Organised by:
Sponsored by:
Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practices
2nd – 4th October 2012 Surabaya INDONESIA
8th ASIA PACIFIC STUCTURAL
ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION
CONFERENCE
APSEC 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
Proceedings of the
Proceeding of Joint Conference 8th ASIA-PACIFIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2012) & 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH (ICCER 2012) Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practices Volume 1 & 2 (Digital version)
Jointly Published by Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru Johor, MALAYSIA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya INDONESIA © Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia © Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Printed in Malaysia e-ISBN: 978-983-44826-3-3 No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or any damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
Copyright © 2012 by Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise.
CONTENTS (Vol.1) No. Title. Page. KEYNOTE PAPERS 1. Recent Research and Development Trends of Concrete-Polymer Composites in
Japan Yoshihiko Ohama and Muhammad Aamer Rafique Bhutta
1-7
2 Managing UTM 9th Malaysia Plan Development Projects: Issues and Challenges Wahid Omar, Aminah Md Yusof , Asliza Abu Bakar and Abdol Fatah Abu Bakar
8-14
3 Sustainable Construction Practice: Beyond the Horizon Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid
15-18
4 Risk-Based Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings Pierino Lestuzzi
19-24
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 5 A Review on The Finite Element Modelling of Integral Abutment Bridges
Akilu Muhammad, Redzuan Abdullah and Yusof Ahmad
25-30
6 An Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Bolts under Tension and Direct-shear Cheng Fang, Michael Yam, K.F. Chung and Hongwei Ma
31-35
7 Modeling of Buckling Behavior of Reinforcing Bars Under Monotonic Loading Data Iranata
36-40
8 Static Non-Linear Analysis of RC Simple House Building Heppy Kristijanto and Data Iranata
41-46
9 Experimental and Numerical Study on The Fracture Energy of Early Age Concrete Fawzy El_Behairy
47-57
10 Effect of Groove Sizes and Positions on Timber Beams Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer H. Sarlan and Y. Ahmad
58-64
11 Extreme Value Analysis and Joint Density of Metocean Loads for Malaysian Water Idzwan Mohamad Selamat, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd. Nasir Abdullah
65-69
12 Numerical Investigation of Head Diameter Influence on Tensile Capacity of Headed Studs Jindřich Fornůsek and Petr Konvalinka
70-74
13 Experimental and Numerical Study on Softening and Pinching Effects of Reinforced Concrete Frame Mariyana A. Ab-Kadir, J.Zhang and Asif S. Usmani
75-78
14 Reinforcing Techniques Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: A Review N. I. Mokhtar and Y. Ahmad
79-89
15 Spectral & Cross-Spectral Analysis of Metocean Data for Malaysian Water Nurul Ashikin Binti Othman, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd Nasir Abdullah
90-93
16 Strength and Rigidity of Strengthened Cold-Formed Steel Moment Connection Prabowo Setiyawan, Mohd Hanim Osman and A Aziz Saim
94-98
17 Determination of Steel Cold-Form Deformation Behaviour Using Multiple Stereo Image Technique Radzuan Sa’ari, Suhaimi Abu Bakar, Aziz Saim, Mushairry Mustaffar, Prabowo Setiawan and Hanim Osman
99-104
18 Finite Element Models for Blind-Bolted End-Plate Connection on Structural Hollow Section Roya Kohandel Gargari , Mahmood Md Tahir and Shek Poi-Ngian
105-108
19 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Wide Beams Under Different Shear Reinforcement Seyed Esmaeil Mohammadyan Yasouj and Ramli Abdullah
109-112
20 Strength and Initial Stiffness of Extended End-Plate Connection based on the Component Model Shek Poi-Ngian, Mahmood Md Tahir and Arizu Sulaiman
113-119
21 Numerical Modelling of Top-Seat Flange-Cleat Connection In Light Steel Framing Lee Yeong Huei, Tan Cher Siang, Lee Yee Ling, Mahmood Md. Tahir and Shek Poi Ngian
120-124
22 Reliability in Forecasting Metocean Condition for Offshore Operation and Workability using ARIMA method Wan Zalikha Anas, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd Nasir Abdullah
125-129
23 Validating Hindcast Metocean Parameter with Measured Environmental Loads of Malaysian Water Zuraida Mayeetae, Mohd Shahir Liew, Kurian V. John and Mohd Nasir Abdullah
130-133
24 Numerical Implementation in Modeling Hysteretic Cyclic Response Behavior with Pinching of A Reinforced Concrete Beam-to-Column Connection Dicky I. Wahjudi, Priyo Suprobo, Hidajat Sugihardjo and Tavio
134-139
25 Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling of I-Beam With Stiffener Parallel To Web Paulus Karta Wijaya
140-149
26 Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling of I-Beam With Lateral Support Paulus Karta Wijaya
145-150
27 Influence of Chromosome Repairing in Genetic Algorithm for 2D Frame Optimization Mohammad Ghozi, Pujo Aji and Priyo Suprobo
151-155
28 High Grade Bolt Failure Concept in Truss Bridge According to Transformation from Static Load Case to Dynamic Vibration Load Arie Febry Fardheny and Priyo Suprobo
156-159
29 Optimization of Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) Steel Structure Using Genetic Algorithm-SAP 2000 Rokhmad Joni Catur Utomo, Mohammad Ghozi and Priyo Suprobo
160-164
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 30 Structural Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filled Steel Box Columns
S. Abdullah, H. Eltobgy and I. Shaaban
165-171
