Organised by:

Sponsored by:

Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practices

2nd – 4th October 2012 Surabaya INDONESIA

8th ASIA PACIFIC STUCTURAL

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

CONFERENCE

APSEC 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF

CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH

Proceedings of the

Proceeding of Joint Conference 8th ASIA-PACIFIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2012) & 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING RESEARCH (ICCER 2012) Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practices Volume 1 & 2 (Digital version)

Jointly Published by Faculty of Civil Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor Bahru Johor, MALAYSIA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya INDONESIA © Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia © Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Printed in Malaysia e-ISBN: 978-983-44826-3-3 No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or any damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.

Copyright © 2012 by Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise.

CONTENTS (Vol.1) No. Title. Page. KEYNOTE PAPERS 1. Recent Research and Development Trends of Concrete-Polymer Composites in

Japan Yoshihiko Ohama and Muhammad Aamer Rafique Bhutta

1-7

2 Managing UTM 9th Malaysia Plan Development Projects: Issues and Challenges Wahid Omar, Aminah Md Yusof , Asliza Abu Bakar and Abdol Fatah Abu Bakar

8-14

3 Sustainable Construction Practice: Beyond the Horizon Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid

15-18

4 Risk-Based Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings Pierino Lestuzzi

19-24

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 5 A Review on The Finite Element Modelling of Integral Abutment Bridges

Akilu Muhammad, Redzuan Abdullah and Yusof Ahmad

25-30

6 An Experimental Study of Shape Memory Alloy Bolts under Tension and Direct-shear Cheng Fang, Michael Yam, K.F. Chung and Hongwei Ma

31-35

7 Modeling of Buckling Behavior of Reinforcing Bars Under Monotonic Loading Data Iranata

36-40

8 Static Non-Linear Analysis of RC Simple House Building Heppy Kristijanto and Data Iranata

41-46

9 Experimental and Numerical Study on The Fracture Energy of Early Age Concrete Fawzy El_Behairy

47-57

10 Effect of Groove Sizes and Positions on Timber Beams Strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer H. Sarlan and Y. Ahmad

58-64

11 Extreme Value Analysis and Joint Density of Metocean Loads for Malaysian Water Idzwan Mohamad Selamat, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd. Nasir Abdullah

65-69

12 Numerical Investigation of Head Diameter Influence on Tensile Capacity of Headed Studs Jindřich Fornůsek and Petr Konvalinka

70-74

13 Experimental and Numerical Study on Softening and Pinching Effects of Reinforced Concrete Frame Mariyana A. Ab-Kadir, J.Zhang and Asif S. Usmani

75-78

14 Reinforcing Techniques Using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: A Review N. I. Mokhtar and Y. Ahmad

79-89

15 Spectral & Cross-Spectral Analysis of Metocean Data for Malaysian Water Nurul Ashikin Binti Othman, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd Nasir Abdullah

90-93

16 Strength and Rigidity of Strengthened Cold-Formed Steel Moment Connection Prabowo Setiyawan, Mohd Hanim Osman and A Aziz Saim

94-98

17 Determination of Steel Cold-Form Deformation Behaviour Using Multiple Stereo Image Technique Radzuan Sa’ari, Suhaimi Abu Bakar, Aziz Saim, Mushairry Mustaffar, Prabowo Setiawan and Hanim Osman

99-104

18 Finite Element Models for Blind-Bolted End-Plate Connection on Structural Hollow Section Roya Kohandel Gargari , Mahmood Md Tahir and Shek Poi-Ngian

105-108

19 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Wide Beams Under Different Shear Reinforcement Seyed Esmaeil Mohammadyan Yasouj and Ramli Abdullah

109-112

20 Strength and Initial Stiffness of Extended End-Plate Connection based on the Component Model Shek Poi-Ngian, Mahmood Md Tahir and Arizu Sulaiman

