12
2.2. Cadmium
Fig. 2.4. Country‐average deposition fluxes of Cd to EMEP countries
Fig. 2.5. Relative contribution of national sources and transboundary transport to Cd deposition in the EMEP
countries
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Cd dep
osition
fluxes, g/km
2 /y Non‐EMEP sources
Secondary sources in the EMEP region
EMEP anthropogenic sources
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Cd dep
osition
, g/km
2 /y
Contrib
ution, %
National sources Foreign sources Anthrop. Deposition
13
Fig. 2.6. Contribution of EMEP countries to transboundary transport of Cd. Red circle ‐ fraction of total
anthropogenic deposition to the EMEP countries exported outside the country.
0102030405060708090100
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Cd national e
missions, t
Deposited to own territoryDeposited to the other EMEP countriesExport fraction
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Cd national e
missions, t
14
2.3. Mercury
Fig. 2.7. Country‐average deposition fluxes of Hg to EMEP countries
Fig. 2.8. Relative contribution of national sources and transboundary transport to Hg deposition in the EMEP
countries
0
5
10
15
20
25
Hg de
position
fluxes, g/km
2 /y Non‐EMEP sources
Secondary sources in the EMEP region
EMEP anthropogenic sources
012345678910
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%
Hg de
positio
n, g/km
2 /y
Contrib
ution, %
National sources Foreign sources Anthrop. Deposition
15
Fig. 2.9. Contribution of EMEP countries to transboundary transport of Hg. Red circle ‐ fraction of total
anthropogenic deposition to the EMEP countries exported outside the country.
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Hg national e
missions, t
Deposited to own territoryDeposited to the other EMEP countriesExport fraction
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Expo
rt fractio
n, %
Hg national e
missions, t
16
3. SOURCE‐RECEPTOR TABLES
Table 3.1. Codes of countries, regions and seas
Country/Region/Sea Code Country/Region/Sea Code Albania AL Monaco MC Armenia AM Montenegro ME Austria AT Netherlands NL Azerbaijan AZ Norway NO Belarus BY Poland PL Belgium BE Portugal PT Bosnia and Herzegovina BA Moldova MD Bulgaria BG Romania RO Croatia HR Russian Federation RU Cyprus CY Serbia RS Czech Republic CZ Slovakia SK Denmark DK Slovenia SI Estonia EE Spain ES Finland FI Sweden SE France FR Switzerland CH Georgia GE North Macedonia MK Germany DE Tajikistan TJ Greece GR Turkey TR Hungary HU Turkmenistan TM Iceland IS Ukraine UA Ireland IE United Kingdom GB Italy IT Uzbekistan UZ Kazakhstan KZ Kyrgyzstan KY Latvia LV Lithuania LT Luxembourg LU Malta MT
17
Table 3.2. Matrix of Pb country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DKAL 1520.7 0.6 10.8 0.3 111.3 2.0 565.1 1.3 5.3 8.7 8.1 34.7 1.3AM 0.7 658.3 0.8 75.0 2.2 0.6 11.0 0.4 0.6 46.8 0.7 6.2 0.4AT 20.0 0.7 4528.4 0.4 342.7 66.4 205.2 17.8 581.1 2.8 562.8 6027.8 29.5AZ 1.0 165.7 1.6 314.1 4.5 1.0 22.6 1.6 1.3 46.4 1.5 13.0 0.8BA 103.3 0.9 155.0 0.4 11084.9 10.8 608.3 11.1 27.6 7.1 125.0 327.9 15.2BE 0.5 0.0 28.8 0.0 4.6 3464.8 3.4 3.0 66.1 0.1 34.5 2607.6 20.6BG 84.0 5.7 81.9 5.1 340.6 10.6 29281.4 29.7 19.8 44.4 57.2 249.1 9.8BY 23.8 4.6 126.9 3.4 287.7 75.5 483.3 2300.0 67.5 13.5 239.9 1348.8 102.1CH 3.3 0.1 128.2 0.1 23.7 66.6 13.2 1.8 3797.0 0.7 35.2 3022.0 4.8CY 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.1 2.0 0.1 7.0 0.1 0.4 1475.8 0.3 2.2 0.1CZ 17.8 0.9 861.4 0.6 380.6 101.2 249.9 36.4 187.8 1.7 4339.5 6206.0 78.5DE 19.3 0.9 1375.4 0.6 220.3 2980.0 170.5 89.6 2115.1 1.5 1776.2 96310.2 502.3DK 2.0 0.1 39.1 0.1 19.8 210.4 21.4 10.8 38.9 0.2 67.8 2352.7 1478.2EE 2.6 0.5 27.8 0.4 35.3 33.3 47.7 75.0 13.3 1.0 47.1 470.7 57.9ES 10.7 0.7 40.6 0.2 89.3 395.5 57.3 5.7 105.7 4.2 34.3 1467.2 40.6FI 6.5 3.0 71.8 1.9 99.2 110.1 140.3 136.1 46.0 4.1 135.3 1545.5 185.3FR 26.9 1.3 306.3 0.5 195.3 3636.4 163.4 21.8 2156.0 5.4 257.6 14721.9 147.3GB 2.2 0.3 66.4 0.2 21.9 868.7 19.1 19.9 98.6 0.5 75.1 2942.0 199.6GE 2.8 166.5 4.6 43.5 15.2 1.5 99.1 1.8 2.7 81.2 2.6 21.0 1.3GR 245.7 3.5 33.1 1.9 181.2 7.0 2489.1 8.7 16.9 64.2 25.7 127.5 3.7HR 67.8 0.7 310.4 0.3 2029.9 11.2 381.8 10.7 37.0 4.7 157.5 415.8 11.9HU 50.1 1.2 525.8 1.0 911.9 18.3 932.8 31.0 65.4 3.7 359.8 851.1 23.8IE 0.3 0.1 10.0 0.0 3.1 75.3 2.6 2.8 15.5 0.1 11.6 378.3 29.4IS 0.9 0.1 8.6 0.1 6.8 42.0 9.3 1.6 9.9 0.3 7.1 205.5 20.2IT 266.6 2.4 653.3 0.9 1985.5 92.4 732.2 18.4 786.2 25.8 228.4 2575.9 20.1KY 1.4 20.2 2.0 13.0 4.8 1.2 24.4 1.4 2.9 20.7 1.8 19.7 0.9KZ 23.9 227.3 52.2 162.7 122.4 35.4 515.7 82.2 45.9 175.7 63.7 554.1 31.9LI 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 18.3 0.0 0.3 25.9 0.0LT 5.0 1.0 65.6 0.6 75.0 58.3 93.0 420.4 31.0 1.3 121.4 883.9 106.1LU 0.1 0.0 4.4 0.0 0.6 50.1 0.4 0.3 11.7 0.0 5.7 388.3 1.0LV 4.5 0.8 49.5 0.5 60.4 60.3 73.3 210.6 23.7 1.3 87.2 820.6 101.5MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0MD 4.4 2.0 10.5 2.4 25.5 2.5 164.8 16.8 4.5 6.4 11.4 63.6 3.8ME 114.9 0.2 12.0 0.1 458.6 1.6 236.9 1.2 4.6 3.2 8.5 33.8 1.4MK 266.8 0.6 8.5 0.3 65.7 1.7 1420.5 1.5 3.5 3.1 6.8 29.2 1.2MT 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0NL 0.7 0.0 24.8 0.0 8.4 1720.9 5.4 4.5 49.2 0.1 35.2 3406.0 38.7NO 4.2 1.4 79.7 0.8 50.7 347.4 68.3 31.6 78.0 1.2 143.0 3195.3 579.3PL 46.9 3.6 733.9 2.9 719.2 437.1 709.6 624.4 282.5 5.5 2613.2 10677.8 569.3PT 0.9 0.1 3.7 0.0 5.5 37.9 3.8 0.7 8.0 0.3 3.2 161.6 6.2RO 85.0 7.8 310.2 7.8 772.2 29.2 3160.9 73.7 67.8 35.0 202.9 908.2 33.8RS 169.1 2.3 145.9 1.4 1698.2 11.7 4273.2 14.7 26.3 4.4 107.7 377.5 17.3RU 195.1 493.6 630.6 376.4 1391.7 485.5 4509.2 1897.8 414.8 460.0 821.4 7365.9 680.6SE 11.8 3.7 184.1 2.3 139.6 444.9 220.2 163.2 110.3 4.5 370.0 5295.0 1588.3SI 12.7 0.3 423.7 0.1 221.9 5.9 83.5 3.5 24.8 1.4 64.3 282.9 4.7SK 21.2 0.6 345.6 0.6 394.1 22.6 308.3 23.5 56.0 1.6 603.8 915.9 24.9TJ 0.6 9.7 0.9 6.7 2.0 0.5 8.4 0.6 1.1 10.2 0.7 7.9 0.3TM 1.6 34.9 2.2 32.5 5.2 1.1 25.2 1.8 2.0 22.1 2.0 18.2 1.1TR 76.4 652.6 72.5 80.6 215.4 25.7 1903.1 36.8 42.3 3038.1 48.7 363.6 17.8UA 85.2 42.5 329.7 36.6 655.2 82.9 2226.8 611.8 134.8 109.1 410.6 2013.8 124.2UZ 2.1 35.8 3.0 25.9 7.6 1.9 46.6 3.5 3.0 27.8 3.1 29.2 1.6SUM, t 3.6 2.6 12.9 1.2 25.5 16.1 56.8 7.1 11.7 5.8 14.3 182.1 6.9Emiss 2017, 5.9 3.7 15.7 2.1 33.8 25.1 72.7 8.0 14.9 18.5 17.0 235.0 12.1 code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DK
18
Table 3.2. Matrix of Pb country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZAL 1.5 92.8 0.3 47.6 5.2 0.7 142.5 18.9 11.1 0.2 0.0 1258.6 0.0 9.0AM 1.1 3.3 0.3 3.0 1.2 227.7 2.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 19.5 0.2 161.5AT 25.2 137.3 6.9 530.4 113.3 1.1 12.3 268.4 271.0 2.7 0.1 5596.6 0.1 26.4AZ 5.7 4.9 1.2 4.6 2.5 138.2 2.8 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 32.4 2.9 808.0BA 11.1 126.4 2.4 157.9 31.0 1.2 40.5 556.8 267.3 0.8 0.0 2631.0 0.0 18.5BE 11.0 94.7 3.6 1942.0 575.6 0.0 0.3 2.2 3.4 9.1 0.3 140.9 0.0 1.5BG 44.6 96.9 7.5 81.6 22.7 8.3 232.7 45.0 102.4 0.6 0.1 857.8 0.4 220.1BY 449.7 62.5 81.4 235.2 186.9 5.1 28.6 60.3 126.5 4.8 0.5 1409.1 2.3 524.2CH 4.7 169.5 1.0 1196.5 56.9 0.1 2.2 11.8 4.4 1.6 0.1 5475.5 0.0 2.5CY 0.4 6.3 0.1 3.1 0.3 0.2 6.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 35.6 0.0 1.5CZ 55.8 72.8 14.9 402.3 167.7 0.9 12.9 133.8 328.0 3.8 0.3 1053.3 0.1 46.9DE 260.1 547.8 71.1 6240.8 2821.9 1.0 12.7 74.4 148.6 61.2 2.4 3129.9 0.2 52.7DK 40.5 57.4 13.6 327.6 684.0 0.1 1.3 4.5 10.0 16.9 0.8 106.5 0.0 4.9EE 2514.1 12.9 336.0 61.9 136.1 0.5 2.5 8.5 15.7 2.8 0.3 125.4 0.4 67.2ES 18.5 40064.6 5.5 3681.3 1117.2 0.8 11.1 34.8 17.1 44.3 0.8 2268.5 0.1 8.2FI 3824.4 86.6 6061.6 266.1 513.8 2.7 7.3 22.1 42.9 13.6 2.8 406.0 2.1 316.1FR 65.0 8197.8 21.2 46207.6 3379.8 1.4 17.0 89.4 33.4 75.5 1.9 10346.1 0.1 20.7GB 81.5 756.9 26.8 2909.2 24818.9 0.3 1.6 8.2 13.5 606.6 5.9 331.9 0.1 10.8GE 2.8 10.1 0.8 8.5 2.8 656.0 7.4 2.4 3.1 0.1 0.0 79.7 0.3 194.2GR 13.3 170.6 2.2 107.3 16.5 4.9 1664.8 33.6 33.7 0.5 0.0 1838.2 0.1 77.7HR 14.3 148.4 3.1 198.9 28.2 1.1 29.7 1649.7 347.0 0.8 0.0 3633.6 0.0 13.8HU 40.6 91.7 11.5 170.7 40.5 1.6 36.0 298.1 2092.8 1.0 0.1 1998.9 0.1 52.3IE 14.5 160.6 4.9 265.8 1401.5 0.1 0.2 1.1 2.2 1331.2 1.2 45.2 0.0 2.8IS 13.5 57.1 4.5 103.4 278.1 0.1 0.8 1.5 2.0 18.6 392.7 72.8 0.0 7.1IT 20.9 1660.4 5.9 3008.9 182.2 3.1 146.4 815.5 206.2 5.0 0.2 95073 0.1 28.6KY 4.1 15.0 1.3 10.2 5.2 10.9 2.6 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 61.6 2761 13494.6KZ 329.3 157.4 80.5 175.1 126.7 153.2 36.7 22.5 32.9 3.3 1.4 967.0 2204 241781LI 0.0 0.6 0.0 3.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.1 0.0 0.0LT 270.1 26.2 58.4 106.3 184.9 0.9 5.2 21.7 48.2 4.4 0.3 316.9 0.4 91.7LU 0.8 9.6 0.3 168.9 20.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.0 20.7 0.0 0.2LV 759.2 19.9 136.4 96.2 179.9 0.9 4.6 15.6 32.4 4.1 0.4 209.3 0.5 96.6MC 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0MD 14.5 10.2 2.7 14.7 6.1 2.6 12.3 5.1 10.5 0.2 0.0 156.3 0.3 180.0ME 1.4 43.4 0.3 30.5 3.7 0.3 19.4 26.4 17.7 0.1 0.0 733.6 0.0 4.1MK 2.2 34.0 0.4 23.6 4.1 0.7 152.6 9.3 12.8 0.1 0.0 385.9 0.0 11.5MT 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0NL 12.3 79.2 4.6 1121.5 1003.6 0.0 0.5 3.4 4.2 17.6 0.5 130.4 0.0 1.6NO 301.2 184.3 138.4 756.6 2063.0 1.3 3.6 12.0 27.3 54.5 13.6 217.2 0.6 93.6PL 593.4 185.2 156.5 970.3 883.9 3.5 37.0 214.1 555.5 19.6 1.3 2480.2 1.0 336.3PT 2.3 1355.4 0.7 208.9 189.1 0.1 0.9 2.2 1.0 9.8 0.2 133.6 0.0 0.8RO 82.0 144.5 18.1 214.2 65.3 10.0 124.4 149.4 553.2 1.6 0.2 2298.9 0.9 450.1RS 18.1 95.8 3.9 105.3 34.5 2.9 102.5 169.8 407.4 0.9 0.0 1408.6 0.1 50.1RU 14317.6 822.7 3532.1 1582.4 1772.1 541.4 279.2 269.7 443.9 45.0 17.1 7888.9 765.3 207166.0SE 1612.6 185.7 1062.5 811.4 1971.3 3.2 11.5 36.3 91.8 48.2 4.9 624.0 2.0 294.1SI 5.2 54.8 1.5 95.2 13.2 0.5 6.0 481.4 90.4 0.4 0.0 1895.6 0.0 5.5SK 30.2 48.9 9.0 125.8 42.8 0.7 14.0 108.8 557.9 1.0 0.1 925.8 0.1 40.2TJ 1.8 5.5 0.5 3.9 1.9 4.5 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 25.0 86.5 1237.7TM 7.0 8.2 1.8 6.7 3.7 19.8 2.6 0.9 1.2 0.1 0.1 49.1 22.0 2843.9TR 75.6 361.2 14.9 221.5 47.9 199.0 457.0 39.7 52.7 1.3 0.2 2209.4 1.2 925.1UA 394.6 203.7 80.0 387.8 197.6 64.4 146.3 132.3 379.1 4.2 0.7 3116.5 12.6 3803.8UZ 14.1 12.9 3.3 10.7 6.1 21.2 3.8 1.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 81.9 213.0 6481.8SUM,t 26.4 57.0 12.0 75.4 45.4 2.1 3.8 5.9 7.4 2.4 0.5 164.3 6.1 482.1Emiss 2017, t 34.1 100.1 15.6 113.1 94.6 2.8 8.2 8.0 8.6 5.1 2.0 274.8 12.2 696.0 code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZ
19