31 Partial and Full Interaction Behaviour of CFRP Plated Steel Member due to The Yielding of Steel Ibrisam Akbar, Deric J. Oehlers and Mohamed Ali Sadakkathulla
172-179
32 The Flexural Behaviour of Tubular Steel Member Strengthened With CFRP Ephrem Aragaw and Ibrisam Akbar
180-184
33 Application of Component Method on Partial Strength Connections Connected Between Column Flanges M. Md. Tahir, N. Yahya, S. Mohammad, A. B. A. Rahman and I. Juki
185-191
34 Influence of Roughness, Cohesion and Friction on the Interface Shear Strength of Composite Concrete-to-Concrete Bond Mazizah Ezdiani Mohamed Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim, A. Aziz Saim and Ahmad Baharuddin Abdul Rahman
192-198
35 Structural Performance Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Concrete Bonding System Under Tropical Climates M.H. Mohd.Hashim , M.F. Mohd.Arshad , A.R. Mohd.Sam and M.W. Hussin
199-207
36 Modelling of Shear Bond With Cohesive Element and Slenderness Study of Composite Slabs Yusuf Abdinasir, Redzuan Abdullah and Mushairry Mustaffa
208-216
37 Flexural Behaviour of Composite Slab Panel With Cold-formed Steel Section Lee Yee Ling, Tan Cher Siang, Lee Yeong Huei, Shahrin Mohammad and Shek Poi Ngian
217-221
38 Choice of Beam-to-Column Connection Systems in A Precast Concrete Moment Resisting Frame – Influence on Its Performance and Constructability Dicky I. Wahjudi, Priyo Suprobo, Hidajat Sugihardjo and Tavio
222-229
DISASTER AND MITIGATION 39 Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Approach to Evaluate Strategic
Importance of Lifeline Components Taksiah A. Majid and Ali Yousefi
230-233
40 Seismic Zone Mapping In Johor Bahru for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Choo Kok Wah, Rozana Zakaria and Azlan Adnan
234-238
EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 41 Dominate Frequency Tailing Embankment Interface to Bridge by 3D Finite Element
Method Behrouz Gordan, Azlan Adnan and Rajeev Kumar Prasannan Pillai
239-243
42 Earthquake Resistant Mainframe Computer Structure Analysis Design and Testing Budy D. Notohardjono
244-250
43 Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames under Seismic Loads A. Kadid, S. Noui, A. Zine and D. Yahiaoui
251-256
44 A Comparison of the Structural Performance of Low-Rise Timber Framed Buildings and Masonry Buildings in a Developing Country (Indonesia) Gede A. Susila, Partha Mandal and Tom Swailes
257-265
45 Study of Peak Ground Acceleration for Earthquake in Banda Aceh City Iman Wimbadi, Tavio, S. Kurdian and Hilda
266-271
ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND TRAINING 46 A Formal Program to Deliver Experience Civil Engineering Professionals
C.J. Nel and J.A. Wium
272-277
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 47 An Overview of Reusing and Recycling of Material Waste and Its Benefit
Asyran Syafiq Ya'cob
278-280
48 Sustainable Management in International Construction Environment and Cultural Issues M.Z. Abd Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and Iraj Nikookar
281-285
49 A Life Cycle-Assessment of Clay Brick Production: Comparing The Sawdust With Petroleum Coke Energy K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. N. Z. Mohd. Rasid and R. Zakaria
286-289
50 Construction Disputes and Negligence’s on Living Environment M. Z. Abd Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, M. Rakhshanifar and I. Nikookar
290-294
51 The Sustainability of Construction and Demolition Waste Management K. Yahya, R. Zakaria, Z. Haron, F. Othman, N. Othman, and F. Firmawan
295-300
52 Implementing 3R Concept in Construction Waste Management at Construction Site K. Yahya, R. Zakaria, Z. Haron and N.A. Rahman
301-303
53 A Sustainable Tourism Area – In A Way to Preserve the Environment: An Overview E.T. Mohamad, M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and N. Tajul Molok
304-308
54 Automated Prediction of Noise from Construction Sites Zaiton Haron, Nur’ain Idris, Zanariah Jahya, Khairulzan Yahya and Mushairry Mustaffar
309-314
55 Environmental Performance Assessment in Construction Projects: A Review Ferry Firmawan, Fadil Othman and Khairulzan Yahya
315-319
INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM 56 Adaptation of Green Technology (Industrialised Building System) in Sarawak
Construction Industry Asmah Alia Mohamad Bohari, Kumalasari Kipli, Husrul Nizam Hussin and Natasha Khalil
320-324
57 Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality of Fast Track Wall System House R. Mohammad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, F. Ghavami Rad and M.H. Kashefizadeh
325-331
58 An Integrated Approach to Enhance Sustainability in Industrialised Building Systems Riduan Yunus and Jay Yang
332-337
59 Selection Factors of Formwork System M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, R. Mohamad Zin, N. Sulong, M.A. Ismail, M. Taher Alashwal and S. Hassin
338-342
60 Drivers and Challenges of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Sustainable Construction Siti Mazzuana Shamsuddin, Rozana Zakaria, Sarajol Fikri Mohamed and Mushairry Mustaffar
343-348
61 Comparative Study of Conventional and Industrialized Building System (IBS) Construction Methods in Government Projects R.M. Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and Nurul Asma’ Nas
349-351
CONTENTS (Vol. 2) No. Title. Page. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 1. The Effectiveness of Planning Technique on Construction Projects Achievement
Adnan Enshassi and Bernd Kochendoerfer
1 – 5
2. Analytic Network Process Approach in Risk Assessment of Public-Private Partnership projects A.R. Valipour, N. Yahaya and N.M. Noor
6 – 10
3. Dispute Resolution in Malaysia: The Potential of Graph Model (GMCR) A. Md Yusof and W.F. Wan Husain
11 – 14
