7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
1/42
Bulla(e)
- Is a circumscribed, elevated lesionthat is more than 5mm in diameter,
usually contains serous fluid, and
looks like a blister.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
2/42
Lobule and lobulated
- Is a segment or lobe that is a partof the whole; these lobes sometimes
appear fused togueder.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
3/42
Pedunculated
- attached by a stemlike or stalklikebase similar to that of a mushroom.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
4/42
Sessile
- describing the base of a lesion thatis flat or broad instead of stemlike.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
5/42
Nodule
- Is a palpable solid lesion up to1cm in diameter found in soft
tissue, it can occur above, level
with, or beneath the skin surface.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
6/42
Pustules
- Is a variously sized circumscribedelevations containing pus.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.infoderm.com/images/las/lesions/pustule.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.infoderm.com/las/lesions/pustule.html&h=343&w=400&sz=42&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=aTliCZ7xlz0D_M:&tbnh=106&tbnw=124&prev=/images?q=pustules&svnum=10&um=1&hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enUS203US203&sa=N7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
7/42
Vesicle
- Is a small, elevated lesion less than1cm in diameter that contains
serous fluid.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
8/42
Retrocuspid Papillae
- Is a sessile nodule on the gingivalmargin of the lingual aspect of the
mandibular cuspids.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
9/42
Fistula
- Is
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
10/42
Attrition
- Is the wearing away of toothstructure during mastication. Is
normal occurrence as the
individual ages.
Involve incisal, occlusal, andproximal surfaces of deciduous and
permanent. Slow process, starts as
tooth are in contact. Influenced by
diet: fibrous food increases it. Men
more affected.
First signs: disappearance of the
mamelons.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
11/42
Abrasion
- Is the pathologic wearing away oftooth structure that results from arepetitive mechanical habit.
Slow process, the dentine responds bylaying down a protective layer of
secondary dentine. Presents as anotching of the root surface in areasof gingival recession.
Cause: improper tooth brushingtechnique (back-forth scrubbing
motion, excessive pressure). Other:opening bobby pins with teeth,holding needles or pins, musicianswho play wind instruments, pipesmokers.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
12/42
Abfraction
- Is an injury to the teeth. Wedge-shaped lesion at the cervical
area of teeth.
Related to fatigue, fracture,
deformation of tooth
structures. Tooth brushing may
cause it.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
13/42
Erosion
- Is the lost of tooth structureresulting from chemical action.
May occur in the smooth facial
and lingual surfaces, and on
the proximal and occlusalsurfaces. Area appears smooth
and polished. Occurs in an area
where restorations exist.
Causing agents: soft drinks, acid
in air in the chemical plants,
bulimia, sucking on lemons.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
14/42
Aspirin Burn (acetylsalicylic acid)
- Occurs when a patient with atoothache places an aspirin
tablet directly on the painful
tooth instead of swallowing.
Aspirin is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, must be
ingested to be effective. The
tissue becomes necrotic and
appears white, may separates
from the underlying connectivetissue and slough off resulting in
a large ulcer. Painful. Heals
slowly.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
15/42
ThermalBurn
- Occurs on the soft mucosa ofthe palate and tongue from hot
food or liquid.
Painful erythema and superficial
ulceration.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
16/42
Hematoma
- A lesion that results fromaccumulation of blood within
tissue as a result from trauma.
Red-purple to bluish gray mass
most frequently on the labial orbuccal mucosa. No treatment, will
spontaneously resolve.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
17/42
Mucocele
- forms when a salivary glandduct is severed and the mucoussalivary gland secretion spillsinto the adjacent connectivetissue.
Not a true cyst because it is notlined with epithelium. Swelling inthe tissue that increases anddecreases in size. Most commonon the lower lip, in children &
adoldescents. Can be clear tobluish in color. If chronic mayneed surgical excision
Causes: severed salivary gland duct.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
18/42
Solar Cheilitis
- Is a degeneration of tissue ofthe lips related to thecumulative wxposure tosunlight and the amount ofskin pigmentation.