Table 3.2. Matrix of Pb country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PTAL 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 4.4 139.2 100.9 1.1 0.6 0.1 96.8 13.0AM 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 14.8 0.8AT 2.2 4.4 11.3 3.8 0.1 6.1 16.4 8.4 0.3 23.5 3.3 3209.5 13.4AZ 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.2 33.3 1.0BA 0.0 2.5 1.1 2.0 0.1 10.0 271.9 26.6 1.0 3.9 1.3 1422.2 16.8BE 0.1 1.3 78.7 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 325.8 1.9 427.6 9.6BG 0.0 4.0 0.8 4.0 0.0 130.1 40.6 85.0 0.9 4.0 1.7 717.4 18.7BY 0.1 168.2 5.0 113.3 0.1 114.4 19.2 12.6 0.3 28.2 13.2 8691.9 10.5CH 6.9 0.7 11.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.7 0.1 15.4 0.7 267.6 21.3CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.6CZ 0.4 9.4 14.5 9.1 0.0 6.8 16.7 10.1 0.2 36.1 6.2 13153.5 7.5DE 3.6 39.4 367.6 41.9 0.1 7.8 14.8 7.8 0.2 1192.3 28.4 18533.7 56.8DK 0.1 7.9 7.1 9.8 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 105.8 15.1 1346.6 8.0EE 0.0 48.7 1.2 192.5 0.0 5.6 2.6 1.6 0.0 18.7 10.4 1397.7 1.6ES 0.1 2.3 17.3 2.7 0.2 0.7 7.1 2.8 0.8 92.3 3.9 557.9 6579.6FI 0.1 67.3 5.4 152.7 0.0 16.6 6.2 3.7 0.1 51.6 107.2 3848.7 12.6FR 1.3 9.5 292.8 10.4 3.7 3.1 16.7 7.8 1.4 675.0 11.4 2980.0 766.2GB 0.1 10.6 19.1 13.5 0.0 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.1 305.7 27.1 1651.5 168.5GE 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 4.7 1.3 1.8 0.1 0.5 0.2 56.0 1.9GR 0.0 1.1 0.6 1.2 0.0 25.8 43.5 134.3 2.9 2.3 0.6 324.1 26.2HR 0.1 2.6 1.5 2.1 0.1 8.1 73.7 17.3 1.1 4.1 1.1 1576.7 17.5HU 0.1 6.7 2.4 5.7 0.1 30.9 50.0 35.5 0.6 6.8 2.5 3980.7 10.7IE 0.0 1.8 2.6 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 27.9 3.3 261.3 53.2IS 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 15.0 11.9 122.6 13.8IT 1.4 4.7 12.2 4.1 2.7 11.0 187.8 52.8 9.5 29.8 2.8 2235.2 211.0KY 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.5 34.3 2.9KZ 0.1 13.7 2.1 16.6 0.1 31.1 12.5 13.4 0.4 13.6 17.8 1413.3 27.1LI 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.1LT 0.0 680.1 2.4 170.3 0.0 13.5 4.1 2.6 0.0 24.4 8.3 4714.6 5.5LU 0.0 0.1 87.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.1 53.3 0.9LV 0.0 245.4 2.0 944.2 0.0 11.0 4.0 2.4 0.1 29.0 11.3 2920.4 2.6MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.0 2.1 0.2 1.7 0.0 395.1 2.3 2.6 0.1 1.1 0.6 297.2 1.5ME 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 2.3 707.2 17.9 0.6 0.5 0.1 102.4 5.5MK 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 6.1 24.1 433.0 0.4 0.6 0.1 90.1 6.9MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1NL 0.1 2.3 20.2 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 1217.5 3.2 609.2 8.5NO 0.1 18.4 14.2 28.3 0.0 3.2 3.2 2.5 0.0 172.4 1700.3 3048.1 30.9PL 0.5 142.3 26.8 101.1 0.1 58.6 40.3 27.0 0.4 169.5 39.7 113701.0 30.5PT 0.0 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 10.0 0.8 56.2 10270.7RO 0.1 12.5 2.9 10.8 0.1 412.6 58.6 62.3 1.0 11.8 4.9 2982.3 19.9RS 0.0 3.2 1.1 3.0 0.1 36.3 335.5 287.4 0.7 4.6 1.5 1346.2 13.5RU 0.6 350.0 26.2 611.5 0.4 379.5 120.2 113.4 2.7 214.3 330.7 23021.8 135.8SE 0.2 105.1 15.6 161.7 0.0 16.9 9.2 7.1 0.1 227.8 497.6 10441.3 25.2SI 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.1 2.4 9.9 3.4 0.2 2.4 0.5 556.1 4.5SK 0.1 4.8 2.6 4.2 0.0 13.1 21.7 12.3 0.2 8.8 2.4 6446.5 5.4TJ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 14.4 1.2TM 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.4 41.7 1.4TR 0.1 4.8 1.6 5.2 0.1 110.1 26.7 40.3 5.0 8.9 3.7 865.5 68.6UA 0.2 62.5 5.9 55.3 0.1 694.8 54.4 48.8 1.3 35.0 19.0 12931.7 29.3UZ 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.0 1.6 0.9 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.7 69.3 2.2SUM,t 0.0 2.0 1.1 2.7 0.0 2.6 2.4 1.6 0.0 5.1 2.9 252.7 18.7Emiss 2017, t 0.0 2.5 1.4 3.5 0.0 3.2 3.6 2.2 0.2 8.6 5.3 305.5 40.7
code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PT
20
Table 3.2. Matrix of Pb country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ SUM, tAL 100.4 474.9 58.0 0.4 6.7 41.0 0.1 3.5 515.1 99.7 0.8 5.5AM 6.3 4.1 40.7 0.3 0.4 2.5 1.5 183.8 600.8 22.9 29.8 2.1AT 186.1 767.1 101.6 7.7 949.6 2166.2 0.3 7.0 148.8 111.5 3.2 27.1AZ 11.7 7.8 188.2 0.7 0.8 4.8 18.3 841.3 546.4 60.9 197.6 3.5BA 420.6 3013.5 111.1 3.8 86.1 818.7 0.2 6.0 443.5 200.1 2.4 23.2BE 2.6 6.6 18.1 4.7 3.5 39.6 0.0 0.3 4.4 4.0 0.3 10.0BG 3729.3 1820.2 1226.4 6.2 29.9 361.2 1.9 95.9 5151.1 2235.8 29.5 47.6BY 605.0 618.3 4547.7 61.8 57.8 654.6 14.6 78.4 1140.3 2929.3 66.1 28.2CH 7.6 20.5 10.7 1.2 16.3 35.0 0.0 0.9 43.2 6.0 0.4 14.5CY 3.1 2.1 7.9 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.0 1.1 557.7 9.7 0.2 2.1CZ 237.9 1044.4 210.1 18.2 144.5 3027.0 0.4 10.3 98.2 149.1 5.3 33.0DE 159.3 499.6 442.1 91.0 123.9 1213.1 0.9 10.9 122.0 188.1 7.4 142.1DK 14.8 41.6 56.5 62.7 5.8 75.7 0.2 1.0 9.2 21.0 1.0 7.3EE 45.1 65.3 518.4 79.9 8.3 103.2 1.9 7.5 86.6 139.8 7.7 6.8ES 24.8 61.6 46.5 9.5 32.2 78.0 0.3 3.0 184.0 25.3 1.4 57.3FI 140.9 203.0 2687.6 1003.5 21.7 281.8 11.3 37.7 206.1 332.1 44.1 23.3FR 77.1 150.6 136.4 32.7 100.8 247.8 0.6 6.9 252.5 60.5 3.5 95.9GB 13.0 28.8 119.7 50.8 12.8 116.9 0.4 2.5 28.3 28.5 2.4 36.5GE 47.1 29.5 149.2 0.8 2.3 12.1 1.6 197.1 1533.1 161.6 35.1 3.6GR 353.8 528.8 466.3 1.8 17.7 129.8 0.5 29.0 8750.6 742.4 7.4 18.8HR 282.8 2119.5 79.1 3.4 473.5 1002.8 0.2 4.3 276.2 132.3 2.0 15.6HU 1026.5 3493.6 289.8 8.4 191.5 4965.5 0.7 18.1 249.1 524.3 8.4 23.5IE 2.2 4.4 23.8 7.6 1.6 18.6 0.1 0.6 4.5 4.0 0.5 4.2IS 4.2 9.4 25.9 9.1 1.6 13.1 0.3 1.1 17.0 12.0 1.1 1.5IT 313.1 1223.9 172.0 7.4 871.6 955.9 0.5 11.9 1694.7 239.5 3.2 116.8KY 7.9 7.2 160.7 1.0 1.1 4.8 5876.9 435.9 240.9 35.5 27645.5 50.9KZ 286.7 226.7 16958.9 46.6 22.1 177.6 6841.8 4502.9 3101.5 1924.4 33466.5 317.3LI 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1LT 99.1 170.0 617.5 55.2 22.9 312.9 2.5 13.4 144.4 319.5 10.4 10.4LU 0.3 1.0 1.6 0.3 0.5 6.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.8LV 77.9 119.7 769.7 84.4 15.5 209.2 2.7 10.6 164.6 294.4 10.7 9.0MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 364.9 68.0 480.9 2.4 4.4 48.0 1.4 45.5 702.8 1322.1 20.8 4.5ME 76.0 442.7 25.0 0.4 6.3 53.9 0.0 1.6 197.7 47.3 0.5 3.4MK 145.6 559.8 80.0 0.4 4.4 41.6 0.1 4.8 418.7 141.1 1.2 4.4MT 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0NL 3.9 11.3 18.4 6.7 4.6 38.7 0.0 0.6 5.7 6.5 0.4 9.6NO 43.3 101.6 389.6 362.4 13.9 190.0 4.4 14.9 60.9 80.6 16.1 14.7PL 691.9 1902.7 1650.8 168.0 224.1 4403.6 5.1 55.3 340.9 1332.9 36.8 149.0PT 1.5 4.6 5.2 1.5 2.1 6.1 0.0 0.3 16.9 1.6 0.1 12.5RO 12438.1 3734.7 1656.0 18.0 111.1 1584.8 4.8 141.6 3478.0 3512.5 65.3 40.1RS 1657.2 16173.9 276.7 5.0 56.2 935.6 0.4 21.9 707.4 583.9 6.4 31.7RU 3564.5 2681.5 219349.0 1260.2 264.2 2329.4 3097.9 6467.8 17193.7 22938.7 12955.7 576.6SE 170.9 345.0 1507.6 3838.5 43.0 643.1 12.1 57.7 214.3 360.5 50.2 34.0SI 66.7 353.3 20.5 1.5 1508.8 328.3 0.1 1.6 70.6 34.9 0.6 6.7SK 342.1 1186.6 198.4 8.2 92.9 7677.9 0.4 12.5 75.0 274.8 7.1 21.0TJ 3.0 3.0 70.0 0.4 0.5 2.0 16469.9 397.9 101.7 16.4 5928.7 24.4TM 11.7 9.1 273.7 1.2 1.0 6.2 973.7 2622.1 309.2 67.2 3594.1 11.0TR 1061.5 539.8 2831.8 11.9 31.7 223.4 7.0 465.3 121699.0 3491.4 101.1 142.8UA 2902.8 1581.6 12518.2 71.7 121.0 1903.9 69.6 751.7 9270.2 39029.7 441.9 98.4UZ 17.2 12.7 421.5 2.1 1.5 8.2 4543.4 1120.6 388.9 88.9 23644.2 37.4SUM,t 31.9 46.5 272.0 7.4 5.7 37.5 38.0 18.7 181.6 84.3 108.5Emiss 2016, t 38.7 54.8 336.7 10.8 7.2 43.7 63.7 39.0 353.0 102.4 184.8
code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ
21
Table 3.3. Matrix of Cd country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DKAL 42.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 4.1 0.1 11.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.8 0.0AM 0.0 38.6 0.1 2.9 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0AT 0.7 0.0 359.5 0.0 15.5 3.3 4.3 1.4 45.9 0.0 48.1 335.7 1.2AZ 0.0 10.8 0.1 16.4 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.0BA 4.2 0.0 14.5 0.0 516.1 0.5 11.6 0.8 2.1 0.0 7.7 18.0 0.6BE 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.2 223.6 0.1 0.2 5.0 0.0 2.2 156.3 1.1BG 2.3 0.2 6.4 0.2 14.2 0.5 678.1 2.2 1.5 0.1 3.5 13.2 0.4BY 0.8 0.3 9.3 0.2 13.0 3.7 10.6 224.6 5.1 0.0 14.3 73.6 5.4CH 0.1 0.0 9.7 0.0 1.0 3.1 0.3 0.1 319.8 0.0 2.5 176.4 0.2CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.0CZ 0.6 0.0 80.6 0.0 16.6 5.5 5.3 2.9 15.0 0.0 353.7 371.5 3.3DE 0.6 0.0 101.5 0.0 8.7 180.9 3.3 7.0 168.4 0.0 128.9 5421.8 29.5DK 0.1 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.8 10.9 0.4 0.9 2.8 0.0 4.2 132.8 127.8EE 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 6.4 0.9 0.0 2.9 25.0 2.8ES 0.3 0.0 2.7 0.0 3.6 16.7 1.2 0.4 7.3 0.0 2.0 74.8 1.6FI 0.2 0.2 5.1 0.1 4.1 5.1 3.0 10.4 3.2 0.0 7.8 79.8 8.7FR 0.8 0.1 19.5 0.0 7.7 178.0 3.4 1.6 163.6 0.0 16.6 834.8 6.6GB 0.1 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.9 41.6 0.4 1.5 7.5 0.0 4.9 170.0 12.4GE 0.1 12.0 0.3 2.0 0.6 0.1 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.1GR 7.2 0.2 2.5 0.1 7.2 0.3 62.5 0.7 1.3 0.2 1.5 6.8 0.1HR 2.7 0.0 29.7 0.0 106.5 0.6 7.7 0.8 2.8 0.0 10.6 23.6 0.5HU 1.7 0.1 55.2 0.0 44.1 0.9 19.4 2.2 4.9 0.0 22.7 46.9 0.9IE 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 3.9 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.7 21.5 1.8IS 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.3 2.0 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.5 11.3 1.2IT 9.0 0.1 48.2 0.0 78.8 4.1 14.7 1.3 60.0 0.1 13.5 130.5 0.8KY 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0KZ 0.7 13.4 3.5 7.9 4.6 1.7 10.8 6.4 3.4 0.6 3.4 28.8 1.4LI 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0LT 0.2 0.1 5.1 0.0 3.5 2.7 2.0 39.1 2.4 0.0 7.5 48.6 5.7LU 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.4 22.5 0.1LV 0.2 0.1 3.8 0.0 2.7 2.8 1.6 18.5 1.8 0.0 5.5 44.9 5.1MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 1.1 0.1 4.6 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.7 3.5 0.2ME 5.9 0.0 0.9 0.0 19.0 0.1 4.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.8 0.1MK 6.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 2.5 0.1 27.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.4 1.6 0.0MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.3 117.0 0.1 0.4 3.8 0.0 2.2 202.8 2.3NO 0.1 0.1 5.5 0.0 2.1 16.8 1.3 2.5 5.5 0.0 9.1 173.2 37.6PL 1.5 0.2 57.6 0.1 32.2 22.1 14.6 55.4 21.1 0.0 165.7 607.8 28.5PT 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.2 8.3 0.3RO 2.8 0.3 25.8 0.4 36.1 1.5 84.8 6.0 5.3 0.1 13.6 50.1 1.4RS 7.2 0.1 12.9 0.1 77.9 0.5 81.0 1.1 2.0 0.0 7.0 20.6 0.6RU 6.2 29.7 44.0 19.0 56.9 22.8 100.4 160.4 30.6 1.4 46.4 388.1 32.0SE 0.4 0.2 13.5 0.1 6.1 21.7 4.5 12.6 8.1 0.0 23.4 290.0 93.4SI 0.5 0.0 34.6 0.0 10.4 0.3 1.7 0.3 1.9 0.0 4.5 15.7 0.2SK 0.8 0.0 32.7 0.0 19.2 1.1 6.9 1.9 4.4 0.0 39.2 50.6 1.0TJ 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0TM 0.0 2.1 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0TR 2.1 30.5 5.1 2.9 8.7 1.2 52.6 2.8 3.1 8.6 2.9 18.6 0.8UA 2.9 2.7 24.6 1.8 29.0 4.1 53.7 52.5 9.9 0.3 24.8 107.9 6.2UZ 0.1 2.2 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.1SUM 112.5 146.4 1032.4 58.4 1159.3 909.6 1296.9 628.0 927.8 15.0 1007.4 10219.0 424.1Emiss 2017 193.7 208.9 1219.8 100.3 1481.3 1344.2 1661.4 696.8 1161.2 53.2 1167.4 13087.8 775.2 code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DK