4. Standard Quality Achievement Level For Mont Kiara 11 Bachan Singh Besawa Jagar Singh, Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sukry Mohamad
15 – 19
5. Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) in Power Plant Projects in Iran Bahman Salami and Aminah Binti Yusof
20 – 24
6. Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Construction Industry in Sarawak Favilla Zaini, Asmah Alia Mohamad Bohari, Kumalasari Kipli and Azlina Bujang
25 – 29
7. The Implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Sarawak, Malaysia Kumalasari Kipli, Asmah Alia Mohd Bohari, Shahela Mamter and Mohd Esham Mamat
30 – 34
8. Knowledge Management and Growth Performance:Construction industry Perspective Mohamad Nizam Yusof, Abu Hassan Abu Bakar and Muhammad Asim Tufail
35 – 39
9. A Review of Value Creation from Procurement Contracts and Business Models for District Cooling Systems In Malaysia Ammar Maarof Adnan and Mohamad Syazli Fathi
40 – 48
10. Towards a Framework to Integrate the Usage of Standard Method of Measurement in Building Services Works Suhaila Remeli
and Sarajul Fikri Mohamed
49 – 54
11. Knowledge Sharing in Malaysian Construction Organisation Shaza Rina Sahamir, Rozana Zakaria, Othman Ibrahim
and A. H. Nawawi
55 – 62
INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR 12. The Effectiveness of Metal Straps Strengthening In Layers at High Strength
Concrete Column A.Z. Awang, W. Omar
and H.P. Lee
63 – 68
13. Behaviour of Externally-Confined High Strength Concrete Column Under Uniaxial Compression Load A.Z. Awang, W. Omar, H.P. Lee
and C.K. Ma
69 – 77
14. Make Concrete as a Sustainable Material for the Environment S.R. Sumadi, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, A. Ahankoob
, S.M. Khoshnava and
A.S. Abdulrahman
78 – 84
15. Oil palm shell structural lightweight aggregate concrete with low cement content Hilmi Mahmud, Payam Shafigh and Mohd Zamin Jumaat
85 – 89
16. New Concept for Optimal Application of Natural Fibre Reinforced Plastic (NFRP) in Building Construction Jauhar Fajrin, Yan Zhuge, Frank Bullen and Hao Wang
90 – 97
17. Application of Semi-Delphi Method in Material Selection for Concrete Pontoons Mohammad Ali Nekooie, Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad, Payam Hosseini and Mahyar Mahdinezhad
98 – 104
18. Resistance of Blended Ash Geopolymer Concrete Exposed to 2% Sulfuric Acid for 1-year (Acid Resistance of Geopolymer Concrete) M.A.M. Ariffin, M.A.R. Bhutta and M.W. Hussin
105 – 110
19. Chloride Resistance of Blended Ash Geopolymer Concrete (Chloride Resistance & Microstructural Analysis) M.W. Hussin, M.A.R. Bhutta and M.A.M. Ariffin
111 – 116
20. The Potential of Coal Bottom Ash as Additives in Road Sub-Base Aggregate Norazlan Khalid, Mazidah Mukri, Faizah Kamarudin, Norbaya Sidek and Mohd Fadzil Arshad
117 – 123
21. Mixture Design and Testing of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Petr Máca, Radoslav Sovják and Petr Konvalinka
124 – 130
22. Durability of Geopolymer Mortar Using Blended Ash from Agro-Industrial Waste M. Aamer Rafique Bhutta, Mohd Warid Hussin, Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Nor Hasanah and Abdul Shukor Lim
131 – 136
23. The Effect of Underside Shaped Concrete Block on Pavement Rutting Azman Mohamed, Hasanan Md Nor and Mohd Rosli Hainin
137 – 142
24. Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Evaluating Pozzolanic Activity of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Mohd Azrul Abdul Rajak, Zaiton Abdul Majid and Mohammad Ismail
143 – 149
25. Investigating Several Mechanical Properties of Concrete Made up with Hasankale Pasinler Pumice Mustafa Pekdemir, Rüstem Gül
and Muhammed Said Gül
150 – 158
26. Permeability of The Roller Compacted Concrete:A Case Study of Zirdan Dam of Iran Taha Mehmannavaz
, Salihuddin Radin Sumadi
, Muhammad Aamer Rafique
Bhutta , Vahid Khalili Khorram and Seyed Mahdi Sajjadi
159 – 166
27. Elastic-Plastic Performance of Calcrete Stabilized Unbound Material for Optimized Use in Pavement Layers in Northern Namibia Courage Silombela and Victor S. Kamara
167 – 171
28. Shear Capacity of Precast Beam Half-Joints Made of Steel Fibre Self-Compacting Concrete Roslli Noor Mohamed
172 – 176
29. The Effect of Waste Ash from Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil on The Marshall Properties of Asphalt Concrete Miftahul Fauziah and Alfian Saleh
177 – 181
30. Prediction of Fly Ash-Concrete Strength under Steam Curing with Maturity Method Candra Irawan, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Pujo Aji and Triwulan
182 – 185
31. Influence of Clay Fraction on Viscosity in Relation to Mudflow Budijanto Widjaja and Shannon Hsien-Heng Lee
186 – 189
32. Volcanic Ash on the Steam Curing Concrete Triwulan, J.E. Januarti, Pujo Aji and Rivoduta
190 – 194
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST 33. Initial Study of Low Frequency Ultrasound for Mitigation of Sulphate-Reducing
Bacteria (SRB) Norhazilan Md Noor, Nordin Yahaya, Rosilawati Mohd Rasol and Arman Abdullah
195 – 198
SAFETY AND RELIABILITY 34. Investigating Risk Factors Leading to Single-vehicle Rollover Collisions
Essam Dabbour
199 – 203
35. Corrosion Characterisation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Exposed to Marine Environment Mohammad Ismail, Hassan Ibrahim Ogiri, Abdulrahman Salawu Asitipa and Thayalan Balakrishnan
204 – 209
36. Reliability Based Design Optimization of Soil Nail System (abstract) Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap
and Mohammad Hazlee
210
37. Integrated Risk-Based Inspection Planning for Corroded Oil and Gas Pipeline Libriati Zardasti, Norhazilan Md. Noor and Nordin Yahaya
211 – 214
38. Conceptual Framework of a Sustainable Decommissioning Alternative for Offshore Platforms in Malaysia Noor Amila Wan Zawawi, Mohd Shahir Liew, Na Kai Lun