113-119

21 Numerical Modelling of Top-Seat Flange-Cleat Connection In Light Steel Framing Lee Yeong Huei, Tan Cher Siang, Lee Yee Ling, Mahmood Md. Tahir and Shek Poi Ngian

120-124

22 Reliability in Forecasting Metocean Condition for Offshore Operation and Workability using ARIMA method Wan Zalikha Anas, Mohd Shahir Liew and Mohd Nasir Abdullah

125-129

23 Validating Hindcast Metocean Parameter with Measured Environmental Loads of Malaysian Water Zuraida Mayeetae, Mohd Shahir Liew, Kurian V. John and Mohd Nasir Abdullah

130-133

24 Numerical Implementation in Modeling Hysteretic Cyclic Response Behavior with Pinching of A Reinforced Concrete Beam-to-Column Connection Dicky I. Wahjudi, Priyo Suprobo, Hidajat Sugihardjo and Tavio

134-139

25 Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling of I-Beam With Stiffener Parallel To Web Paulus Karta Wijaya

140-149

26 Elastic Lateral Torsional Buckling of I-Beam With Lateral Support Paulus Karta Wijaya

145-150

27 Influence of Chromosome Repairing in Genetic Algorithm for 2D Frame Optimization Mohammad Ghozi, Pujo Aji and Priyo Suprobo

151-155

28 High Grade Bolt Failure Concept in Truss Bridge According to Transformation from Static Load Case to Dynamic Vibration Load Arie Febry Fardheny and Priyo Suprobo

156-159

29 Optimization of Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) Steel Structure Using Genetic Algorithm-SAP 2000 Rokhmad Joni Catur Utomo, Mohammad Ghozi and Priyo Suprobo

160-164

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES 30 Structural Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filled Steel Box Columns

S. Abdullah, H. Eltobgy and I. Shaaban

165-171

31 Partial and Full Interaction Behaviour of CFRP Plated Steel Member due to The Yielding of Steel Ibrisam Akbar, Deric J. Oehlers and Mohamed Ali Sadakkathulla

172-179

32 The Flexural Behaviour of Tubular Steel Member Strengthened With CFRP Ephrem Aragaw and Ibrisam Akbar

180-184

33 Application of Component Method on Partial Strength Connections Connected Between Column Flanges M. Md. Tahir, N. Yahya, S. Mohammad, A. B. A. Rahman and I. Juki

185-191

34 Influence of Roughness, Cohesion and Friction on the Interface Shear Strength of Composite Concrete-to-Concrete Bond Mazizah Ezdiani Mohamed Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim, A. Aziz Saim and Ahmad Baharuddin Abdul Rahman

192-198

35 Structural Performance Analysis of Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Concrete Bonding System Under Tropical Climates M.H. Mohd.Hashim , M.F. Mohd.Arshad , A.R. Mohd.Sam and M.W. Hussin

199-207

36 Modelling of Shear Bond With Cohesive Element and Slenderness Study of Composite Slabs Yusuf Abdinasir, Redzuan Abdullah and Mushairry Mustaffa

208-216

37 Flexural Behaviour of Composite Slab Panel With Cold-formed Steel Section Lee Yee Ling, Tan Cher Siang, Lee Yeong Huei, Shahrin Mohammad and Shek Poi Ngian

217-221

38 Choice of Beam-to-Column Connection Systems in A Precast Concrete Moment Resisting Frame – Influence on Its Performance and Constructability Dicky I. Wahjudi, Priyo Suprobo, Hidajat Sugihardjo and Tavio

222-229

DISASTER AND MITIGATION 39 Application of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Approach to Evaluate Strategic

Importance of Lifeline Components Taksiah A. Majid and Ali Yousefi

230-233

40 Seismic Zone Mapping In Johor Bahru for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Choo Kok Wah, Rozana Zakaria and Azlan Adnan

234-238

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 41 Dominate Frequency Tailing Embankment Interface to Bridge by 3D Finite Element