22
Table 3.3. Matrix of Cd country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZAL 0.0 4.2 0.0 1.6 0.2 0.1 20.5 1.3 1.7 0.0 0.0 44.1 0.0 0.1AM 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 9.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 2.4AT 0.5 6.0 0.3 14.6 4.0 0.1 2.0 27.1 47.5 0.2 0.0 72.3 0.0 0.4AZ 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 8.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 12.1BA 0.2 6.0 0.1 5.6 1.0 0.1 6.4 60.8 42.9 0.0 0.0 69.0 0.0 0.3BE 0.2 3.8 0.2 60.0 26.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0BG 0.7 4.3 0.3 2.6 0.8 0.8 41.7 4.9 15.3 0.0 0.0 30.1 0.0 3.2BY 10.1 2.6 4.3 6.4 7.1 0.5 4.9 7.2 20.9 0.3 0.0 28.8 0.1 7.6CH 0.1 7.3 0.0 28.8 2.1 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 85.0 0.0 0.0CY 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0CZ 1.2 3.2 0.7 11.0 6.3 0.1 2.1 15.0 53.5 0.2 0.0 20.8 0.0 0.7DE 5.4 22.2 3.4 178.7 122.3 0.1 2.0 7.0 21.1 3.8 0.1 58.1 0.0 0.7DK 0.9 2.2 0.7 9.1 28.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.1EE 130.5 0.5 16.9 1.6 4.8 0.1 0.4 0.9 2.5 0.2 0.0 2.8 0.0 1.0ES 0.3 1605.9 0.2 86.2 40.9 0.1 1.7 3.2 2.5 2.7 0.0 39.8 0.0 0.1FI 90.7 3.2 431.0 6.6 17.7 0.3 1.1 2.2 6.5 0.8 0.1 7.5 0.1 4.4FR 1.3 340.2 1.0 1231.9 142.7 0.1 2.5 7.6 4.8 4.7 0.0 232.3 0.0 0.3GB 1.7 27.4 1.4 77.7 1177.6 0.0 0.2 0.8 2.0 41.1 0.1 6.6 0.0 0.1GE 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 67.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 2.9GR 0.2 8.0 0.1 3.5 0.6 0.5 288.0 2.7 5.0 0.0 0.0 96.4 0.0 1.1HR 0.3 7.0 0.1 7.2 1.0 0.1 4.6 201.9 63.7 0.0 0.0 90.4 0.0 0.2HU 0.7 4.1 0.5 5.4 1.5 0.1 5.7 42.6 397.0 0.1 0.0 47.7 0.0 0.7IE 0.3 5.9 0.2 6.4 72.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 71.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0IS 0.3 2.1 0.2 2.7 11.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 9.4 1.6 0.0 0.1IT 0.4 79.8 0.3 103.5 5.9 0.3 22.3 66.6 30.3 0.3 0.0 2028.1 0.0 0.4KY 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.5 92.9 222.6KZ 5.5 6.3 3.9 4.9 4.3 12.0 5.6 2.0 4.6 0.2 0.0 22.9 83.0 4041.0LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0LT 6.8 1.0 2.9 2.8 6.8 0.1 0.9 2.7 7.9 0.3 0.0 6.3 0.0 1.3LU 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0LV 24.0 0.8 6.8 2.6 6.6 0.1 0.8 1.9 5.3 0.2 0.0 4.7 0.0 1.4MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 2.3 0.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 2.6ME 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 2.9 1.8 2.7 0.0 0.0 24.5 0.0 0.1MK 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 25.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 13.5 0.0 0.2MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0NL 0.3 3.1 0.2 34.6 46.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0NO 6.1 7.1 7.7 19.8 76.6 0.1 0.5 1.2 4.0 3.3 0.3 4.4 0.0 1.3PL 12.4 7.5 7.4 25.4 35.2 0.3 6.0 25.3 91.6 1.2 0.0 48.2 0.0 5.0PT 0.0 59.4 0.0 4.9 7.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0RO 1.5 6.6 0.8 7.2 2.4 0.9 22.4 18.9 102.5 0.1 0.0 61.4 0.0 6.6RS 0.3 4.4 0.2 3.5 1.2 0.2 16.8 21.2 67.5 0.0 0.0 40.0 0.0 0.7RU 284.2 32.9 199.7 42.9 61.9 52.6 45.8 27.5 68.5 2.6 0.4 182.4 31.6 3150.8SE 35.1 7.1 60.6 21.5 74.4 0.3 1.6 4.0 14.0 3.0 0.1 11.5 0.1 3.9SI 0.1 2.5 0.1 3.2 0.4 0.0 0.9 52.7 15.5 0.0 0.0 37.8 0.0 0.1SK 0.6 2.2 0.4 3.6 1.6 0.1 2.3 14.0 108.6 0.1 0.0 21.3 0.0 0.6TJ 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 3.8 17.8TM 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 44.5TR 1.3 16.4 0.7 6.8 1.6 14.7 80.3 3.8 8.0 0.1 0.0 111.1 0.1 13.5UA 7.7 8.7 3.8 11.2 7.3 7.4 26.4 14.8 66.9 0.2 0.0 78.0 0.6 55.7UZ 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 10.7 101.2SUM 632.9 2319.4 758.1 2054.9 2010.5 181.9 652.2 648.0 1293.5 142.0 10.8 3657.5 224.6 7709.9Emiss 2017 803.6 4221.0 955.9 3168.1 4048.9 245.1 1397.9 830.2 1460.2 300.9 46.7 7460.8 492.8 11056.4 code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZ
23
Table 3.3. Matrix of Cd country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 1.4AM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1AT 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 2.0 0.2 118.3 1.3AZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.1BA 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.6 8.1 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 58.4 1.7BE 0.0 0.2 4.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.7 0.2 14.2 0.9BG 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 8.2 1.1 4.8 0.0 0.3 0.1 28.0 1.9BY 0.0 26.7 0.2 23.3 0.0 7.6 0.6 0.7 0.0 2.4 1.1 397.7 1.0CH 1.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.1 8.2 2.0CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1CZ 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 3.2 0.5 457.6 0.8DE 0.6 5.5 20.1 6.3 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 125.2 2.4 561.3 5.2DK 0.0 1.2 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 9.0 1.4 46.8 0.8EE 0.0 7.6 0.1 37.7 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.9 56.7 0.1ES 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 7.2 0.3 19.2 680.4FI 0.0 9.3 0.2 23.3 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 4.0 7.7 152.8 1.1FR 0.2 1.2 14.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 58.8 0.9 94.8 71.5GB 0.0 1.5 1.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.7 2.4 59.1 17.1GE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.2GR 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.6 0.7 8.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 12.7 2.8HR 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 65.2 1.8HU 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 0.0 0.6 0.2 161.3 1.1IE 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.3 9.1 4.8IS 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.9 4.5 1.1IT 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.6 3.3 3.0 0.1 2.3 0.2 80.9 22.5KY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.3KZ 0.0 1.7 0.1 2.4 0.0 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.0 1.1 1.2 54.0 2.5LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0LT 0.0 125.6 0.1 34.6 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.7 211.4 0.5LU 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 1.5 0.1LV 0.0 44.4 0.1 201.7 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.3 1.0 125.8 0.2MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 34.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 13.3 0.2ME 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 10.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.6MK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 26.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 0.7MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 122.6 0.3 21.3 0.8NO 0.0 2.6 0.7 4.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 13.6 153.4 98.9 3.0PL 0.1 20.7 1.3 16.0 0.0 3.8 1.3 1.5 0.0 14.7 3.2 5054.0 2.7PT 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 2.0 1238.9RO 0.0 1.6 0.1 1.6 0.0 31.4 2.1 3.6 0.0 1.0 0.4 125.0 2.0RS 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 2.1 9.8 14.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 55.4 1.4RU 0.1 48.4 1.2 102.6 0.0 23.7 3.4 6.4 0.0 16.8 23.7 943.1 12.7SE 0.0 15.8 0.7 26.2 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 18.2 40.3 410.9 2.3SI 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 22.6 0.5SK 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.2 276.5 0.5TJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1TM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.1TR 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.0 6.9 0.6 2.3 0.0 0.7 0.3 34.1 7.1UA 0.0 8.3 0.3 8.4 0.0 51.8 1.7 2.8 0.0 2.8 1.5 575.2 2.8UZ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.6 0.2SUM 2.9 329.8 55.5 502.3 0.2 185.2 52.2 91.4 0.2 481.1 246.5 10453.6 2102.4Emiss 2017 3.6 395.7 69.9 623.8 0.4 223.6 72.5 126.1 1.0 764.8 430.1 12365.0 4601.6 code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PT
24
Table 3.3. Matrix of Cd country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ SUMAL 4.5 21.3 14.6 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 27.0 3.5 0.0 221.3AM 0.3 0.2 16.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 20.6 0.7 0.4 95.8AT 15.7 36.2 25.5 0.4 82.7 53.4 0.0 0.0 8.1 3.0 0.0 1341.0AZ 0.7 0.4 91.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.6 20.3 2.2 3.5 176.8BA 27.0 152.1 26.4 0.2 6.8 20.2 0.0 0.0 23.4 5.9 0.0 1102.3BE 0.2 0.3 4.4 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 545.8BG 171.2 89.3 310.7 0.3 2.5 8.4 0.0 0.5 285.0 83.6 0.5 1824.9BY 56.3 30.0 1165.3 3.2 5.1 17.9 0.1 0.4 64.9 122.0 1.1 2389.4CH 0.5 1.0 2.7 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.2 0.0 661.3CY 0.2 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.5 0.4 0.0 32.3CZ 18.7 46.8 50.1 0.9 12.4 80.4 0.0 0.1 5.5 4.2 0.1 1655.9DE 11.5 21.1 102.0 4.7 9.5 27.9 0.0 0.1 7.2 5.2 0.1 7392.6DK 1.5 1.9 13.4 3.4 0.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 414.1EE 4.1 3.0 127.3 4.1 0.7 2.7 0.0 0.0 5.0 4.3 0.1 462.8ES 1.6 2.7 11.5 0.4 2.5 1.8 0.0 0.0 9.6 0.7 0.0 2634.1FI 13.0 9.1 598.4 36.7 1.7 7.1 0.1 0.2 11.3 9.9 0.8 1587.9FR 4.5 6.5 33.2 1.5 7.4 5.8 0.0 0.0 13.4 1.8 0.1 3520.3GB 1.0 1.2 25.4 2.7 1.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.8 0.0 1726.6GE 2.9 1.4 98.7 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 1.0 68.2 5.2 0.5 276.4GR 18.8 25.5 131.5 0.1 1.4 3.0 0.0 0.1 441.3 28.4 0.1 1173.9HR 22.7 102.5 19.4 0.2 41.8 25.6 0.0 0.0 14.1 3.9 0.0 863.6HU 115.1 169.1 67.6 0.4 19.0 136.3 0.0 0.1 13.8 13.0 0.1 1410.2IE 0.2 0.2 4.8 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 212.4IS 0.3 0.4 6.3 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.0 63.9IT 19.1 54.7 43.8 0.3 63.5 21.6 0.0 0.1 88.8 7.7 0.1 3113.6KY 0.5 0.3 42.