215 – 221
39. Development of a Framework for Safety Assessment of Mobile Mooring System Silvianita, Mohd Faris Khamidi and V.J Kurian
222 – 227
40. Risk Factor Analysis in the Manufacturing Process of Hollow Core Slab Theresita Herni Setiawan and Ihzarmurafi Huza Sukarni
228 – 234
41. Acoustic Emission Weibull Analysis for Reliability Evaluation of Pulsed Power Recycle Coarse Aggregate Concrete under Bending Ni Nyoman Kencanawati and Mitsuhiro Shigeishi
235 – 240
SOIL-STRUCTURES INTERACTION 42. Suction Distributions of Heterogeneous Residual Soils with Relict Discontinuities
A. Kassim, N. Gofar, N.A. Mokhtar and M.L. Lee
241 – 247
43. Numerical Modelling for Prediction on Axial Bearing Capacity of Driven Pile Ehsan Momeni, Harnedi Maizir and Nurly Gofar
248 – 253
44. The Effects of Deep Cracks on the Rain-Induced Instability of Slopes: A Study Case E. A. Suryo, C. Gallage, B. Trigunarsyah and A.Rachmansyah
254 – 259
45. Developing Qualitative Index of Pipeline Soil Corrosivity for Tropical Region Fatimah Aqilah Mohamad Nazim, Norhazilan Md Noor and Nordin Yahaya
260 – 263
46. Pullout Response of Irregular Shape Anchor in Dense Cohesionless Soil Hamed Niroumand, Khairul Anuar Kassim and Ramli Nazir
264 – 266
47. Uplift Response of Square Anchor Plates in Reinforced Sand Hamed Niroumand, Ramli Nazir and Khairul Anuar Kassim
267 – 274
48. Effect of Soilcrete Characteristics on Surface Settlement during Tunneling in Vietnam Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen and Binh T.T. Nguyen
275 – 279
49. Remedial Structures to Stabilize Long Xuyen Riverbank to Prevent Sliding in An Giang Province, Vietnam Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen and Du Ngoc Nguyen
280 – 285
50. The Effect of Tree Induce Suction on Soil Stabilization M.F. Ishak, A. H. Yahaya, N. Ali and A. Kassim
286 – 291
51. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Analysis Via MatPIV for Measuring Displacement of Shallow Foundation on Uniform Sand Siti Noor Linda Taib, Lau See Hung and Prabir Kumar Kolay
292 – 297
52. Multiple Regression Model for Predicting Metal Loss Using In-Situ Parameter Siti Nor Fariza Mior Mohd Tahir, Norhazilan Md Noor, Nordin Yahaya and Lim Kar Sing
298 – 301
53. Determination of Failure Surface Pattern due to Strip Footing Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid and Kamaruddin Ahmad
302 – 306
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING 54. Potential Improvement of UTM Existing Buildings to Response to Sustainable
Campus Initiatives A.L. Saleh, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, H. Ismail
and K.S. Foo
307 – 311
55. Feasibility Study on Potential of Photovoltaic Implementation in Malaysia to Reducing Carbon Emission A.L. Saleh, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, M.H. Kashefizadeh, F. Ghavami Rad and Hamed Rahnama
312 – 318
56. The Promotion of Sustainability Agenda for Facilities Management Through Developing Knowledge Capabilities Norliana Sarpin and Jay Yang
319 -324
57. Investigation of Eco-labeling Implementation in Malaysia M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S.M.Hosseini, S. Pezeshkzadeh
and
W.S. Yoong
325 -333
58. Parametric Cost-Benefit Analysis of Using Photovoltaic Technology in Commercial Buildings in Malaysia R. Zakaria,
, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. Abolfazl Pezeshkzadeh
and S. M. Hosseini
334 -342
59. Integration between Sustainable Design and Constructability R. Mohamad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. M. Khoshnava and A. Ahankoob
343 – 348
TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE 60. Multi-Criteria Analysis for Effectiveness and Difficulty of Traffic Management in
Disasters Anil Minhans and Chitrakala Muthuverrapan Pillai
349 – 358
61. Potential Adoption of Rubberised Asphalt Concrete (RAC) in Malaysia towards Green Road Construction H. Yaacob, M.Z. Abd. Majid, M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and H. Kamarul Bahrin
359 – 362
62. Performance of Steel Slag As Potential of Aggregate Replacement Towards Green Highway M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, M.Z. Abd. Majid, H. Md. Nor, A. Adnan, H. Yaacob, R. Zakaria, M. Bujang and W.N. Aifa
363 – 367
63. Installation of Midblock U–Turn Facilities on Multilane Divided Highways: An Evaluation of Driver’s Merging Gap Othman Che Puan, Sharifah Nurrul Hazwani Sayed Abdullah and Che Ros Ismail
368 – 374
64. The Risk Perspective of Green Highway Investment R. Zakaria, M.Z. Abd. Majid , R. Mohamad Zin, M. R. Hainin, H. Yaacob, A. Adnan, H. Md. Nor, A.N. Mazlan,
A. Ismail, Y.S. Yazid, K.S. Foo and N. Derin
375 – 378
65. Identification of Energy Efficiency Criteria for Malaysia Green Highway R. Zakaria, M.Z. Abd. Majid , R. Mohamad Zin, M.R. Hainin, O. Che Puan, H. Yaacob, A. Adnan, H.M. Nor, M. Ahmad, K.S. Foo, F. Ainee, N. Hamzah, S.O. Balubaid, A.N. Mazlan, A. Ismail and Y.S. Yazid
379 – 383
66. A Review of Sustainability Principles as A Comprehensive Approach to Assist Green Site Planning to Design Toll House in Green Road M.Z. Abdul Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and S. Balubaid
384 -390
67. Recycling of Pavement towards Sustainable Green Highway M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, M.Z. Abd. Majid, H. Md. Nor, A. Adnan, H. Yaacob, R. Zakaria, M. Bujang, W.N. Aifa, N. Derin and Y.S. Yazid
391 – 395
68. Design of Minimum Services Standard of Public Transport Terminal Infrastructure in Indonesia Agung Sedayu, Harnen Sulistio, Agoes Soehardjono and Achmad Wicaksono
396 – 400
i
APSEC 2012 is an international conference focusing on
topics related to structural engineering and construction.