Method Behrouz Gordan, Azlan Adnan and Rajeev Kumar Prasannan Pillai

239-243

42 Earthquake Resistant Mainframe Computer Structure Analysis Design and Testing Budy D. Notohardjono

244-250

43 Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames under Seismic Loads A. Kadid, S. Noui, A. Zine and D. Yahiaoui

251-256

44 A Comparison of the Structural Performance of Low-Rise Timber Framed Buildings and Masonry Buildings in a Developing Country (Indonesia) Gede A. Susila, Partha Mandal and Tom Swailes

257-265

45 Study of Peak Ground Acceleration for Earthquake in Banda Aceh City Iman Wimbadi, Tavio, S. Kurdian and Hilda

266-271

ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND TRAINING 46 A Formal Program to Deliver Experience Civil Engineering Professionals

C.J. Nel and J.A. Wium

272-277

CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 47 An Overview of Reusing and Recycling of Material Waste and Its Benefit

Asyran Syafiq Ya'cob

278-280

48 Sustainable Management in International Construction Environment and Cultural Issues M.Z. Abd Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and Iraj Nikookar

281-285

49 A Life Cycle-Assessment of Clay Brick Production: Comparing The Sawdust With Petroleum Coke Energy K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. N. Z. Mohd. Rasid and R. Zakaria

286-289

50 Construction Disputes and Negligence’s on Living Environment M. Z. Abd Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, M. Rakhshanifar and I. Nikookar

290-294

51 The Sustainability of Construction and Demolition Waste Management K. Yahya, R. Zakaria, Z. Haron, F. Othman, N. Othman, and F. Firmawan

295-300

52 Implementing 3R Concept in Construction Waste Management at Construction Site K. Yahya, R. Zakaria, Z. Haron and N.A. Rahman

301-303

53 A Sustainable Tourism Area – In A Way to Preserve the Environment: An Overview E.T. Mohamad, M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and N. Tajul Molok

304-308

54 Automated Prediction of Noise from Construction Sites Zaiton Haron, Nur’ain Idris, Zanariah Jahya, Khairulzan Yahya and Mushairry Mustaffar

309-314

55 Environmental Performance Assessment in Construction Projects: A Review Ferry Firmawan, Fadil Othman and Khairulzan Yahya

315-319

INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM 56 Adaptation of Green Technology (Industrialised Building System) in Sarawak

Construction Industry Asmah Alia Mohamad Bohari, Kumalasari Kipli, Husrul Nizam Hussin and Natasha Khalil

320-324

57 Assessment of Indoor Environmental Quality of Fast Track Wall System House R. Mohammad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, F. Ghavami Rad and M.H. Kashefizadeh

325-331

58 An Integrated Approach to Enhance Sustainability in Industrialised Building Systems Riduan Yunus and Jay Yang

332-337

59 Selection Factors of Formwork System M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, R. Mohamad Zin, N. Sulong, M.A. Ismail, M. Taher Alashwal and S. Hassin

338-342

60 Drivers and Challenges of Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Sustainable Construction Siti Mazzuana Shamsuddin, Rozana Zakaria, Sarajol Fikri Mohamed and Mushairry Mustaffar

343-348

61 Comparative Study of Conventional and Industrialized Building System (IBS) Construction Methods in Government Projects R.M. Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and Nurul Asma’ Nas

349-351

CONTENTS (Vol. 2) No. Title. Page. CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT 1. The Effectiveness of Planning Technique on Construction Projects Achievement

Adnan Enshassi and Bernd Kochendoerfer

1 – 5

2. Analytic Network Process Approach in Risk Assessment of Public-Private Partnership projects A.R. Valipour, N. Yahaya and N.M. Noor

6 – 10

3. Dispute Resolution in Malaysia: The Potential of Graph Model (GMCR) A. Md Yusof and W.F. Wan Husain

11 – 14

4. Standard Quality Achievement Level For Mont Kiara 11 Bachan Singh Besawa Jagar Singh, Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sukry Mohamad