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 28.1 2.9 9.1 1.1 460.9 870.4KZ 18.4 10.4 4863.4 1.8 1.6 4.2 34.3 29.2 139.3 68.1 595.6 10114.7LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8LT 9.0 7.8 164.2 3.1 2.2 8.5 0.0 0.1 9.1 9.9 0.2 746.9LU 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.7LV 7.4 5.6 193.3 4.6 1.4 5.7 0.0 0.1 9.7 9.2 0.2 755.7MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1MD 34.2 3.3 126.1 0.1 0.4 1.3 0.0 0.2 42.9 50.4 0.3 333.9ME 4.0 23.0 6.1 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 10.1 1.5 0.0 131.5MK 6.0 25.8 19.4 0.0 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 24.3 4.7 0.0 196.9MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1NL 0.3 0.5 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 573.8NO 3.8 4.4 88.4 19.7 1.1 4.6 0.0 0.1 3.0 2.3 0.3 790.9PL 69.3 86.7 422.1 8.6 19.9 143.8 0.0 0.3 21.2 32.5 0.6 7196.4PT 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1331.6RO 1155.6 183.6 428.4 0.8 10.2 42.5 0.0 0.7 218.5 125.7 1.0 2795.6RS 104.3 824.6 68.1 0.2 5.0 23.4 0.0 0.1 38.3 19.5 0.1 1534.5RU 254.5 128.0 65610.5 51.6 20.9 58.6 15.6 37.1 940.8 801.9 234.2 74457.7SE 16.7 15.6 327.7 212.6 3.6 16.5 0.1 0.3 10.6 10.2 0.8 1841.9SI 5.4 17.0 5.5 0.1 133.3 8.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 1.0 0.0 381.8SK 37.4 58.9 47.6 0.4 8.9 270.8 0.0 0.1 4.3 6.1 0.1 1029.3TJ 0.2 0.1 18.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.6 2.8 3.6 0.5 103.6 231.3TM 0.7 0.4 88.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 5.0 24.3 12.1 2.5 75.5 267.5TR 63.0 26.4 872.1 0.5 2.5 5.2 0.0 2.3 7213.7 132.1 1.5 8770.8UA 266.3 76.9 3508.3 3.5 10.2 54.3 0.4 3.9 577.6 1446.8 7.8 7220.8UZ 1.0 0.6 123.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 23.0 8.9 15.8 3.1 459.4 764.1SUM 2569.7 2277.0 80021.6 368.7 483.6 1071.8 183.5 121.5 10465.0 3037.4 1950.0Emiss 2017 3000.5 2654.0 95560.6 517.9 596.7 1215.4 313.4 247.9 18807.8 3696.3 3277.1 code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ SUM
25
Table 3.4. Matrix of Hg country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DKAL 11.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.0AM 0.0 15.4 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0AT 0.1 0.0 94.0 0.0 6.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 7.5 0.0 36.8 73.4 0.2AZ 0.0 3.1 0.1 21.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0BA 0.9 0.0 2.5 0.0 300.5 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 5.6 5.3 0.1BE 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 57.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 2.5 48.6 0.2BG 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.1 6.5 0.2 104.5 0.2 0.3 0.0 3.0 4.5 0.1BY 0.1 0.1 2.0 0.1 5.2 0.9 1.5 20.0 0.9 0.0 12.2 24.9 0.8CH 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 48.9 0.0 2.4 33.4 0.0CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0CZ 0.1 0.0 14.4 0.0 6.1 1.4 0.7 0.2 2.0 0.0 328.1 104.8 0.6DE 0.1 0.0 21.9 0.0 3.8 40.4 0.5 0.5 23.2 0.0 146.5 1373.9 4.6DK 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 3.8 34.9 18.8EE 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 2.5 7.6 0.5ES 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.7 3.3 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.0 2.6 20.4 0.3FI 0.1 0.1 1.6 0.1 2.5 1.6 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.0 8.9 29.7 1.7FR 0.2 0.0 4.1 0.0 3.5 38.9 0.6 0.2 24.4 0.0 17.5 211.4 1.0GB 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.4 7.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 4.7 45.1 1.6GE 0.0 5.5 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.0GR 1.1 0.1 0.6 0.0 3.5 0.2 10.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 1.5 2.8 0.0HR 0.5 0.0 5.4 0.0 55.6 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 7.7 6.6 0.1HU 0.3 0.0 9.5 0.0 19.2 0.3 2.5 0.2 0.7 0.0 18.7 13.3 0.2IE 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 4.9 0.2IS 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.7 4.7 0.2IT 2.0 0.1 10.3 0.0 34.0 1.2 2.5 0.1 9.8 0.0 11.3 30.7 0.2KY 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0KZ 0.2 3.4 1.4 4.2 3.1 1.0 2.4 0.7 1.0 0.2 4.8 14.4 0.5LI 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0LT 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 1.1 0.6 0.3 3.1 0.3 0.0 6.3 15.3 0.8LU 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 6.1 0.0LV 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.0 4.6 13.2 0.8MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.0ME 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 10.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0MK 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.0MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 23.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 2.4 54.3 0.3NO 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 1.0 3.6 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 9.7 54.9 5.7PL 0.3 0.1 9.2 0.1 10.3 4.5 2.1 4.6 2.7 0.0 140.5 218.5 4.4PT 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.1 0.0RO 0.5 0.1 4.0 0.2 15.7 0.5 12.8 0.5 0.8 0.0 10.5 14.3 0.3RS 1.2 0.0 2.2 0.0 39.6 0.2 12.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 5.4 5.9 0.1RU 1.5 7.7 12.4 9.3 28.3 9.2 17.4 13.1 6.8 0.5 52.2 159.3 7.2SE 0.1 0.1 2.8 0.1 2.6 4.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.0 21.8 89.0 13.7SI 0.1 0.0 8.4 0.0 4.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 3.3 3.8 0.0SK 0.1 0.0 5.5 0.0 7.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.6 0.0 33.0 14.5 0.2TJ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0TM 0.0 0.5 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.0TR 0.5 9.9 1.7 1.4 5.1 0.6 9.0 0.3 0.9 2.6 3.6 8.9 0.2UA 0.5 0.6 4.6 0.7 12.5 1.4 8.1 4.3 1.6 0.1 20.8 35.8 1.0UZ 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.0SUM 25.4 48.2 229.4 44.3 597.5 210.9 204.5 53.1 142.7 5.0 940.5 2798.4 67.0Emiss 2017 189.9 338.5 1053.6 260.1 1734.6 1049.5 865.8 270.0 664.0 100.0 2606.9 9356.7 284.7 code AL AM AT AZ BA BE BG BY CH CY CZ DE DK
26
Table 3.4. Matrix of Hg country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZAL 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 13.2 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.1AM 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.7AT 0.2 1.8 0.1 5.4 1.9 0.0 1.0 3.0 12.1 0.1 0.0 50.2 0.0 0.3AZ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 3.6BA 0.1 1.4 0.0 1.4 0.5 0.0 3.0 7.2 12.0 0.0 0.0 21.8 0.0 0.2BE 0.1 1.1 0.0 21.2 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0BG 0.3 1.3 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.1 16.3 0.6 4.5 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 1.1BY 3.5 1.0 0.9 2.4 2.8 0.1 2.0 0.9 5.9 0.1 0.0 11.0 0.0 2.9CH 0.0 2.0 0.0 12.2 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 84.7 0.0 0.1CY 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0CZ 0.4 1.0 0.1 3.9 2.6 0.0 0.9 1.2 14.7 0.1 0.0 8.3 0.0 0.4DE 1.7 6.9 0.6 61.9 38.1 0.0 0.9 1.0 5.9 1.2 0.0 31.9 0.0 0.9DK 0.3 0.7 0.1 2.4 8.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.1EE 30.8 0.2 2.4 0.6 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.5ES 0.2 412.5 0.1 25.8 14.2 0.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.0 16.0 0.0 0.2FI 32.0 1.8 67.0 3.6 8.4 0.1 0.8 0.5 2.7 0.4 0.0 6.0 0.0 3.6FR 0.5 81.5 0.2 466.5 48.3 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 0.0 74.1 0.0 0.4GB 0.5 8.8 0.2 21.6 485.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 12.2 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.4GE 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 15.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.9GR 0.1 2.0 0.0 1.2 0.5 0.1 170.8 0.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 0.5HR 0.1 1.5 0.0 1.6 0.5 0.0 2.1 25.8 17.0 0.0 0.0 28.9 0.0 0.2HU 0.3 1.1 0.1 1.6 0.7 0.0 2.5 3.7 158.2 0.0 0.0 15.1 0.0 0.5IE 0.1 2.5 0.0 1.7 22.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 29.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1IS 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.1 4.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 4.1 0.9 0.0 0.2IT 0.2 15.9 0.1 21.5 3.0 0.1 10.4 14.9 8.7 0.1 0.0 1130.7 0.0 0.5KY 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 17.0 59.6KZ 2.6 3.1 1.3 3.4 4.0 2.0 3.5 0.6 2.5 0.2 0.0 11.9 18.3 2156.5LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0LT 2.1 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.3 0.0 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.1 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.6LU 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0LV 6.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 2.4 0.0 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.7MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.8ME 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0MK 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 14.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.1MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0NL 0.1 0.9 0.0 9.0 13.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0NO 2.4 2.8 1.8 6.6 27.6 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.1 2.8 0.0 1.3PL 3.9 2.7 1.1 8.0 12.1 0.1 2.7 1.9 24.3 0.5 0.0 16.7 0.0 2.5PT 0.0 17.2 0.0 1.3 2.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0RO 0.6 1.9 0.2 2.3 1.3 0.1 9.2 1.9 26.2 0.1 0.0 18.3 0.0 2.5RS 0.1 1.2 0.1 1.1 0.7 0.0 7.7 2.2 20.0 0.0 0.0 10.6 0.0 0.4RU 111.0 16.9 33.8 24.0 39.1 7.4 25.0 4.8 24.3 2.1 0.3 78.4 5.7 1768.3SE 11.6 2.9 13.3 7.4 24.9 0.1 0.9 0.4 3.5 1.0 0.1 6.4 0.0 2.8SI 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.4 6.8 3.7 0.0 0.0 14.9 0.0 0.1SK 0.2 0.6 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.0 1.0 1.2 41.8 0.0 0.0 7.1 0.0 0.3TJ 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.6 5.4TM 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 20.6TR 0.5 5.7 0.2 3.5 1.8 2.4 28.5 0.8 3.3 0.1 0.0 19.6 0.0 4.7UA 3.0 3.3 1.0 4.6 3.8 0.7 11.6 1.9 18.9 0.2 0.0 26.0 0.1 16.5UZ 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.9 48.5SUM 216.7 610.0 127.1 737.9 790.8 35.7 337.6 86.5 424.7 53.6 4.9 1748.3 44.0 4110.7Emiss 2017 587.2 4222.6 578.9 3794.5 3984.5 207.2 1647.4 435.2 1341.9 336.6 61.6 9159.6 811.3 18666.5 code EE ES FI FR GB GE GR HR HU IE IS IT KY KZ
27
