(CorrrUht !>r .Tnmes Elmnon.)
SJSJ'
'1ALLY'S nose nnd eyes were red, nndthe felt "perfectly awful." Atleast,
f. ...-. the said she did. The last timeH!sg that Grandma Sykes had come from*-' "'
New Canaan she had brought ballya china cup and saucer. Both were
beautifully adorned with gold scrolls, nnd onthe trout of the cup it said: "For n B"O"girl."'Urandma Sykes had snid:
' „"1hope that will always mean you, Sally.Alas! the cup was now in so many tiny frag-
ments it could not be mended with old PeterTamper's giant cement.
Never to drink tea out of it again wouldhave been bad enough punishment, but whatcut deepest into Sally's tender heart was thatdear grandma was dead, and the cup was herlast gift.
"Iknow I'zaggerate sometimes," she sob-bed, "but this kinie Ido feel perfectly-awful!'' rThere were tears in Grandpa Syker blueeyes, but he took Sally on his knee, nnd fang
her a sontt, which had a droll chorus, endingin "Rink-ilum, ah!"
When SSdlly was calmed, he took from theshelf above the mantel a quaint, dark bluevase, on which were two fat storks.
"Now, my dear, tell me if this vase is chinaor earthenware?'' he said, kindly. "The din-ner-service is earthenware; your precious cupwas fine French porcelain—or china. Tell mewhat this is?"
F* IKOMFrance to England is not far; sothe distance may be easily gone
I, over here in a little group of stories
|S§T3 about little folks. This incident<<™ 'concerns the family of the Prince ofWales, now King Edward. The
Prince was at a railway station, and among
those in his company was one of his daugh-
ters—a girl"inher teens." This Princess sawan Automatic candy shop
—in other words, a
box into which you drop a penny, and fromwhich is straightway thrust a stick of choco-late. The Princess, having a sweet tooth,put in a coin, and out popped the candy.Then she put her hand into her pocket. Hor-ror of horrors! She had put into the box ahalf-crown instead of a copper! Great washer grief, and great was the laugh that aroseat her expense.
Extravagance Uncle Sam's Philosophy
A*"*"™"^FEWdays ago a Snail which wasmaking its way along the seashore. , met a Crab.
|Wtt"J* "I think it is pretty rough thatJWrtfWJ we have such a hard time tn get
along in the world," said the Snail."Look at those birds overhead! What high-flyers they arc!""Yes," replied the Crab; and Ihave no-
ticed in the water herrings and other fish thatget along very rapidly, whilstIcan hardly pullone foot after another. Let's stop and seethe boss about it."
That afternoou, aa Uncle Sam came downto the beach to smoke his cigar, the two crea-tures made their complaint.'"Why, my dear fellow," said Uncle Sam'
to the Snail, "you ought to be glad to have ahouse over your head, without wanting to flyaway with it. As to our friend, the Crab,there, he always was n crank, and never couldgo about, anything directly. Don't mind hisgrowling. Equality can't make major generalsout of the whole population, you know." .
And they departed ou their several ways.
. iX amusing incident occurred at aA wharf at Chattanooga, Term., while
.\u25a0- A_. a large, crowd was awaiting the2}s>flS ferryboat. Among the number onHB«)py| the wharfboat was an overgrown
youth of Borne eighteen summers,who belongs to that class which never missesan opportunity to do something smart, andwho imagined he saw an excellent opportunityto get in his work by pushing a big mastiffinto the water. The dog demurred <to thatarrangement, and ina hurried effort to escape,slipped betweeu the young man's legs, causinghim to wind up a series of interesting gyru-
3 tiona with a very unwillingplunge bath. If\u0084, ha intended to amuse the bystanders, thei youtii! man succeeded admirably.
An Unwillintf Bath
The rich, who can ride, and whose pursescan afford to spoil a few garments now andthen by rain, receive some benefit, of course,from these overgarments, but they are aninestimable boon to men and women of lim-ited means, who must face all weathers.
Kubber not only protects the body, but itis a means of reheveing pain in air-cushionsand hot-water bottles. Ithas ulao given thehospital and surgeon a long lu.t of appliancesand instruments, useful in preserving lite bypromoting recovery from disease.
since the manufacture of carpets began inEngland. Harboring, as it does, dust anddisease germs, the carpet may not be an un-mixed good; but it protects the feet of inva-lids and aged persons, and creeping infants,from cold, and so must add something to theaverage length of human life.
About two hundred years ago an ingeniousFrenchman traced a pattern with varnish, oncotton goods, and sifting powdered flock ofdifferent colors upon it, produced a pleasingand cheap wall-covering. Not long afterwardanother Frenchman invented a machine formaking continuous paper. Hand-printed wallpaper was soon made, but wall paper wasnot printed by machinery until 1840.
Paper was invented by the Saracens sometime in the seventeenth century; but, like?lass and the art of weaving, it was a longime in bringing comfort and cheer to the
poor.Cotton was manufactured into cloth in an-
cient Egypt, and inIndia before the dawn ofhistory, and Cortes found the Mexicans cloth-ed in cotton; but it was Dot manufactured inEurope until 930 A. D., when Abderahman111, the greatest of Moorish princes, wasreigning over the fairest part of Spain.