15 – 19

5. Build Operate and Transfer (BOT) in Power Plant Projects in Iran Bahman Salami and Aminah Binti Yusof

20 – 24

6. Knowledge Sharing Barriers in Construction Industry in Sarawak Favilla Zaini, Asmah Alia Mohamad Bohari, Kumalasari Kipli and Azlina Bujang

25 – 29

7. The Implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Sarawak, Malaysia Kumalasari Kipli, Asmah Alia Mohd Bohari, Shahela Mamter and Mohd Esham Mamat

30 – 34

8. Knowledge Management and Growth Performance:Construction industry Perspective Mohamad Nizam Yusof, Abu Hassan Abu Bakar and Muhammad Asim Tufail

35 – 39

9. A Review of Value Creation from Procurement Contracts and Business Models for District Cooling Systems In Malaysia Ammar Maarof Adnan and Mohamad Syazli Fathi

40 – 48

10. Towards a Framework to Integrate the Usage of Standard Method of Measurement in Building Services Works Suhaila Remeli

and Sarajul Fikri Mohamed

49 – 54

11. Knowledge Sharing in Malaysian Construction Organisation Shaza Rina Sahamir, Rozana Zakaria, Othman Ibrahim

and A. H. Nawawi

55 – 62

INNOVATIVE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS & MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR 12. The Effectiveness of Metal Straps Strengthening In Layers at High Strength

Concrete Column A.Z. Awang, W. Omar

and H.P. Lee

63 – 68

13. Behaviour of Externally-Confined High Strength Concrete Column Under Uniaxial Compression Load A.Z. Awang, W. Omar, H.P. Lee

and C.K. Ma

69 – 77

14. Make Concrete as a Sustainable Material for the Environment S.R. Sumadi, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, A. Ahankoob

, S.M. Khoshnava and

A.S. Abdulrahman

78 – 84

15. Oil palm shell structural lightweight aggregate concrete with low cement content Hilmi Mahmud, Payam Shafigh and Mohd Zamin Jumaat

85 – 89

16. New Concept for Optimal Application of Natural Fibre Reinforced Plastic (NFRP) in Building Construction Jauhar Fajrin, Yan Zhuge, Frank Bullen and Hao Wang

90 – 97

17. Application of Semi-Delphi Method in Material Selection for Concrete Pontoons Mohammad Ali Nekooie, Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad, Payam Hosseini and Mahyar Mahdinezhad

98 – 104

18. Resistance of Blended Ash Geopolymer Concrete Exposed to 2% Sulfuric Acid for 1-year (Acid Resistance of Geopolymer Concrete) M.A.M. Ariffin, M.A.R. Bhutta and M.W. Hussin

105 – 110

19. Chloride Resistance of Blended Ash Geopolymer Concrete (Chloride Resistance & Microstructural Analysis) M.W. Hussin, M.A.R. Bhutta and M.A.M. Ariffin

111 – 116

20. The Potential of Coal Bottom Ash as Additives in Road Sub-Base Aggregate Norazlan Khalid, Mazidah Mukri, Faizah Kamarudin, Norbaya Sidek and Mohd Fadzil Arshad

117 – 123

21. Mixture Design and Testing of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete Petr Máca, Radoslav Sovják and Petr Konvalinka

124 – 130

22. Durability of Geopolymer Mortar Using Blended Ash from Agro-Industrial Waste M. Aamer Rafique Bhutta, Mohd Warid Hussin, Nur Farhayu Ariffin, Nor Hasanah and Abdul Shukor Lim

131 – 136

23. The Effect of Underside Shaped Concrete Block on Pavement Rutting Azman Mohamed, Hasanan Md Nor and Mohd Rosli Hainin