Table 3.4. Matrix of Hg country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PTAL 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.2AM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0AT 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 42.1 0.3AZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0BA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.6 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 15.1 0.3BE 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 0.0 5.0 0.2BG 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 9.4 0.4BY 0.0 1.7 0.1 1.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.1 104.6 0.2CH 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 3.2 0.4CY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0CZ 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 191.1 0.2DE 0.0 0.5 4.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 23.0 0.3 259.2 1.2DK 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.2 14.5 0.2EE 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 15.1 0.1ES 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.5 0.1 8.4 74.9FI 0.0 1.0 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.9 50.6 0.4FR 0.0 0.1 3.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 11.6 0.2 33.4 10.0GB 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.3 19.3 2.1GE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1GR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 6.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.8 0.5HR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 16.9 0.3HU 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 44.2 0.2IE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.7 0.7IS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 2.2 0.3IT 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 25.8 3.0KY 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1KZ 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.3 23.3 0.8LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0LT 0.0 11.4 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 51.1 0.1LU 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.6 0.0LV 0.0 4.9 0.0 9.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 32.8 0.1MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0ME 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.1MK 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 18.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.1MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0NL 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.9 0.0 7.6 0.2NO 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.9 19.0 36.0 0.7PL 0.0 1.7 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.0 3.1 0.4 1529.1 0.7PT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.9 132.3RO 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 5.7 1.1 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 37.4 0.4RS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 5.7 9.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 15.1 0.3RU 0.0 5.1 0.5 5.6 0.0 4.4 2.0 4.2 0.1 6.2 3.6 310.1 4.2SE 0.0 1.5 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 3.8 4.2 117.1 0.6SI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.1SK 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 73.6 0.1TJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0TM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1TR 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.1 13.4 1.4UA 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.0 9.9 0.9 1.6 0.0 0.8 0.2 159.5 0.7UZ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.1SUM 0.1 31.0 14.8 25.5 0.5 35.8 27.4 59.9 0.8 109.0 30.9 3294.7 239.4Emiss 2017 0.3 145.7 62.7 107.7 4.3 155.8 94.6 191.9 26.4 592.9 241.9 9577.6 2090.1
code LI LT LU LV MC MD ME MK MT NL NO PL PT
28
Table 3.4. Matrix of Hg country‐to‐country deposition from anthropogenic sources in 2018, kg (continued)
R e c e p t o r s E m i t t e r s
code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ SUMAL 0.9 4.3 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 4.0 1.4 0.0 60.0AM 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 10.1 0.4 0.1 35.0AT 3.1 9.7 3.0 0.1 9.9 25.2 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.2 0.0 395.7AZ 0.2 0.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.2 10.2 1.3 0.7 51.7BA 5.2 42.2 2.4 0.0 0.9 7.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 2.3 0.0 450.0BE 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 157.0BG 30.5 26.2 17.4 0.1 0.3 2.9 0.0 0.2 43.3 25.5 0.1 315.7BY 7.5 8.5 91.3 0.7 0.6 5.6 0.0 0.2 10.7 49.4 0.3 387.4CH 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.0 195.8CY 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 0.1 0.0 10.9CZ 3.6 11.7 4.3 0.2 1.2 35.1 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.8 0.0 745.4DE 2.4 6.0 10.8 0.9 1.1 9.8 0.0 0.0 2.6 3.8 0.1 2094.0DK 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 94.6EE 0.5 0.8 8.6 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.9 0.0 83.0ES 0.5 1.1 2.3 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.8 0.0 598.1FI 2.7 3.7 71.1 6.4 0.3 3.1 0.0 0.1 5.2 9.5 0.3 334.3FR 1.0 2.0 4.1 0.3 0.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 4.0 1.6 0.0 1055.9GB 0.2 0.5 3.5 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.7 0.0 629.3GE 0.6 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 40.9 2.1 0.1 76.6GR 3.5 7.3 7.7 0.0 0.2 1.2 0.0 0.1 56.9 9.2 0.0 309.7HR 4.2 28.2 1.8 0.0 5.4 9.3 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.6 0.0 226.7HU 24.8 51.0 5.8 0.1 2.2 63.1 0.0 0.1 3.3 7.3 0.0 453.1IE 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 68.5IS 0.1 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 24.1IT 4.2 14.8 5.0 0.1 8.2 7.8 0.0 0.1 17.1 4.3 0.0 1403.3KY 0.2 0.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.3 0.9 5.5 0.9 150.0 247.2KZ 4.6 4.5 351.3 0.7 0.3 2.4 5.4 10.9 71.5 45.0 199.7 2970.5LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9LT 1.2 1.8 11.3 0.6 0.2 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.5 4.4 0.1 128.9LU 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6LV 0.9 1.3 13.4 0.9 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.9 0.1 109.8MC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0MD 4.5 0.9 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 8.2 21.3 0.1 64.2ME 0.9 5.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.6 0.0 39.7MK 1.2 5.9 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.7 0.0 62.5MT 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2NL 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 149.6NO 0.8 1.4 14.6 4.0 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.1 1.6 2.6 0.1 212.4PL 11.4 20.5 34.5 1.7 1.8 47.6 0.0 0.1 5.6 24.7 0.2 2159.5PT 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 159.2RO 231.8 53.9 29.4 0.2 1.0 14.3 0.0 0.3 36.4 51.9 0.3 592.2RS 23.4 266.1 5.4 0.1 0.6 8.3 0.0 0.1 6.6 7.0 0.0 460.2RU 44.2 42.0 4611.5 11.4 2.9 23.5 2.5 14.8 390.2 483.1 72.7 8510.8SE 2.4 4.1 38.6 39.5 0.4 5.0 0.0 0.2 4.2 7.4 0.4 444.8SI 1.0 4.3 0.6 0.0 17.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.0 81.8SK 7.7 16.1 4.0 0.1 0.9 125.2 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.5 0.0 351.7TJ 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 0.8 2.5 0.4 35.7 63.9TM 0.2 0.2 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 14.3 6.0 2.2 40.7 99.9TR 12.2 9.2 43.8 0.2 0.4 2.6 0.0 0.9 2570.1 43.4 0.4 2817.8UA 35.8 22.5 270.0 0.8 1.2 18.2 0.0 1.4 149.5 825.0 1.7 1684.7UZ 0.3 0.3 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.1 3.0 8.1 2.4 209.3 298.0SUM 459.0 671.4 5241.1 76.6 60.7 590.4 32.1 49.3 3425.2 7389.9 669.7 Emiss 2017 1.45 1.94 26.48 0.41 0.17 1.73 0.57 0.41 15.82 24.16 5.85 code RO RS RU SE SI SK TJ TM TR UA UZ
29
4. EVALUATION OF MODELLING RESULTS VS. OBSERVATIONS
4.1. Lead
4.1.1. Air concentrations
Table 4.1. Annual mean modelled and observed Pb air concentrations, ng/m3, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc and relative bias (Bias)) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station name Code Longitude Latitude Observed Modelled Rc Bias Koksijde BE0014R 2.66 51.12 5.34 6.23 0.5 16.7 Kosetice (NOAK) CZ0003R 15.08 49.57 3.38 3.41 0.72 0.9 Churanov CZ0005R 13.6 49.07 1.57 1.70 0.55 8.3 Westerland DE0001R 8.31 54.93 2.03 2.60 0.71 28.1 Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.8 3.65 3.48 0.86 ‐4.7 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 1.21 3.38 0.52 179.3 Neuglobsow DE0007R 13.03 53.17 3.42 3.37 0.88 ‐1.5 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 2.12 3.08 0.68 45.3 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 2.76 2.72 0.77 ‐1.4 Riscoe DK0012R 12.09 55.69 1.80 4.46 0.72 20.6 Anholt DK0008R 11.52 56.72 1.36 1.64 0.63 147.8 Lahemaa EE0009R 25.9 59.5 1.69 0.70 ‐0.08 ‐58.9 San Pablo de los Montes ES0001R ‐4.35 39.55 1.58 1.05 ‐0.11 ‐33.5 Viznar ES0007R ‐3.53 37.23 1.25 1.47 0.61 17.6 Niembro ES0008R ‐4.85 43.44 2.48 1.74 ‐0.06 ‐29.8 Campisabalos ES0009R ‐3.14 41.28 0.70 0.93 0.5 32.5 ElTorms ES0014R 0.72 41.4 1.13 1.77 0.1 56.6 Virolahti III FI0018R 27.67 60.53 2.49 0.76 0.56 ‐69.4 Pallas (Matorova) FI0036R 24.24 68 0.64 0.14 0.18 ‐77.6 Hyytiälä FI0050R 24.28 61.85 1.32 0.32 0.14 ‐76.1 Yarner Wood GB0013R ‐3.71 50.6 2.27 1.80 0.75 ‐20.7 Heigham Holmes GB0017R 1.62 52.72 4.18 3.41 0.76 ‐18.4 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 1.03 1.25 0.64 21.4 Chilbolton Observatory GB1055 ‐1.44 51.15 3.58 2.99 0.7 ‐16.5 K‐puszta HU0002R 19.58 46.97 7.51 3.56 0.58 ‐52.6 Vestmannaeyjar IS0091R ‐20.28 63.4 0.11 0.70 0.63 520.4 Rucava LV0010R 21.17 56.16 1.25 1.33 ‐0.44 6.4 Bilthoven NL0008R 5.2 52.12 4.54 4.24 0.76 ‐6.6 Birkenes II NO0002R 8.25 58.39 0.75 0.59 0.37 ‐21.9 Zeppelin mountain (Ny‐Alesund) NO0042G 11.89 78.91 0.14 0.22 0.26 58.7 Alomar NO0090R 16.01 69.28 0.23 0.37 ‐0.3 61.7 Diabla Gora PL0005R 22.07 54.15 2.61 2.55 0.71 ‐2.3 Zielonka PL0009R 17.93 53.66 4.09 4.38 0.79 7.1 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 0.38 0.15 0.07 ‐60.5 Råö SE0014R 11.91 57.39 1.38 1.22 0.39 ‐11.6 Hallahus SE0020R 13.15 56.04 1.76 2.04 0.59 15.9 Iskrba SI0008R 14.87 45.57 2.12 2.18 0.11 2.8 Chopok SK0002R 19.58 48.93 2.59 1.93 ‐0.03 ‐25.5 StarГЎ LesnГЎ SK0004R 20.28 49.15 4.83 2.62 0.6 ‐45.8 Starina SK0006R 22.27 49.05 3.77 1.66 0.07 ‐56.0 Topolniki SK0007R 17.86 47.96 7.91 5.67 0.67 ‐28.3
30
Fig. 4.1. Modelled and observed annual mean concentrations of Pb in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0123456789
BE0014R
CZ0003R
CZ0005R
DE0001R
DE0002R
DE0003R
DE0007R
DE0008R
DE0009R
DK0008R
DK0012R
EE0009R
ES0001R
ES0007R
ES0008R
ES0009R
ES0014R
FI0018R
FI0036R
FI0050R
GB0013R
GB0017R
GB0048R
GB1055
HU0002R
IS0091R
LV0010R
NL0008R
NO0002R
NO0042G
NO0090R
PL0005R
PL0009R
SE0005R
SE0014R
SE0020R
SI0008R
SK0002R
SK0004R
SK0006R
SK0007R
Pb air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3 Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
BE0014Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
CZ0003Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air con