The name "cotton" comes to us from theArabic. But cotton was manufactured, in-deed, till the invention of the spinning jenny(17(59), the carding engine (17(50), the. 6teamengine (by Watt, 17(55) and the power loom(1787).
Bleaching by means of chlorines was dis-covered, then clothes were printed from cylin-ders, and you and I,dear reader, have in con-sequence an abundance of cheap, easily laun-dried undergarments and gowns, that queenswould have oeen proud to wear two hundredyears ago.
The manufacture of rubber has introducedanother cheap means of protecting the humanbody. There are plenty of grandfathers livingwho can tell you of the first rubber shoes,and the now universal rubber cloaks and coatsdate back but a few years.
Weaving is believed to. be an older art thanspinning. Rude looms are pictured on thetiimbi at Thebes, and it la believed thattne curtains of fine "twined linen, blue andpurple and scarlet, with cherubim of "cunningwork," made for the tabernacle, were tapes-tries, the work of the loom, not the needle.
The old etory of Peuelope and her oft-un-raveled web is familiar to.all. During themiddle ages, while Franco and England werebecoming nations, thousands of patient fingerstoiled at tapestries, picturing the stories ofthe Bible in many tinted threads of wooland silk, for some great cathedral, or weavingthe deeds of gallant knights on' hangings fora castle. Noble ladies worked at these tapes-tries, and great artiste made designs forthem, and no doubt they shielded many titled
heads from unpleasant draughts. But tapes-tries were not for the poor: neither were thecurtains of embroidered leather, which the Cru-saders brought patterns of from the East.
Skina of War and the wolf probably pro-tected the feet of Queen Elizabeth from thecold stone iloor of her bower. Itis doubtfulif soft ruga from Smyrna adorned it. Hushesstrewed tne floors, of her banquet hall* andaudieuce chambers. He was a rich man whocould afford fresh rushes every day.It U scarcely one hundred and lh'ty years
TiIIERE is probably as much discon-tent in the world as there ever
r, was; but there never was a periodSjs|s3] in its history when so many people
«~'
were- comfortably housed and fed asnow. •
Steam has revolutionized the poor man's ta-ble. Tea, coffee, spices, fruits from Californiaand Florida, are within his reach, and forfive dollars he can buy a coal oil stove, bywhich he can do a maximum of cooking at aminimum of cost.
Poor, indeed, is the Northern man wholiven ina house that hag no glass windows;but in the days of Queen Elizabeth and thegreat Chrales V, glass was very sparinglyused, even, in the most splendid establishment*.When a family possessing glass casementsleft home, .they had them, taken out andpacked up, for fear of accident, and for along period windows were movable property,like chairs and tables. But glass was knownto the ancient Egyptians, even before the exo-dus of the Israelites, so some scholars say.Bits of blue glass have been found in theruins of Thebes, and glass utonsiU unearthedat Ilerculaneum.
LOS ANGELES HERALD SUNDAY SUPPLEMENT
SALLY'S CHINA CUP
\u25a0JUJT THEM.TH& /UPPER- BELL RArtO.
linker's sister's going to paint a tea-set. Iheard her say so; but Ididn't believe it."-
"You may believe it. Of course, she willpaint onglazed china. And she willsend thepieces to some city, where they willbe bakedcarefully, till the paint, which is mineral, ishardened into a part of the fabric. But thereis painting done on the unburnt clay. Afterthe piece lias baked a while, itis then dippedinto a glaze made of petuntse
—that rock I
told you would melt— and the result is &umc-
thing very beautiful indeed. In the mostbeautiful porcelains, lines are cut into thesubstance of the article to be ornamented,and different colors are introduced, or inlaid,in it. Over this, of course, is the glaze."
"Iknow what the glaze is," said Sally,quietly. "Ipicked up a piece of my cup, andit looked a3 if there was a thin layer of glassall over it. Hut, grandpa, where is the pret-tiest china made?
"That depends on what you find beautiful.
Some Xlodern ComfortsJust then the supper-bell rang, and Sally
slipped from grandpa s knee."We're going to eat off porcelain plates, and
to drink out of porcelain cups," she said,smiling. "But Nora willpass the ginger-nutson an earthenware plate
—the majolica one
with the blackberries on it. You told mc theother day that majolica is not china. Idon'tquite understand all you Kiid. grandpa, butI'm going to think about it tillIdo-"
"This soft porcelain is sometimes calledpate tendre, which is simply French for softpaste. Only flowers and gems have the per-fect colors of these old Sevres porcelains— atleast, it seems so to me. Only hard porcelainis made there now—"
Once when T «\u25a0«« in lloston Isaw at thal/onn Collection, then on exhibition, a round-ed vane of pair-green ware. Two ulemler,vermilion-colored lizards formed the handle?.It wa« xhaped exactly likrc a peach, which isone of the Chinese emblems of a long life.Ihe colors were exquisite, nnd the curves ofUic lizard* were very graceful. Istuod a longtime before it,and thought it the most beau-tiful thinz Ihad ever seen. And then Iwent on to a case containing a tea service,which seemed made out of rose leaves nndgold, and Ithought that waa the most beauti-nil. litit a short time after 1 saw a vnsc,made at Kioto—a clouded blue one, with i\spray of white (lowers upon it—and 1 thoughtthat was superior to anything in porcelain Ihad ever seen. After that 1 went to Paris,and Itaw plates and cups and vases made ntSevres, on which the painting was like thework on a fine mininture, and Ithought Ihad never seen anything so beautiful. AtHrrlinIsaw some hne Dresden ware whichIcoveted, and inKnglandIsaw specimens thatsc< »!c to coveting again."