137 – 142

24. Electrical Conductivity Measurement in Evaluating Pozzolanic Activity of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Mohd Azrul Abdul Rajak, Zaiton Abdul Majid and Mohammad Ismail

143 – 149

25. Investigating Several Mechanical Properties of Concrete Made up with Hasankale Pasinler Pumice Mustafa Pekdemir, Rüstem Gül

and Muhammed Said Gül

150 – 158

26. Permeability of The Roller Compacted Concrete:A Case Study of Zirdan Dam of Iran Taha Mehmannavaz

, Salihuddin Radin Sumadi

, Muhammad Aamer Rafique

Bhutta , Vahid Khalili Khorram and Seyed Mahdi Sajjadi

159 – 166

27. Elastic-Plastic Performance of Calcrete Stabilized Unbound Material for Optimized Use in Pavement Layers in Northern Namibia Courage Silombela and Victor S. Kamara

167 – 171

28. Shear Capacity of Precast Beam Half-Joints Made of Steel Fibre Self-Compacting Concrete Roslli Noor Mohamed

172 – 176

29. The Effect of Waste Ash from Empty Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil on The Marshall Properties of Asphalt Concrete Miftahul Fauziah and Alfian Saleh

177 – 181

30. Prediction of Fly Ash-Concrete Strength under Steam Curing with Maturity Method Candra Irawan, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Pujo Aji and Triwulan

182 – 185

31. Influence of Clay Fraction on Viscosity in Relation to Mudflow Budijanto Widjaja and Shannon Hsien-Heng Lee

186 – 189

32. Volcanic Ash on the Steam Curing Concrete Triwulan, J.E. Januarti, Pujo Aji and Rivoduta

190 – 194

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST 33. Initial Study of Low Frequency Ultrasound for Mitigation of Sulphate-Reducing

Bacteria (SRB) Norhazilan Md Noor, Nordin Yahaya, Rosilawati Mohd Rasol and Arman Abdullah

195 – 198

SAFETY AND RELIABILITY 34. Investigating Risk Factors Leading to Single-vehicle Rollover Collisions

Essam Dabbour

199 – 203

35. Corrosion Characterisation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Exposed to Marine Environment Mohammad Ismail, Hassan Ibrahim Ogiri, Abdulrahman Salawu Asitipa and Thayalan Balakrishnan

204 – 209

36. Reliability Based Design Optimization of Soil Nail System (abstract) Indra Sati Hamonangan Harahap

and Mohammad Hazlee

210

37. Integrated Risk-Based Inspection Planning for Corroded Oil and Gas Pipeline Libriati Zardasti, Norhazilan Md. Noor and Nordin Yahaya

211 – 214

38. Conceptual Framework of a Sustainable Decommissioning Alternative for Offshore Platforms in Malaysia Noor Amila Wan Zawawi, Mohd Shahir Liew, Na Kai Lun

215 – 221

39. Development of a Framework for Safety Assessment of Mobile Mooring System Silvianita, Mohd Faris Khamidi and V.J Kurian

222 – 227

40. Risk Factor Analysis in the Manufacturing Process of Hollow Core Slab Theresita Herni Setiawan and Ihzarmurafi Huza Sukarni

228 – 234

41. Acoustic Emission Weibull Analysis for Reliability Evaluation of Pulsed Power Recycle Coarse Aggregate Concrete under Bending Ni Nyoman Kencanawati and Mitsuhiro Shigeishi

235 – 240

SOIL-STRUCTURES INTERACTION 42. Suction Distributions of Heterogeneous Residual Soils with Relict Discontinuities

A. Kassim, N. Gofar, N.A. Mokhtar and M.L. Lee

241 – 247

43. Numerical Modelling for Prediction on Axial Bearing Capacity of Driven Pile Ehsan Momeni, Harnedi Maizir and Nurly Gofar

248 – 253

44. The Effects of Deep Cracks on the Rain-Induced Instability of Slopes: A Study Case E. A. Suryo, C. Gallage, B. Trigunarsyah and A.Rachmansyah