The 1st APSEC conference was held in 1989 in the historical
city of Malacca. Since then the conference was held regularly
at every three years and had attracted many researchers,
academicians and engineers from local and abroad. The
previous 7th APSEC 2009 was jointly organised with
Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia and was held at
Awana Porto Malai, Langkawi, Malaysia. APSEC 2012 is
organized to provide platform for exchanging ideas on latest
advances in research and innovations, as well as state-of-
the-art information in the fields of structural engineering
and construction between scientists and engineers from both
the academia and industries.
ICCER 2012 is a two yearly event aimed at establishing
scientific link at international level, in order to share and
disseminate valuable information on activities in Civil
Engineering research in developing countries. The
conference covers state-of-the-art Civil Engineering research
in the field of structure, material, transportation
engineering and management, water resource engineering
and management, geotechnical engineering, construction
engineering and management, education in Civil
Engineering, design, experiment and construction
regulations and other related Civil Engineering research
issues. The conference offers opportunities to young
researchers, postgraduate students and professionals to
share ideas related to Civil Engineering research in
developing countries. The conference also provides
opportunities for future planning and initiative of
collaborations and joint-venture research.
The theme “Sustaining the world with better structures
and construction practice” expresses a wide range of issues
to be discussed in the conference.
This year conference is jointly organised by Faculty of Civil
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia and
Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia.
Editor-in-Chief
Dr. Norhazilan bin Md. Noor
Prof. Dr. Mohammad bin Ismail
Editorial Board (UTM)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Redzuan bin Abdullah
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aminah binti Md. Yusof
Dr. Yusof bin Ahmad
Dr. Izni Syahrizal bin Ibrahim
Dr. Roslli Noor Mohammed
Dr. Rozana binti Zakaria
Mr. Bachan Singh s/o Besawa Jagar
Singh
Editorial Board (ITS)
Prof. Ir. Dr. Priyo Suprobo
Prof. Dr. Christiono Utomo
Prof. Dr. Nadjaji Anwar
Prof. Dr. Indrasurya B. Mochtar
Dr. Januarti Jaya Eka Putri
Dr. Budi Suswanto
ii
Advisor: Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr. Zaini bin Ujang, Vice Chancellor, UTM Prof. Dr. Shahrin bin Mohammad, Dean Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Chairman: Prof. Dr. Mohammad bin Ismail, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM (APSEC 2012) Prof. Ir. Dr. Priyo Suprobo, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, ITS (ICCER 2012)
Deputy Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aminah binti Md. Yusof Secretary: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Redzuan bin Abdullah, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Dr. Rozana binti Zakaria Treasurer: Dr. Yusof bin Ahmad, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Members: Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Dr. Izni Syahrizal bin Ibrahim Dr. Roslli Noor Mohammed Dr. Norhazilan bin Md. Noor Mr. Bachan Singh s/o Besawa Jagar Singh
Miss Mardiana binti Abdul Azis Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, ITS Prof. Dr. Christiono Utomo Prof. Dr. Nadjaji Anwar Prof. Dr. Indrasurya B. Mochtar Dr. Januarti Jaya Eka Putri Dr. Budi Suswanto
ORGANISING COMMITTEE
iii
Prof. Dr. David A. Nethercot, Imperial College London, UK
Prof. Dr. Gamal Abdelaziz, Banha University, Egypt
Prof. Dr. Omar Saeed Baghabra Al-Amoudi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and
Minerals, Saudi Arabia
Prof. Dr. Abbas Aminmansour, University of Illinois, USA
Prof. Dr. Martin Skitmore, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
Prof. Dr. Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
Prof. Emeritus Dr. Vijaya Rangan, Curtin University, Australia
Prof. Emeritus Dr. R. N. Swamy, University of Sheffield, UK
Prof. Dr. Wan Hamidon bin Wan Badaruzzaman, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),
Malaysia
Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat, Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia
Prof. Dato’ Ir Abang Abdullah bin Abang Mohamad Ali, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),
Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Kamaruzaman Jusoff , Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Dato’ Abdul Samad, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Malaysia
Assoc. Prof Dr. Taksiah binti A. Majid, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia
Dr. Kim S. Elliott, British Precast, UK
Dr. Hamid Solaymani, University of Alberta, Canada
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
iv
FORWARD
MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN OF THE APSEC 2012
APSEC is a conference that has been organized by the Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM,
after every three years. Beginning from APSEC-5 (2003), we organised this conference
jointly with other institutions. For this conference, not only do we jointly organised with
ICCER (ITS) but also the venue itself is outside Malaysia, i.e. in Surabaya Indonesia. The
theme of today’s conference is ‘Sustaining the World with Better Structures and
Construction Practice’. This theme was chosen with the hope that this conference will be
able to generate creative and innovative ideas in addressing the current hot issues of green
technology, sustainable materials, automation, disaster management, soil structure
interaction, structural analysis, material behavior, composite structure particularly in the
construction sector.
This conference has been well attended as well as successful. Our participants are from around the globe (Europe,
Middle East, Africa, America, Australia, Malaysia and Indonesia). Hence this conference provides a good platform for
discussion and forum for engineering professionals, academics and researchers to widen their knowledge and approaches
in solving engineering problem and research. A total number of 130 papers were received and reviewed. Almost 90%
were presented. This proceeding is divided into sixteen sections in two separate volumes according to discipline and area.
