New Encounter: The Creation of a World Market
• Age of Exploration & Expansion- Islam and the spice trade
-Empire of Songhai--Timbuktu & the Niger River Valley
A New Player: Europe
• The motives: economics & religious zeal…for everyone?• The means: a state enterprise &
centralized monarchy; knowledge & technology (portolani); cartography; caravels;
Principal Voyages of Exploration
caravel & portolani
Conquest of the “New World”
• Myth: Columbus set out to do what?• Spanish conquistadors:– outfitted privately, not by the government– not professional soldiers of the king’s army– motivations: glory, greed, religious zeal– role of the Spanish patronage system
Governing the Empires
• The State & the Church in colonial Latin America• Exploiting the riches of the Americas• The Columbian Exchange• Christopher Columbus: hero or
villain?
Africa in Transition
• The Portuguese in Africa-monopolization of the gold trade
• The Dutch in Africa-Cape of Good Hope; Boers
• The Slave Trade-arrival of Europeans-growth of the slave trade-the Middle Passage-sources of slaves-effects of the slave trade
The Middle Passage
Southeast Asia & the Spice Trade
• Arrival of the West-Dutch East India Company
-10x the capital of the English E I C-Island of Java
-role of pepper plantations• State & Society in precolonial South East Asia
-religion and kingship-the economy
-regional & interregional trade-exports…ceramics, silk, luxury goods