254 – 259

45. Developing Qualitative Index of Pipeline Soil Corrosivity for Tropical Region Fatimah Aqilah Mohamad Nazim, Norhazilan Md Noor and Nordin Yahaya

260 – 263

46. Pullout Response of Irregular Shape Anchor in Dense Cohesionless Soil Hamed Niroumand, Khairul Anuar Kassim and Ramli Nazir

264 – 266

47. Uplift Response of Square Anchor Plates in Reinforced Sand Hamed Niroumand, Ramli Nazir and Khairul Anuar Kassim

267 – 274

48. Effect of Soilcrete Characteristics on Surface Settlement during Tunneling in Vietnam Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen and Binh T.T. Nguyen

275 – 279

49. Remedial Structures to Stabilize Long Xuyen Riverbank to Prevent Sliding in An Giang Province, Vietnam Hoang-Hung Tran-Nguyen and Du Ngoc Nguyen

280 – 285

50. The Effect of Tree Induce Suction on Soil Stabilization M.F. Ishak, A. H. Yahaya, N. Ali and A. Kassim

286 – 291

51. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Analysis Via MatPIV for Measuring Displacement of Shallow Foundation on Uniform Sand Siti Noor Linda Taib, Lau See Hung and Prabir Kumar Kolay

292 – 297

52. Multiple Regression Model for Predicting Metal Loss Using In-Situ Parameter Siti Nor Fariza Mior Mohd Tahir, Norhazilan Md Noor, Nordin Yahaya and Lim Kar Sing

298 – 301

53. Determination of Failure Surface Pattern due to Strip Footing Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid and Kamaruddin Ahmad

302 – 306

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING 54. Potential Improvement of UTM Existing Buildings to Response to Sustainable

Campus Initiatives A.L. Saleh, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, H. Ismail

and K.S. Foo

307 – 311

55. Feasibility Study on Potential of Photovoltaic Implementation in Malaysia to Reducing Carbon Emission A.L. Saleh, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, M.H. Kashefizadeh, F. Ghavami Rad and Hamed Rahnama

312 – 318

56. The Promotion of Sustainability Agenda for Facilities Management Through Developing Knowledge Capabilities Norliana Sarpin and Jay Yang

319 -324

57. Investigation of Eco-labeling Implementation in Malaysia M. Mustaffar, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S.M.Hosseini, S. Pezeshkzadeh

and

W.S. Yoong

325 -333

58. Parametric Cost-Benefit Analysis of Using Photovoltaic Technology in Commercial Buildings in Malaysia R. Zakaria,

, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. Abolfazl Pezeshkzadeh

and S. M. Hosseini

334 -342

59. Integration between Sustainable Design and Constructability R. Mohamad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron, S. M. Khoshnava and A. Ahankoob

343 – 348

TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE 60. Multi-Criteria Analysis for Effectiveness and Difficulty of Traffic Management in

Disasters Anil Minhans and Chitrakala Muthuverrapan Pillai

349 – 358

61. Potential Adoption of Rubberised Asphalt Concrete (RAC) in Malaysia towards Green Road Construction H. Yaacob, M.Z. Abd. Majid, M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and H. Kamarul Bahrin

359 – 362

62. Performance of Steel Slag As Potential of Aggregate Replacement Towards Green Highway M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, M.Z. Abd. Majid, H. Md. Nor, A. Adnan, H. Yaacob, R. Zakaria, M. Bujang and W.N. Aifa

363 – 367

63. Installation of Midblock U–Turn Facilities on Multilane Divided Highways: An Evaluation of Driver’s Merging Gap Othman Che Puan, Sharifah Nurrul Hazwani Sayed Abdullah and Che Ros Ismail

368 – 374

64. The Risk Perspective of Green Highway Investment R. Zakaria, M.Z. Abd. Majid , R. Mohamad Zin, M. R. Hainin, H. Yaacob, A. Adnan, H. Md. Nor, A.N. Mazlan,