centration
s, ng
/m3
CZ0005
Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0001Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0002Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0003Obs
Mod
31
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3DE0007
Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0008Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0009
Obs
Mod0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DK0008Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DK0012Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
EE0009Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0001Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0007
Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0008Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0009Obs
Mod
32
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3ES0014Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0018Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0036Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0050Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0013
Obs
Mod0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0017Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0048
Obs
Mod0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB1055
Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
HU0002Obs
Mod
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
IS0091Obs
Mod
33
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3LV0010Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NL0008Obs
Mod
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0002Obs
Mod
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0042Obs
Mod
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0090Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
PL0005Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
PL0009
Obs
Mod0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0005Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0014Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0020
Obs
Mod
34
Fig. 4.2. Modelled and observed monthly mean concentrations of Pb in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3SI0008
Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0002Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0004Obs
Mod
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0006Obs
Mod
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb air concen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0007Obs
Mod
35
4.1.2. Wet deposition
Table 4.2. Annual sums of modelled and observed Pb wet deposition fluxes, g/km2/y, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc) and relative bias (Bias) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station name Code Longit Latit Observedflux
Modelledflux
R Bias
Koksijde BE0014R 2.66 51.12 344.3 317.5 0.3 ‐7.8 Kosetice(NOAK) CZ0003R 15.08 49.57 565.0 220.2 0.40 ‐61.0 Westerland DE0001R 8.31 54.93 221.8 263.2 0.45 18.7 Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.8 218.4 224.3 0.59 2.7 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 303.2 455.2 0.84 50.1 Neuglobsow DE0007R 13.03 53.17 261.4 210.5 0.29 ‐19.5 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 458.5 370.6 0.53 ‐19.2 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 194.0 163.2 0.41 ‐15.9 Riscoe DK0012R 12.09 55.69 346.4 232.2 0.21 ‐33.0 Sepstrup Sande DK0022R 9.42 56.08 259.5 243.7 0.16 ‐6.1 Anholt DK0008R 11.52 56.72 386.5 188.3 0.19 ‐51.3 Vilsandi EE0011R 21.82 58.38 296.9 184.8 0.28 ‐37.8 Lahemaa EE0009R 25.9 59.5 334.0 92.9 0.39 ‐72.2 Niembro ES0008R ‐4.85 43.44 1636.6 178.9 0.65 ‐89.1 Campisabalos ES0009R ‐3.14 41.27 2208.4 91.6 0.40 ‐95.9 Hyytiälä FI0050R 24.28 61.85 206.3 94.5 0.12 ‐54.2 Chilbolton Observatory GB1055 ‐1.44 51.15 127.5 246.7 0.8 93.4 Yarner Wood GB0013R ‐3.71 50.6 182.1 202.0 0.92 11.0 Heigham Holmes GB0017R 1.62 52.72 218.8 202.9 0.81 ‐7.3 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 81.2 112.0 0.34 37.9 LoughNavar GB0006R ‐7.87 54.44 144.8 109.8 0.56 ‐24.2 K‐puszta HU0002R 19.58 46.97 1139.7 350.7 0.42 ‐69.2 Vestmannaeyjar IS0091R ‐20.28 63.4 1470.5 284.3 0.07 ‐80.7 Rucava LV0010R 21.17 56.16 196.7 139.4 0.21 ‐29.1 Aluksne LV1000R 27.04 57.44 160.3 96.7 0.54 ‐39.7 Dobele LV2000R 23.32 56.62 154.6 102.0 0.17 ‐34.0 Skriveri LV5000R 25.13 56.64 223.7 96.1 0.32 ‐57.1 Riga LV6000R 24.1 56.95 1168.2 186.0 0.49 ‐84.1 Vredepeel NL0010R 5.85 51.54 553.5 253.7 0.66 ‐54.2 De Zilk NL0091R 4.5 52.3 239.2 274.1 0.54 14.6 Birkenes NO0001R 8.25 58.38 788.0 351.4 0.90 ‐55.4 Kårvatn NO0039R 8.88 62.78 180.3 73.2 0.09 ‐59.4 Hurdal NO00056R 11.08 60.37 452.8 179.3 0.77 ‐60.4 Leba PL0004R 17.53 54.75 183.8 231.5 0.35 26.0 Diabla Gora PL0005R 22.07 54.15 273.1 266.4 ‐0.20 ‐2.4 Råö SE0014R 11.91 57.39 218.7 246.7 0.39 12.8 Hallahus SE0020R 13.15 56.04 238.7 247.8 0.7 3.8 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 96.7 79.0 0.21 ‐18.3 Chopok SK0002R 19.58 48.93 1972.4 410.2 0.07 ‐79.2 StarГЎ LesnГЎ SK0004R 20.28 49.15 420.5 560.0 0.43 33.2 Starina SK0006R 22.27 49.05 1150.9 407.0 0.41 ‐64.6 Topolniki SK0007R 17.86 47.96 176.6 494.3 0.62 179.9
36
Fig. 4.3. Modelled and observed annual wet deposition fluxes of Pb at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
200
400
600
800
1000
BE0014R
CZ0003R
DE0001R
DE0002R
DE0003R
DE0007R
DE0008R
DE0009R
DK0012R
DK0022R
DK0008R
EE0011R
EE0009R
ES0008R
ES0009R
FI0050R
GB1
055
GB0
013R
GB0
017R
GB0
048R
GB0
006R
HU0002R
IS0091R
LV0010R
LV1000R
LV2000R
LV5000R
LV6000R
NL0010R
NL0091R
NO0001R
NO0039R
NO00056R
PL0004R
PL0005R
SE0014R
SE0020R
SE0005R
SK0002R
SK0004R
SK0006R
SK0007R
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2 Observed
Modelled
1637 2208 1140 1470 1168 1972 1151
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
BE0014Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
CZ0003Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0001Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DE0002Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0003Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0007Observed
Modelled
37
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2DE0008
Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DE0009Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DK0008Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0012Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0022Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
EE0009Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
EE0011Observed
Modelled
0
100
200
300
400
500
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
ES0008Observed
Modelled
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
ES0009Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
FI0050Observed
Modelled
38
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2GB0006Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB0013Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB0017Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB0048Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB1055Observed
Modelled
0
100
200
300
400
500
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
HU0002Observed
Modelled
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
IS0091Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
LV0010Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
LV1000
Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
LV2000Observed
Modelled
39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2LV5000
Observed
Modelled
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
LV6000
Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
NL0010Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
NL0091Observed
Modelled
0
50
100
150
200
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0001Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0039Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0056Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
PL0004Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
PL0005Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SE0005Observed
Modelled
40
Fig. 4.4. Modelled and observed monthly wet deposition fluxes of Pb at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2SE0014
Observed
Modelled
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SE0020Observed
Modelled
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SK0002Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SK0004Observed
Modelled
0
50
100
150
200
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0006Observed
Modelled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0007
Observed
Modelled
41
4.2. Cadmium
4.2.1. Air concentrations
Table 4.3. Annual mean modelled and observed Cd air concentrations, ng/m3, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc) and relative bias (Bias) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station name Code Longit Latid Observed Modelled R Bias Koksijde BE0014R 2.66 51.12 0.17 0.22 0.44 26.6 Kosetice (NOAK) CZ0003R 15.08 49.57 0.10 0.12 0.75 18.2 Churanov CZ0005R 13.6 49.07 0.04 0.09 0.47 96.3 Westerland DE0001R 8.31 54.93 0.06 0.09 0.86 44.1 Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.8 0.10 0.12 0.83 14.9 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 0.03 0.12 0.47 331.8 Neuglobsow DE0007R 13.03 53.17 0.10 0.10 0.86 ‐0.6 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 0.05 0.11 0.61 91.0 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 0.08 0.09 0.83 3.8 Anholt DK0008R 11.52 56.72 0.04 0.06 0.55 30.5 Riscoe DK0012R 12.09 55.69 0.05 0.14 0.71 158.0 Lahemaa EE0009R 25.9 59.5 0.06 0.04 0.57 ‐38.9 San Pablo de los Montes ES0001R ‐4.35 39.55 0.02 0.03 0.23 52.9 Viznar ES0007R ‐3.53 37.23 0.03 0.03 ‐0.12 1.4 Niembro ES0008R ‐4.85 43.44 0.09 0.04 0.41 ‐59.2 Campisabalos ES0009R ‐3.14 41.28 0.02 0.03 0.21 55.2 ElTorms ES0014R 0.72 41.4 0.03 0.05 ‐0.15 51.3 Virolahti III FI0018R 27.67 60.53 0.07 0.04 0.67 ‐50.4 Pallas (Matorova) FI0036R 24.24 68 0.02 0.01 0.4 ‐68.0 Hyytiälä FI0050R 24.28 61.85 0.05 0.01 0.45 ‐70.4 Yarner Wood GB0013R ‐3.71 50.6 0.06 0.07 0.45 2.3 Heigham Holmes GB0017R 1.62 52.72 0.10 0.12 0.63 19.2 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 0.03 0.04 0.77 43.2 Chilbolton Observatory GB1055R ‐1.44 51.15 0.09 0.10 0.63 2.3 K‐puszta HU0002R 19.58 46.97 0.17 0.18 0.78 3.0 Vestmannaeyjar IS0091R ‐20.28 63.4 0.00 0.02 0.57 388.0 Rucava LV0010R 21.17 56.16 0.07 0.07 0.62 ‐1.7 Bilthoven NL0008R 5.2 52.12 0.13 0.18 0.8 35.8 Birkenes II NO0002R 8.25 58.39 0.03 0.02 0.51 ‐38.1 Zeppelin mountain (Ny‐Alesund) NO0042G 11.89 78.91 0.02 0.01 ‐0.15 ‐56.2 Alomar NO0090R 16.01 69.28 0.01 0.01 0.01 81.5 Diabla Gora PL0005R 22.07 54.15 0.10 0.09 0.81 ‐15.6 Zielonka PL0009R 17.93 53.66 0.52 0.14 0.8 ‐73.1 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 0.01 0.01 0.4 ‐55.5 Råö SE0014R 11.91 57.39 0.04 0.04 0.43 1.5 Hallahus SE0020R 13.15 56.04 0.05 0.06 0.56 42.5 Iskrba SI0008R 14.87 45.57 0.07 0.10 0.47 29.1 Chopok SK0002R 19.58 48.93 0.17 0.07 0.32 ‐56.1 StarГЎ LesnГЎ SK0004R 20.28 49.15 0.12 0.09 0.8 ‐28.7 Starina SK0006R 22.27 49.05 0.11 0.07 0.48 ‐34.5 Topolniki SK0007R 17.86 47.96 0.15 0.16 0.79 4.2