Vermillion border is affected.Color appears pale, pinkish,mottled.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
19/42
Frictional Keratosis
- Chronic rubbing or frictionagainst an oral mucosal surfacethat may results in a thickeningof the keratin on the surface,called hyperkeratosis.
Looks as an opaque, whiteappearance of the tissue andrepresents a protective response likea callous on the hand.
Cause: tobacco pouch, chewing oncheeks.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
20/42
Ranula
- Is a mucocele like lesion thatforms unilaterally on the floorof the mouth.
Associated with the ducts of thesublingual and submandibularglands. Resembles the outpouchingthat occurs under the jaw of the frogwhen croaking..
Treated by surgery, the cause of
obstruction (often a salivary glandstone) must be removed.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
21/42
Tobacco Pouch Keratosis
- A white lesion usually in themucobuccal fold.
Caused by tobacco chewing.Epthelium has granular orwrinkled appearance(corrugated) in early lesions.Long time exposure may bemore opaquely white and have acorrugated surface. Increasedrisk for squanous cell carcinoma
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
22/42
Traumatic ulcer
- Occurs as a result of someform of trauma.
Causes: biting lip, tongue or
cheek; loose or tight fitting partial
or denture; sharp edges of food;the removal of a dry cotton roll
from the oral tissue after a dental
procedure.
If injury persistent it may result in
a hard (indurated), raised lesioncalled a traumatic granuloma.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
23/42
Gingival Enlargement
- is an increase in the bulk of freeand attached gingiva, involvingthe interdental papillae.
No stippling is seen, gingival
margins are rounded. May be
generalized or localized. Tissue
appear red, normal, or paler.
Cause: response to chronic
inflammation, idiopathic,medications (phenytoin, calcium
channel blockers), drug reaction,
hormonal changes, genetic, local
factors.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
24/42
Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis
or Pulp Polyp
- Is an excessive proliferation ofchronically inflamed dental pulptissue
Occurs in teeth with large, opencarious lesions. Asymptomatic,insensitive, appears as a red or pinknodule of tissue that fills the entirecavity of the tooth. Treat by eitherextraction or endodontic treatment.
Causes: dental caries.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
25/42
Acute Necrotized Ulcerated
Gingivites (ANUG)- Brought on by stress and/or
smoking, poor nutrition, mouthinfections.
Affects ages from 15-35. Painfulinfection , if untreated leads to
destruction of tissues, undermines thesupport of the teeth leading to toothloss.
Symptoms: Painful, bleeding gingiva,irritation, reddened and swollen, grayish
film on gingiva, crater-like ulcers, foultaste in the mouth, halitosis.
Treatment: Antibiotics, possible surgery,professional cleanings, irrigation (saltwater, peroxide solution), balanced diet,
no smoking/hot/spicy food.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
26/42
Fordyce Granules
- Are clusters of ectopicsebaceous glands.
Common on the buccal mucosa and
border of lips. Appear as tiny
yellow lobules in clusters.Asymptomatic. No treatment
.
Cause: variant of normal.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
27/42
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
28/42
Lingual Varicosities
- Are prominent lingual veins.
On ventral and lateral surfaces of
the tongue. Red-to-purple
Cause: aging process.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9G_Rq2vDndFlZ8A4QOJzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBjMHZkMjZyBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=1gv8kf9a3/EXP=1165516847/**http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=Lingual+Varicosities&ei=UTF-8&fr=yfp-t-410&x=wrt&w=520&h=417&imgurl=www.dent.ualberta.ca/McGaw/hygiene-99/Resources/varices.jpg&rurl=http://www.dent.ualberta.ca/McGaw/hygiene-99/varicosities.html&size=52.8kB&name=varices.jpg&p=Lingual+Varicosities&type=jpeg&no=1&tt=6&oid=f6de7ec4e3f45cc0&ei=UTF-87/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
29/42
Leukoedema
- A generalized opalescenceimparted to the buccal mucosa.
Most commonly observed in blaclk
adults. Gray-white film. If the
mucosa is stretched the opalescencebecomes less prominent. More
pronounced in smokers. Cannot be
removed. Benign.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
30/42
Linea Alba
- A white line that extendsanteroposteriorly on the buccal
mucosa along the occipital
plane.
