1
Bony Fish
I. Structure
A. Body covered with scales and mucus1. increases hydrodynamic efficiency (↓ drag)2. makes fish hard to catch3. protects fish from infection4. cosmoid, cycloid, ctenoid, ganoid5. growth rings on scales tell age of fish
Scales of Bony Fish
cycloidctenoid
cosmoid ganoid
cycloid
I. Structure
B. Bony skeleton
I. StructureC. Paired fins
Exceptions: caudal & dorsal fins
D. Swim bladder
1. Bag of gas for buoyancy (controls depth)
2
D. Swim bladdera.decrease gas
= fish goes down
b.Increase gas, fish goes up
c. Change gas content by gulping air or diffusion of
air from blood stream
E. Operculum
1. Hard flap covering gills (protection)
2. Acts as a pump to draw water across gills when not swimming
II. Two types of Bony Fish
A. Class Sarcopterigii1. Lobe finned Fishes E.g. coelocanth2. A.k.a. fleshy-finned3. E.g. lungfish
Coelocanththought extinct
until 1938
Lungfish
1. aestivate (a type of hibernation) during times of drought
2. gulp air into modified “lung”until rainy season returns
B. Class Actinopterigii Ray-finned Fishes
• (including all teleosts) (23,600 species)
• (96% of all living fishes)• Bony spines (rays) covered by skin
form fins• E. g. salmon, trout, perch, etc.
3
Salmon Rainbow trout
Greenback trout Lake Trout
Golden Trout Brook Trout
4
Cutthroat Trout Jungle Perch
Silver Perch Striped Perch
Clown fish Clown fish with eggs
5
Ocean Sunfish aka mola Ocean sunfish & kayak
Tiger grouper Grouper & diver
Grouper & diver Grumpy looking Grouper
6
Record Grouper Cleaner Wrasse & goatfish
Cleaner Wrasse & sweetlips Hawaiian wrasse
Cleaner Wrasse cleaning gills Cleaner Wrasse & moray eel
7
Cleaner Wrasse & puffer Puffer / porcupine fish
Puffer / porcupine fish Puffer / porcupine fish
Puffer / porcupine fish Box fish
8
Box fish Box fish
Box fish Cowfish
Longhorn cowfish Unicornfish
9
Humuhumunukunukuapua’a(“Small trigger fish, snout like a
pig”)Sea Horses
Bibliography• http://www.earthlife.net/fish/skeleton.html retrieved 12/6/08• http://www.itresourcing.com.au/aquaculture/species/fish/fish.htm retrieved 12/6/08• www.sharky-jones.com/.../QA7%20-%20swimming.html retrieved 12/6/08• http://universe-review.ca/R10-33-anatomy.htm retrieved 12/6/08• http://dj003.k12.sd.us/science%20labs/dissection/fish%20dissection.htm retrieved 12/6/08• http://www.sportsmanschoice.com/A%20Note%20Worth%20Reading/fish.htm retrieved 12/6/08• http://www.amonline.net.au/fishes/what/scales/index.htm retrieved 12/6/08• http://cas.bellarmine.edu/tietjen/images/subphylum_vertefish.htm retrieved 12/10/08