42
Fig. 4.5. Modelled and observed annual mean concentrations of Cd in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
BE0014R
CZ0003R
CZ0005R
DE0001R
DE0002R
DE0003R
DE0007R
DE0008R
DE0009R
DK0008R
DK0012R
EE0009R
ES0001R
ES0007R
ES0008R
ES0009R
ES0014R
FI0018R
FI0036R
FI0050R
GB0013R
GB0017R
GB0048R
GB1055R
HU0
002R
IS0091R
LV0010R
NL0008R
NO0002R
NO0042G
NO0090R
PL0005R
PL0009R
SE0005R
SE0014R
SE0020R
SI0008R
SK0002R
SK0004R
SK0006R
SK0007R
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3 Observed
Modelled
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
BE0014Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
CZ0003Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air con
centration
s, ng
/m3
CZ0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.18
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0001Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0002Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0003Obs
Mod
43
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3DE0007
Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0008Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
DK0008Obs
Mod
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DK0012Obs
Mod
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
EE0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0001
Observed
Modelled0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0007Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
ES0009Observed
Modelled
44
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3ES0014
Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0018Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0036Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
FI0050Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0013
Obs
Mod0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0017Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0048
Observed
Modelled0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
GB1055
Observed
Modelled
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
HU0002Observed
Modelled
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
IS0091Observed
Modelled
45
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3LV0010Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NL0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0002Observed
Modelled
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air concen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0042Observed
Modelled
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
NO0090
Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
PL0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
PL0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0014Observed
Modelled
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0020Observed
Modelled
46
Fig. 4.6. Modelled and observed annual mean concentrations of Cd in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3SI0008
Obs
Mod
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0002Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0004Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0006Observed
Modelled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Cd air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SK0007Observed
Modelled
47
4.2.2. Wet deposition
Table 4.4. Annual sums of modelled and observed Cd wet deposition fluxes, g/km2/y, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc) and relative bias (Bias) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station name Code Longit Latit Observedflux
Modelledflux
R Bias
Koksijde BE0014R 2.66 51.12 11.6 10.1 0.5 ‐13.2 Kosetice(NOAK) CZ0003R 15.08 49.57 14.0 7.2 0.8 ‐48.2 Churanov CZ0005R 13.6 49.07 19.9 16.0 0.8 ‐19.8 Westerland DE0001R 8.31 54.93 8.5 10.6 0.7 24.2 Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.8 7.1 8.4 0.6 17.7 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 13.6 17.3 0.8 27.4 Neuglobsow DE0007R 13.03 53.17 11.4 7.4 0.7 ‐35.1 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 15.5 13.6 0.7 ‐12.2 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 7.5 5.9 0.6 ‐21.7 Keldsnor DK0005R 10.74 54.75 25.8 6.6 0.1 ‐74.5 Anholt DK0008R 11.52 56.72 13.5 6.5 0.2 ‐52.3 Riscoe DK0012R 12.09 55.69 13.7 7.4 0.2 ‐46.0 Sepstrup Sande DK0022R 9.42 56.08 11.6 10.0 0.3 ‐14.3 Lahemaa EE0009R 25.9 59.5 55.2 3.8 0.3 ‐93.2 Vilsandi EE0011R 21.82 58.38 26.7 6.8 0.5 ‐74.6 Niembro ES0008R ‐4.85 43.44 89.5 4.4 0.1 ‐95.1 Campisabalos ES0009R ‐3.14 41.27 37.6 2.6 0.2 ‐93.0 Hyytiälä FI0050R 24.28 61.85 8.4 3.6 0.4 ‐57.1 LoughNavar GB0006R ‐7.87 54.44 5.8 3.8 0.4 ‐34.3 Yarner Wood GB0013R ‐3.71 50.6 6.3 8.0 0.9 28.1 Heigham Holmes GB0017R 1.62 52.72 9.0 6.0 0.9 ‐32.9 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 5.6 3.9 0.2 ‐29.5 Chilbolton Observatory GB1055R ‐1.44 51.15 5.5 8.3 0.8 52.1 K‐puszta HU0002R 19.58 46.97 18.4 14.4 0.5 ‐22.0 Vestmannaeyjar IS0091R ‐20.28 63.4 24.5 9.1 0.3 ‐62.7 Rucava LV0010R 21.17 56.16 9.8 5.1 0.1 ‐47.9 Aluksne LV1000R 27.04 57.44 9.1 4.3 0.4 ‐52.4 Dobele LV2000R 23.32 56.62 8.3 4.7 0.4 ‐44.0 Skriveri LV5000R 25.13 56.64 10.1 3.8 0.1 ‐62.5 Riga LV6000R 24.1 56.95 21.8 10.1 0.3 ‐53.8 Vredepeel NL0010R 5.85 51.54 22.4 10.7 0.7 ‐52.1 De Zilk NL0091R 4.5 52.3 6.8 9.8 0.6 44.8 Birkenes NO0001R 8.25 58.38 30.2 11.8 0.8 ‐60.8 Kårvatn NO0039R 8.88 62.78 8.4 2.6 0.7 ‐69.3 Hurdal NO00056R 11.08 60.37 17.4 6.1 0.7 ‐64.7 Leba PL0004R 17.53 54.75 10.9 7.5 0.6 ‐30.6 Diabla Gora PL0005R 22.07 54.15 20.4 10.9 0.2 ‐46.3 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 8.4 3.1 0.2 ‐63.5 Råö SE0014R 11.91 57.39 15.8 8.2 0.2 ‐47.8 Hallahus SE0020R 13.15 56.04 29.2 7.7 0.0 ‐73.5 Iskrba SI0008R 14.87 45.57 19.6 28.2 0.0 44.1 Chopok SK0002R 19.58 48.93 44.2 13.8 0.5 ‐68.8 StarГЎ LesnГЎ SK0004R 20.28 49.15 4.4 18.5 0.1 322.4 Starina SK0006R 22.27 49.05 11.9 14.6 0.5 22.7 Topolniki SK0007R 17.86 47.96 1.1 16.1 0.5 1374.3
48
Fig. 4.7. Modelled and observed annual wet deposition fluxes of Cd at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
BE0014R
CZ0003R
CZ0005R
DE0001R
DE0002R
DE0003R
DE0007R
DE0008R
DE0009R
DK0005R
DK0008R
DK0012R
DK0022R
EE0009R
EE0011R
ES0008R
ES0009R
FI0050R
GB0006R
GB0013R
GB0017R
GB0048R
GB1055R
HU0002R
IS0091R
LV0010R
LV1000R
LV2000R
LV5000R
LV6000R
NL0010R
NL0091R
NO0001R
NO0039R
NO00056R
PL0004R
PL0005R
SE0005R
SE0014R
SE0020R
SI0008R
SK0002R
SK0004R
SK0006R
SK0007R
Cd wet dep
osition, g/km
2 Observed
Modelled
8955 44
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
BE0014
Observed
Modelled0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2CZ0003
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
CZ0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0001Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0002
Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0003Observed
Modelled
49
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2DE0007
Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0009Observed
Modelled
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0012
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DK0022
Observed
Modelled
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd w
et dep
osition, g/km
2
EE0009Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
EE0011Observed
Modelled
0
5
10
15
20
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
ES0008Observed
Modelled
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2ES0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
FI0050Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB0006Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB0013Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB0017Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB0048Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
GB1055Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
HU0002
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
IS0091Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
LV0010
Observed
Modelled
51
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2LV1000
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
LV2000
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
LV5000Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
LV6000Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Pb wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NL0010Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NL0091Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0001Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0039Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0056Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
PL0004Observed
Modelled
52
Fig. 4.8. Modelled and observed monthly wet deposition fluxes of Cd at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
2
4
6
8
10
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2PL0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SE0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SE0014Observed
Modelled
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SE0020Observed
Modelled
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SI0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0002Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0004Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0006Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Cd wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
SK0007Observed
Modelled
53
4.3. Mercury
4.3.1. Air concentrations
Table 4.5. Annual mean modelled and observed Hg air concentrations, ng/m3, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc) and relative bias (Bias) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station Name Code Longitude Latitude Observed Modelled R Bias Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.8 1.56 1.51 ‐0.53 ‐3.0 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 1.29 1.52 ‐0.58 17.1 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 1.52 1.54 ‐0.42 1.4 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 1.49 1.58 ‐0.11 6.6 Pallas (Matorova) FI0036R 24.24 68 1.31 1.43 ‐0.1 9.8 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 1.39 1.45 ‐0.59 4.9 Diabla Gora PL0005R 22.07 54.15 1.42 1.48 0.13 4.7 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 1.29 1.41 ‐0.23 9.2 Halla SE0020R 13.15 56.04 1.37 1.54 0.29 12.4