Cause; clenching/bruxing habit.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
31/42
Fibrous Hyperplasia
- Also known as denture inducedfibrous hyperplasia orinflammatory hyperplasia.
Located in the vestibule along thedenture border is composed of
dense, fibrous connective tissuesurfaced by stratified squamousepithelium. Appear as elongatedfolds of tissue into which thedenture flange fits. The surfaceis ulcerated. Doesnt resolvewith the removal of the denture,require surgical removal ofexcess tissue.
Cause: ill-fitting denture.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
32/42
Papillary Hyperplasia of the Palate
- Is a form of denture stomatitis,appear at the palatal mucosa.
Is covered by multiple erythematous
papillary projections that give
the area a granular appearance.Composed of fibrous connective
tissue usually chronically
inflamed and surfaced by
stratified squamous epithelium.
Doesnt
resolve with theremoval of the denture, require
surgical removal of excess
tissue.
Cause: ill-fitting denture.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
33/42
Melanin Pigmentation
- Gives color to the skin, mucosa,gingiva.
Most commonly observed in dark
skinned individuals.
P i G l
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
34/42
Pyogenic Granuloma
or Pregnancy tumor- Proliferation of connective tissuecontaining numerous blood
vessels and inflammatory cells.Does not produce pus(pyogenic) and is not a truegranuloma.
Is ulcerated, soft to palpation,bleeds easily, deep red color, maybe sessile or pedunculated. Mostcommonly observed in the gingiva
but also on the lips, tongue, andbuccal mucosa. May need surgicalexcision.
Cause: response to injury, puberty,pregnancy.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
35/42
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
- Appears as a flat or slightlyoval/rectangular erythematous
(red) area in the midline of the
dorsal surface of the tongue,
beginning at the junction of the
anterior and middle thirds and
extending posterior to the
circumvallate papillae.
Smooth texture.
Cause: associate with candida.
DO NOT CONFUSE WITH
GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE.
G hi T
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
36/42
Geographic Tongue
or Benign Migratory Glossitis- Appears as diffuse area devoid
of filiform papillae on the dorsal
and lateral borders of the tongue.
Erythematous patches
surrounded by white/yellow
perimeter. Fungiform papillae
appear distinct within the
erythematous patch.
Patient may complain of a burning
discomfort. Exacerbated by stress.
Cause: genetic.
http://www.ent-usa.com/oral_photographs/geographic_tongue.jpg7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
37/42
Hairy Tongue
- Elongated filiform papillae onthe dorsal midposterior tongue.
The patient has an increased
accumulation of keratin on the
filiform papillae that results in awhite hairy appearance. The
papillae are brown/black due to
chromogenic bacteria.
Cause: associated with smoking,alcohol.
Treatment: brush the tongue.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
38/42
Fissure Tongue
- The distal surface of the tonguehave deep fissures or groves.
May become irritated if food debris
collects.
Treatment: brush the tongue.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
39/42
Amalgam Tatoo
- Is a flat, bluish-gray lesion onthe oral mucosa.
Caused by amalgam particles under
the skin. Occur at placement or
removal of amalgam restoration.May appear on radiograph.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
40/42
Angular Cheilitis
- Is a lesion on the labialcommissures.
Often caused by candida albicans
or can be from nutritional
deficiency (B-Complex Vit).
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
41/42
Nicotine Stomatitis
- Is a benign lesion on the hardpalate.
First sign due to heat is erythema.
Advanced sign include
increase in keratization andraised red dots are seen at the
openings of the minor salivary
gland on the palate
Cause: smoking.
7/27/2019 Pathology Exam 1
42/42
Irritation Fibroma
- Is a broad-based, dense scar-like connective tissue
containing few blood vessels.
Surface of pink color is
covered by stratified squamous
epithelium which makes itappear opaque and white.
Occurs as a result of chronictrauma usually on the cheek
(buccal mucosa chewing/biting)also occurs on the tongue, lips,and palate. Is less than 1cm indiameter. Usually surgicallyremoved.