Dion t you bring any -of 'em home,grandpa?"
"No, dear. The grand things were all inmuseums, nnd articles in nny degree like themcost more money than Icould nfford. Ibrought home that,'! and grandpa pointed toa plate hanging on a maroon velvet panel. Itwas milk-white, and on it a graceful bluomaiden in a blue gown was watering a bluorose out of a blue watering-pot. "And Ibrought home two cups and two saucers,
rmted with violets. Your grandmother nnd,'! , ,to drillli tea Ollt ol them." !' And when. did they begin to make china
in r.uropef'
"About 17.1."," said grandpa. "It was achemist who begun it. In those days, chem-ists were suspected of evil doings, and even oflearning secrets of .Satan; and sometimes theyhad a very hard timo of it.
"A certain John Fredrich Botteher," livingin ISerlin, was accused of some crime becausehe -was a chemist, and to save his life, fledto Saxony.
"It waa then believed that lead, iron andsilver might he changed into gold, if only-somebody could find the right kind of liquidto pour on them, and Frederick Augustus I,Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, anx-ious for gold, put llottcher into a laboratory,which is a chemist's workshop.
"One day, Bottcher noticed that the whitepowder he put on his hair, after the fashionof the time, was very heavy. In his experi-ments he had already produced somethingvery like porcelain, and the elector, being asensible man, was delighted.
"Bottcher now tried the hair-powder, and,to his great joy, found he had exactly thematerial to make white porcelain. The whiteearth of the Eraebirge was no longer groundup into hair powder. A porcelain manufac-tory was established, in 1710. at Meissen, andBottcher was made director of it, and fiveyears later he made perfect porcelain.
"From this factory, though the secrets werecarefully guarded, a knowledge of the meth-ods used in manufacturing porcelain spread toVienna and Berlin, and thence to France,Italy and England. \u25a0 r . \u25a0 ,
"The factory at Sevres was establishedsome time in the last century— in 1750, Ithink—and first made what is called soft por-celain—that is, there waa more petuntse inthe mixture, and a very hot fire was notneeded. \u25a0:>
Sally gave a little gasp, and held the vaseup between herself ,and the light.
"Iguess it's china," she said, slowly. Ifeelight through it."
"It is china." said grandpa. "But do youknow why you can Bee light through it? andwhy you cannot we through a dinncr-plntc?
Solly shook her head, she did not like to;but there was no help for it.
"The dinner-plate is of clay. This is clayinfixed with a kind of rock, ground fine andcalled petuntse. 'Die clay does not melt, or,a» potters pay, fuse in heat. The petuntsedoes melt.""Isee!" cried Sally; "the heat makes it
transparent, just as heat changes the starch."Yes. But remember, no amount of heat
will bake earthenware into porcelain.""Porcelain, grandpa?" •"Yes. Porcelain and china mean the same
material. Chinese do not call their landChina, but foreigners do; and since the firstporcelain which the world ever saw came fromChina, the name has been transferred to por-celain, which is from the Portuguese wordnorcellanna, which in its turn means the glit-tering, glowing interor of a cowre shell. ThePortuguese were the first .Europeans to tradewith the Chinese, who, while they were will-ing to sell their pretty cups and vases, wereunwillingto disclose how they were made.Perhaps they told the Portuguese they usedbrilliant shells and fish-scales in manufactur-ing the finest porcelain. Perhaps the Portu-guese invented the story. At uny rate, therewas such a story told.
"Chinese writers say that pottery was madein their country more than two thousandyears before Christ. But it is certain thatthe delicate ware we call porcelain dates aboutthe time of His birth. It is said that theEmperor Chin-Tsung, who reigned in A. D.050, gave orders that the dishes made for hisuse 'must be as blue as the sky after rainwhen seen between clouds.' 'Blue as the sky,shining like a mirror, thin as paper, mid giv-ing forth a sound like a musical stone,' wasthe ware they made for him. So Ijudge itmust have bean very pretty indeed."
"There's a picture of the porcelain towerat Nankin up stairs in an old•geography,"said Sally. "Is that all china, like this vase?"
"That tower was destroyed by a storm, andit was not all porcelain, explained grandpa."Itwas of brick, faced with earthenware tilesof various colors. The white tiles alone wereporcelain. But as it was nine stories .high,there was considerable porcelain about it.
"How is china painted, grandpa? Miss