Fig. 4.9. Modelled and observed annual mean concentrations of Hg in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Hg air concen
trations, ng/m
3
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Hg air con
centration
s, ng
/m3
DE0002
Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0003
Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0008
Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
DE0009
Obs
Mod
54
Fig. 4.10. Modelled and observed monthly mean concentrations of Hg in air at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3FI0036
Obs
Mod0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
GB0048
Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
PL0005
Obs
Mod0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0005
Obs
Mod
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg air co
ncen
trations, ng/m
3
SE0020
Obs
Mod
55
4.3.2. Wet deposition
Table 4.6. Annual sums of modelled and observed Hg wet deposition fluxes, g/km2/y, temporal correlation coefficient (Rc) and relative bias (Bias) at EMEP stations in 2018
Station name Code Longit Latit Observedflux
Modelledflux
R Bias
Kosetice(NOAK) CZ0003R 15.08 49.57 6.63 10.95 0.54 65.23 Westerland DE0001R 8.31 54.93 3.16 6.69 0.84 112.10 Waldhof DE0002R 10.76 52.80 2.48 5.01 0.79 102.31 Schauinsland DE0003R 7.91 47.91 6.73 14.36 0.64 113.33 Schmucke DE0008R 10.77 50.65 5.91 9.87 0.77 67.10 Zingst DE0009R 12.72 54.44 2.42 4.38 0.69 80.63 Lahemaa EE0009R 25.90 59.50 4.38 3.86 0.55 ‐11.83 Niembro ES0008R ‐4.85 43.44 5.05 5.33 0.61 5.50 Pallas (Matorova) FI0036R 24.24 68.00 3.90 5.86 0.06 50.50 Yarner Wood GB0013R ‐3.71 50.60 4.25 8.33 0.55 95.98 Heigham Holmes GB0017R 1.62 52.72 6.08 6.11 0.24 0.51 Auchencorth Moss GB0048R ‐3.24 55.79 2.88 4.67 0.55 61.95 Chilbolton Observatory GB1055R ‐1.44 51.15 3.29 5.92 0.63 79.98 Rucava LV0010R 21.17 56.16 2.72 3.15 0.29 15.90 De Zilk NL0091R 4.50 52.30 5.15 5.77 0.85 11.96 Birkenes NO0001R 8.25 58.38 8.18 10.60 0.75 29.47 Diabla Gora PL005R 22.07 54.15 1.17 7.74 0.66 563.76 Bredkälen SE0005R 15.33 63.85 4.66 5.35 0.31 14.84 Råö SE0014R 11.91 57.39 5.20 6.09 0.74 17.11 Hallahus SE0020R 13.15 56.04 7.55 4.82 ‐0.02 ‐36.18 Iskrba SI008R 14.87 45.57 4.58 13.60 0.50 197.31
Fig. 4.11. Modelled and observed annual wet deposition fluxes of Hg at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2 Observed
Modelled
56
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2CZ0003
Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DE0001Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DE0002
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
DE0003
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
DE0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
EE0009Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
ES0008Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
FI0036
Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB0013
Observed
Modelled
57
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2GB0017
Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB0048Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
GB1055Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
LV0010Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NL0091Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition
, g/km
2
NO0001Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
PL0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SE0005Observed
Modelled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SE0014Observed
Modelled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2
SE0020Observed
Modelled
58
Fig. 4.14. Modelled and observed monthly wet deposition fluxes of Hg at the EMEP stations in 2018
0
1
2
3
4
5
Jan
Feb
Mar Apr
May Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Hg wet dep
osition, g/km
2SI0008Observed
Modelled
5. POL
5.1. Le
a
Fig. 5.
LLUTION O
ead
c
e
.1. Lead atmo
OF MARGI
ospheric input
NAL SEAS
to the Baltic (
59
S
b
(a), Black (b),
b
b
Caspian (c), NNorth (d) and Mediterranea
an (d) Seas
5.2. Ca
a
Fig. 5.2. C
admium
c
e
Cadmium atmmospheric inpu
ut to the Baltic
60
c (a), Black (b)
b
d
), Caspian (c), North (d) andd Mediterrane
ean (d) Seas
5.3. M
a
Fig. 5.3. M
ercury
c
e
Mercury atmoospheric input
t to the Baltic
61
(a), Black (b),
b
d
Caspian (c), NNorth (d) and Mediterranea
an (d) Seas
62
6. ECOSYSTEM‐SPECIFIC DEPOSITION
Table 6.1. Classification of land‐cover types used for modelling of ecosystem‐dependent deposition [Strahler et al, 1999]
Land‐cover type DescriptionEvergreen Needleleaf Forests
Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
Evergreen Broadleaf Forests
Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees and shrubs remain green year round. Canopy is never without green foliage.
Deciduous Needleleaf Forests
Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of seasonal needleleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf‐on and leaf‐off periods.
Deciduous Broadleaf Forests
Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf‐on and leaf‐off periods.
Mixed Forests Lands dominated by trees with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of tree communities with interspersed mixtures or mosaics of the other four forest types. None of the forest types exceeds 60% of landscape.
Closed Shrublands Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover >60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous.
Open Shrublands Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover between 10‐60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous.
Woody Savannas Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 30‐60%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 meters.
Savannas Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 10‐30%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 meters.
Grasslands Lands with herbaceous types of cover. Tree and shrub cover is less than 10%. Permanent Wetlands
Lands with a permanent mixture of water and herbaceous or woody vegetation. The vegetation can be present in either salt, brackish, or fresh water.
Croplands Lands covered with temporary crops followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Note that perennial woody crops will be classified as the appropriate forest or shrub land cover type.
Urban and Built‐Up Lands
Land covered by buildings and other man‐made structures.
Cropland/Natural Vegetation Mosaics
Lands with a mosaic of croplands, forests, shrubland, and grasslands in which no one component comprises more than 60% of the landscape.
Snow and Ice Lands under snow/ice cover throughout the year.
Barren Lands with exposed soil, sand, rocks, or snow and never has more than 10% vegetated cover during any time of the year.
Water Bodies Oceans, seas, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. Can be either fresh or salt‐water bodies.
6.1. Le
Fig. 6.1. Abuilt‐up l
Fig. 6.3. Asavannas
Fig. 6.5. Ashrubland
ead
Annual total dands in the EM
Annual total ds in the EMEP
Annual total dds in the EME
deposition of PMEP region in
deposition of Pregion in 201
deposition of PEP region in 20
Pb on urban a 2018, kg/km2
Pb on woody 8, kg/km2/y
Pb on open 018, kg/km2/y
63
and 2/y
Figin t
Figthe
y Figthe
. 6.2. Annual the EMEP regi
. 6.4. Annual e EMEP region
. 6.6. Annual e EMEP region
total depositioion in 2018, kg
total deposition in 2018, kg/k
total deposition in 2018, kg/k
on of Pb on wg/km2/y
on of Pb on sakm2/y
on of Pb on grkm2/y
water bodies
avannas in
rasslands in
Fig. 6.7. Acropland/region in
Fig. 6.9. Aneedlelea
Fig. 6.11.broadleaf
Annual total d/natural vege2018, kg/km2
Annual total daf forests in th
. Annual total f forests in the
deposition of Petation mosaic2/y
deposition of Phe EMEP regio
l deposition ofe EMEP region
Pb on cs in the EMEP
Pb on evergreon in 2018, kg/
f Pb on decidun in 2018, kg/
64
P Figthe
een /km2/y
Figin t
uous /km2/y
. 6.8. Annual e EMEP region
. 6.10. Annuathe EMEP regi
total deposition in 2018, kg/k
l total deposition in 2018, kg
on of Pb on crkm2/y
tion of Pb on mg/km2/y
roplands in
mixed forests
6.2. Ca
Fig. 6.12.built‐up l
Fig. 6.14.savannas
Fig. 6.16.shrubland
admium
. Annual total ands in the EM
. Annual total s in the EMEP
. Annual total ds in the EME
l deposition ofMEP region in
l deposition ofregion in 201
l deposition ofEP region in 20
f Cd on urban 2018, g/km2/
f Cd on woody8, g/km2/y
f Cd on open 018, g/km2/y
65
and /y
Figin t
y Figthe
Figthe
. 6.13. Annuathe EMEP regi
. 6.15. Annuae EMEP region
. 6.17. Annuae EMEP region
l total deposition in 2018, g/
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
tion of Cd on w/km2/y
tion of Cd on sm2/y
tion of Cd on gm2/y
water bodies
savannas in
grasslands in
Fig. 6.18.cropland/region in
Fig. 6.20.needlelea
Fig. 6.22.broadleaf
. Annual total /natural vege2018, g/km2/
. Annual total af forests in th
. Annual total f forests in the
l deposition ofetation mosaic/y
l deposition ofhe EMEP regio
l deposition ofe EMEP region
f Cd on cs in the EMEP
f Cd on evergron in 2018, g/k
f Cd on decidun in 2018, g/k
66
P Figthe
reen /km2/y
Figin t
uous km2/y
. 6.19. Annuae EMEP region
. 6.21. Annuathe EMEP regi
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
l total deposition in 2018, g/
tion of Cd on cm2/y
tion of Cd on m/km2/y
croplands in
mixed forests
6.3. M
Fig. 6.23.built‐up l
Fig. 6.25.savannas
Fig. 6.27.shrubland
ercury
. Annual total ands in the EM
. Annual total s in the EMEP
. Annual total ds in the EME
l deposition ofMEP region in
l deposition ofregion in 201
l deposition ofEP region in 20
f Hg on urban 2018, g/km2/
f Hg on woody8, g/km2/y
f Hg on open 018, g/km2/y
67
and /y
Figin t
y Figthe
Figthe
. 6.24. Annuathe EMEP regi
. 6.26. Annuae EMEP region
. 6.28. Annuae EMEP region
l total deposition in 2018, g/
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
tion of Hg on /km2/y
tion of Hg on m2/y
tion of Hg on m2/y
water bodies
savannas in
grasslands in
Fig. 6.29.cropland/region in
Fig. 6.31.needlelea
Fig. 6.33.broadleaf
. Annual total /natural vege2018, g/km2/
. Annual total af forests in th
. Annual total f forests in the
l deposition ofetation mosaic/y
l deposition ofhe EMEP regio
l deposition ofe EMEP region
f Hg on cs in the EMEP
f Hg on evergron in 2018, g/k
f Hg on decidun in 2018, g/k
68
P Figthe
reen /km2/y
Figin t
uous km2/y
. 6.30. Annuae EMEP region
. 6.32. Annuathe EMEP regi
l total depositn in 2018, g/km
l total deposition in 2018, g/
tion of Hg on m2/y
tion of Hg on /km2/y
croplands in
mixed forestss