The sections are Keynote, Construction and Environmental, Construction Management, Composite Structures, Disaster
Mitigation, Earthquake Engineering, Engineering Education and Training, Industrialised Building System, Innovative
Construction Materials and Material Behaviour, Non Destructive Testing, Structural Analysis and Design, Sustainable
Construction and Building, Soil-Structures Interaction, Safety and Reliability and Transportation Infrastructure,
I would like to express my deepest appreciation, especially to our distinguished keynote speaker, Minister Ir. Djoko
Kirmanto-Indonesia who officiated this conference. My appreciation also to all the keynote speakers; Prof. Dr. Eng.
Yoshihiko Ohama-Japan (polymer concrete), Prof. Dr. Muhd Zaimi Abdul Majid-Malaysia (construction), Prof Dr.
Wahid Omar-Malaysia (green campus), Prof Dr Pierino Lestuzzi-Switzerland (earthquake), session chairman and also to
all presenters and participants for their contribution to this conference
I would like to extend my appreciation to the following organizations who have given support for this conference ; The
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB), Public Works Department (JKR), Board of engineers
(BEM), The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), Malaysian society for engineering and technology (MSET),
Federation of engineering institution in Islamic countries (FEIIC), Malaysian highway authority (MHA), the Mayor from
the city of Surabaya Indonesia, HK-PT HUTAMA KARYA (persero), Waskita, NK-PT NIDYA KARYA (persero),
GEOSISTEM, Public works ministry of Indonesia. Thank you to our partner ICCER from the Department of Civil
Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS).
Special thank you to all APSEC organizing committee, the International Advisory and Technical Committee for their
time and effort put forth to ensure the success of this conference. To all delegates and participants I wish you beneficial
sessions throughout the conference and a pleasant stay in Surabaya, Indonesia.
PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD BIN ISMAIL
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
v
FORWARD
MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN OF THE ICCER 2012
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
It is my pleasure to conduct the Joint Conference of the 1st International
Conference on Civil Engineering Research (ICCER) and the 8th Asia
Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction (APSEC) 2012 in Mercure
Grand Mirama Hotel, Surabaya, Indonesia at 2-4 October 2012.
I would like to extend my warmest regards to all of the distinguished participants, especially those
who have travelled long distances to be present in Surabaya. Welcome to Indonesia, especially
welcome to the heroic city of Surabaya, which has a high spirits of creation and innovation.
This joint conference is an event aimed for establishing a scientific link at international level, in order
to share and disseminate valuable information on activities in Civil Engineering under the theme of
Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practice. The conference covers state-
of-the-art Civil Engineering research in the field of structure, material, transportation engineering and
management, water resource engineering and management, geotechnical engineering, construction
engineering and management, education in Civil Engineering; and other related Civil Engineering
research issues: such as design, experiment and construction regulations.
I believe that that the conference will provide an opportunity for participant to disseminate new
knowledge, and to share recent experiences, as well as new practices, technologies, and related codes.
In closing, I would like to once again extend my gratitude to all the participants and I look forward to
a most successful and fruitful conference. Your contribution to this conference is highly appreciated.
Thank you for your attention. God bless all of you.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
PROF. IR. PRIYO SUPROBO, MS, Ph.D
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
APSEC-ICCER 2012 Norhazilan Md. Noor et. al. (Eds.)
2 – 4 October 2012 | Surabaya, Indonesia
396 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3
“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”
Design of Minimum Services Standard of Public
Transport Terminal Infrastructure in Indonesia
Agung Sedayu Student at Doctoral Program, Department of Civil
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya Unversity,
Agoes Soehardjono Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Brawijaya University
Harnen Sulistio Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Brawijaya University
Achmad Wicaksono Lecture at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Brawijaya University
Abstract— Determination of minimum service standards (MSS)
has been carried out by the government of Indonesia as a
commitment to serve people in all development sectors. One of
that commitment to determine a MSS in transport infrastructure
sectors, especially public transport terminal. Public transport
terminal for passengers to date still not have a MSS. Law, Code,
Government Regulation, Minister of Transportation decision,
and other policies had not made more detailed and complete to
provide guidance on terminal minimum service. This study
suggests a contextual and conceptual discussion about design of a
MSS which refers to previous studies and MSS in other sectors
that had been made in Indonesia. Significance of a MSS for
terminal was needed, because many passenger terminals in
Indonesia had a low performance, ineffective and inefficient. The
Result of this study is services indicators and service
improvement prioritization of public transport terminal with
customer involvement.
Keywords: design of a MSS, transport terminal Infrastructure.
I. INTRODUCTION
The Indonesia government had effort to meet commitment to
serve people completely. This is evidenced by establishment
of government policies of minimum service standards in all
development sectors, including transport infrastructure sector
for national and local area. Passenger terminal is part of
transport infrastructure still not have minimum service
standards. Government policies on the terminal such as law,
government regulation, minister of transportation decision,
and other policies that have not been detailed and complete set
up and provide guidance on passenger terminal minimum
service. Along with declining in the performance and
effectiveness of the terminal, The public transport services are
also lower [1]. This conditions need improvement, because
transportation infrastructure effect on macros transport system
that are needed by community [2]. This research was
motivated by number of studies and planning for terminal on
technical aspects only, and did not consider user or customer
parameters that are terminal passenger, sometimes terminal
has been designed by good technically, but still not satisfying
customer. This study aims to establish a minimum service
standards (MSS) of public transport terminal are still not
detailed as set out in the Minister of Transportation Decision
no. 31/1995 about Road Transport Terminal [3], which only
provides an explanation, definition, and classification of
terminal facilities and the general outline that must be owned
by terminal. The novelty of this study in terms of setting
minimum service standards (MSS) of terminal according to
perception and needs of customers who called voice of
customer, because the study of the existing terminal is only to
evaluate and design the terminal use technical aspects only,
without regard to customer needs and desires. The Issues in
this review are :
1. What kinds of variables of public transport terminal
services in Indonesia according to customer needs and
wants?
2. How does the priority to improve service quality of public
transport terminal in Indonesia according to customer
needs and wants?
3. How do the variables influence public transport terminal
services in Indonesia according to customer needs and
wants on services quality that had been provided?
II. METHOD
This study suggests a contextual and conceptual
discussion to arrange the design of a MSS of transport
terminal which is based on previous studies and other MSS
techniques with adopted services variables and method of
determining priority of terminal service according to customer
perception. Methods for identify variables with terminal
services to customers through a preliminary survey to obtain
voice of customer and use Importance Performance Analysis
(IPA), to determine the priority of improving service quality
use Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and to determine the
degree of influence these variables on service quality use
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Survey respondents
APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.
397 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3
“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”
were customers and terminal organization. Customers who use
terminal to be classified as passenger, commercial areas
tenant, and public transport operators. The location of this
study on three city in Indonesia that are Surabaya, Malang,
and Kediri.
Fig 1. Research method development
The research method development is shown in Figure 1. To
know the priority of the terminal service variable according to
customer and organizer can arrange house of quality (HOQ)
that is part of QFD analysis as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3
shows the path diagram of SEM analysis to determine
influence levels of each service variable.
Fig 2. House of quality (HOQ) in QFD
Terminal services variables are supported by several
indicators. These variables were divided into four sections,
namely:
1. Management and organization with these indicators:
Performance, Security, Easily, and Responsiveness.
2. Transport technical and facilities with indicators:
Performance, Aesthetics, convenience, Reliability,
Durability, Frequency, and Leisure
3. Service quality contains indicators : Reliability,
Responsiveness, and Security
4. Customer satisfaction with indicators : Assurance,
Responsiveness, Performance, Aesthetics, convenience,
Reliability, Durability, Comfort, and Frequency
This research use disproportioned stratified random sampling,
which is sampling from population members at random and
stratified, but some are less proportional [4]. The following
description of the stakeholder to become sample target and
information source for interviews,
1. User include :
a. Passengers who regularly or frequently use terminal.
b. Passengers who rarely use terminal.
c. Tenant who use commercial facilities such as kiosks,
travel agents, shops, and restaurants.
d. Public transport operators
2. Organization, management, and related institution,
comprising:
a. Terminal Management Organization
b. Department of Transportation
c. Department of Public Works
d. Department of Urban and Regional Planning
e. Regional Development Planning Board
Fig 3. Path diagram model in SEM analysis
The reasons of using this sampling type, because the elements
characterized are heterogeneous sample or population, and the
heterogeneity have significance to achieve research goals. To
determine samples by using Bernoulli formula:
2
2
2a
e
p.qZ
N
(1)
Where :
N = minimum number of samples
Z = value of normal distribution
e = Level of error
p = proportion of questionnaires that are assumed true
q = proportion of questionnaire that are assumed false
Value is assumed true equal to 95%, and then questionnaires
that are assumed wrong equal to 5%, so the minimum number
of respondents :
Preliminary Survey
Second Survey
Services Variable
IPA SEM
QFD
Service Variables prioritization
Influences of Service Variables
e1
e2
Transport Technical
and Facilities
Management and
Organization
Service
Quality
Customer
Satisfac-
tion
APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.
398 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3
“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”
2
2
(0,05)
.0,95.0,051,96N → 7372,99N respondents
To avoid lack of data due to improper charging or
questionnaire not to be return, so it’s used:
• Terminal Type A : 73 + (50% x 73) = 110 respondents.
• Terminal Type B : 73 + (10% x 73) = 81 respondents.
Fig 4. Stratified random sampling technique of terminal user
Figure 4 describes the stratified random sampling and
disproportionate to terminal user. Respondent consisting of
management and related institution adapt to requirement and
willingness to develop technical response and technical
characteristics as an answer to needs, interests, and user
satisfaction on terminal service quality.
III. RESULTS
Codes or rules that already exist in Indonesia, which
gives a description and explanation of terminal such as the
Law of Republic of Indonesia no. 22/2009 about Traffic and
Transportation [5], Regulation of Government of Indonesia
no. 43/1993 about Infrastructure and Traffic [6], Minister of
Transportation Decision no 31/1995 about Transport
Terminal [3]. The third rules grouped passenger terminal into :
1. Type A, has function to serve public transport for
inter-city and inter-provincial transportation, state
boundary transportation, transportation between cities
in the province, and urban and rural transportation;
2. Type B, has function to serve public transport for
transportation between cities in the province, and
urban and rural transportation;
3. Type C, has function to serve rural transportation.
This study will assess terminal type A and B, because both
terminals in Indonesia called main terminal. Many variables
from previous researches is shown in Table 1. These variables
are taken in accordance with the conditions in Indonesia and
added to the variable that comes from the voice of customer.
TABLE 1.VARIABLES FROM PREVIOUS RESEARCHES
No Researcher Year Indicators
1 Constantine [7] 1999 Security, information,
availability, and aesthetics
2 Dragu, et al [8] 2001 Security, reliability, frequency, accessibility,
commodities, information,
comfort, and aesthetics 3 Trogisch [9] 2001 Location
4 Rauf [1] 2002 Completeness and facilities
condition, comfort, and security
5 Sholichin, et al [10] 2005 Space and site area
6 Purba [11] 2009 Facilities and management, accessibility, roads service
levels, security and environmental comfort.
7 Weningtyas, et al
[12]
2009 Reliability, physical aspects,
and responsiveness. 8 Pati, et al [13] 2009 Time, place flexibility for
ticket payment, safety
maintain of passengers and
goods, and easy to get
telephone service
9 Jarsemskiene [14] 2009 Time, efficiency, cost, responsiveness, and
accessibility
10 Saputra, et al[15] 2010 Time of arrival and departure, information services systems,
luggage workers, road
conditions, and terminal facilities.
The services variables as shown in Table 1 are grouped into
eight dimensions of quality [16], include:
1. Performance is a good level of consistency and
product functions.
2. Aesthetics are associated with the appearance of
product and facilities, equipment, personnel, and
communication materials related to the services.
3. Service ability related to improve the product easily.
4. Features are the product characteristics are
functionally different from similar ones.
5. Reliability is the probability of the product or service
within a certain period.
6. Durability is the useful life of the product.
7. Quality of conformance is a parameter show that a
product or service meets determined specifications.
8. Fitness for use is the suitability of product
performance its functions as well as advertised or
promised.
Variable operational framework based on service quality
improvement goals by meeting customer needs. If the
customer needs are met, the customer satisfaction will be met
too. If not, it is necessary to repair terminal services variable.
Flowchart of the operational framework of this research is
shown in Figure 5.
APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.
399 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3
“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”
Fig 5. Operational framework of the service variables
IV. DISCUSSION
Terminal is one of the transport infrastructure serve
transfer of passengers and goods by public transport.
Terminals were supported by facilities which are prepared to
serve its customers. Performance Based Design of Buildings
(PeBBu), Final Report Domain, CIBdf 2005 [17], provided
definition and performance based development on
infrastructures or facilities system, include building, bridge,
open space facilities, roads, terminals, and others. The main
framework of this study based on performance concept
according to PeBBu as shown in Figure 6. The demand
aspects are user languages that are defined functional need to
be translated to performance language for required facilities or
products. The supply aspect can be obtained by solution form
for the technical specification that ultimately to produce
performance specifications with process of measurement,
calculation, and simulation. This process creates performance
specifications. Two performance languages, demand and
supply are matched or compared for the suitability or
similarity.
Functional
needsDemand
Supply Technical
Specifications
Performance
requirements
Performance
Specifications
Compare and
Match
"User Language" Related to user's own
operations
WHY is it required (mission,
purpose)
WHAT is required (intended
use)
"Technical Language" Related to technical solutions
HOW can the requirements be
met
Understood by supply chain
partisipants
"Performance Language" Facility or product related
WHAT : properties required to
facilitate the intended use
"Performance Languange" Predicted and/or measured
properties of the solutions
offeredTranslation
Translation
Fig 6. Performance languages Between Two Parameters
Source: Spekkink, 2005 [17]
The design of a minimum service standard on passenger
terminal may refer to the Minimum Service Guidelines
belongs Land Transportation Sub Sector and System
Development of Traffic and urban transportation in Indonesia
[18]. The contents of the guidelines define that is:
1. Passenger and cargo terminal management includes
planning, implementation, and monitoring of terminal
operations. For the passenger terminal as follow :
a. Management
1. Terminal operational planning, include:
Terminal space arrangement according to
routes
Arranging facilities for passenger
Arranging terminal facilities
Designing traffic flow in terminal control area
Providing information board about travel
routes and transport tariffs
Preparing officers schedule in terminal
Evaluating terminal operation system
2. Terminal operational activities include:
Setting waiting room and traffic flow in
terminal
Inspecting monitoring card and itinerary
Setting arrival and departure according to
determined schedule.
Taking payment from terminal services
Notifying departure and arrival of public
transport to passengers
Arranging traffic flow in terminal control area
Recording and reporting all violations
Record vehicles and passengers coming and
leaving.
3. Terminal Operational Control, include:
Transport fares
Eligibility of vehicles operational
Maximum capacity allowable
All service by transport service providers
Utilization of terminal and supporting facilities
according to the function
b. Maintenance
Terminal maintenance activities include:
Maintaining durability and cleanliness of terminal
building
Maintaining durability and cleanliness of terminal
equipment, signs, and information boards.
Keeping aqueduct and waterways
Keeping electrical and lighting installations
Maintain communication tools
Maintain hydrant systems and fire extinguishers
c. Controlling
Passenger terminal has controlling to activities that
may interfere with terminal functions.
2. Operation of passenger terminal information system
include:
a. The number and type of route will be served
b. Realization of travel route, passengers, and public
transport per time unit
APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.
400 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3
“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”
c. The number and type of transportation violations
d. Passenger terminal retribution income
Operation of passenger terminal must be completed with
information facilities to the public include:
a. List of travel routes and transport fares
b. List of travel schedule
c. Picture or terminal layout map with the traffic
circulation system within and around the terminal
d. Signs and road markings.
e. Exit and entry passenger signage
f. Complaint boxes.
3. Human Resources (HR)
Human resources (HR), which conduct a passenger
terminal operations include:
The technical officer who has responsibilities on road
transportation and traffic.
Other officers who assist implementation of
operational activities, namely: cleaning service,
security, and officers who manage retribution.
5. CONCLUSION
The Minimum service standards (MSS) for passenger
terminal can be assessed by the two techniques according to
PeBBu include technical studies and information collecting
about user wants and needs. Technical review can be done to
find terminal capacity, parking capacity, vehicle queuing,
public transport scheduling, and others. While user language
can be obtained by brainstorming method to explore desires,
interests, and users satisfaction. From this information, we
obtain service indicators and attributes according to user
requirements. Attributes and indicators that can be considered
in a minimum service of passenger terminal include security,
safety, convenience, accessibility, equity, and regularity. The
indicators refer to a MSS formulation of public transport,
because the existing indicators and attributes can be used to
measure or evaluate terminal service quality for the future.
Improvement priorities of terminal services must considered
customer requirement and level of importance. Service
variable has influence to service quality of transport terminal
with direct and indirect effects. This influence can be modeled
by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
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Services Quality: A Case Study In Public Transport
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