A. Ismail, Y.S. Yazid, K.S. Foo and N. Derin

375 – 378

65. Identification of Energy Efficiency Criteria for Malaysia Green Highway R. Zakaria, M.Z. Abd. Majid , R. Mohamad Zin, M.R. Hainin, O. Che Puan, H. Yaacob, A. Adnan, H.M. Nor, M. Ahmad, K.S. Foo, F. Ainee, N. Hamzah, S.O. Balubaid, A.N. Mazlan, A. Ismail and Y.S. Yazid

379 – 383

66. A Review of Sustainability Principles as A Comprehensive Approach to Assist Green Site Planning to Design Toll House in Green Road M.Z. Abdul Majid, R. Zakaria, K. Yahya, Z. Haron and S. Balubaid

384 -390

67. Recycling of Pavement towards Sustainable Green Highway M.R. Hainin, R. Mohamad Zin, M.Z. Abd. Majid, H. Md. Nor, A. Adnan, H. Yaacob, R. Zakaria, M. Bujang, W.N. Aifa, N. Derin and Y.S. Yazid

391 – 395

68. Design of Minimum Services Standard of Public Transport Terminal Infrastructure in Indonesia Agung Sedayu, Harnen Sulistio, Agoes Soehardjono and Achmad Wicaksono

396 – 400

i

APSEC 2012 is an international conference focusing on

topics related to structural engineering and construction.

The 1st APSEC conference was held in 1989 in the historical

city of Malacca. Since then the conference was held regularly

at every three years and had attracted many researchers,

academicians and engineers from local and abroad. The

previous 7th APSEC 2009 was jointly organised with

Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia and was held at

Awana Porto Malai, Langkawi, Malaysia. APSEC 2012 is

organized to provide platform for exchanging ideas on latest

advances in research and innovations, as well as state-of-

the-art information in the fields of structural engineering

and construction between scientists and engineers from both

the academia and industries.

ICCER 2012 is a two yearly event aimed at establishing

scientific link at international level, in order to share and

disseminate valuable information on activities in Civil

Engineering research in developing countries. The

conference covers state-of-the-art Civil Engineering research

in the field of structure, material, transportation

engineering and management, water resource engineering

and management, geotechnical engineering, construction

engineering and management, education in Civil

Engineering, design, experiment and construction

regulations and other related Civil Engineering research

issues. The conference offers opportunities to young

researchers, postgraduate students and professionals to

share ideas related to Civil Engineering research in

developing countries. The conference also provides

opportunities for future planning and initiative of

collaborations and joint-venture research.

The theme “Sustaining the world with better structures

and construction practice” expresses a wide range of issues

to be discussed in the conference.

This year conference is jointly organised by Faculty of Civil

Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia and

Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, Institut Teknologi

Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia.

Editor-in-Chief

Dr. Norhazilan bin Md. Noor

Prof. Dr. Mohammad bin Ismail

Editorial Board (UTM)

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Redzuan bin Abdullah

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aminah binti Md. Yusof

Dr. Yusof bin Ahmad

Dr. Izni Syahrizal bin Ibrahim

Dr. Roslli Noor Mohammed

Dr. Rozana binti Zakaria

Mr. Bachan Singh s/o Besawa Jagar

Singh

Editorial Board (ITS)

Prof. Ir. Dr. Priyo Suprobo

Prof. Dr. Christiono Utomo

Prof. Dr. Nadjaji Anwar

Prof. Dr. Indrasurya B. Mochtar

Dr. Januarti Jaya Eka Putri

Dr. Budi Suswanto

ii

Advisor: Dato’ Prof. Ir. Dr. Zaini bin Ujang, Vice Chancellor, UTM Prof. Dr. Shahrin bin Mohammad, Dean Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Chairman: Prof. Dr. Mohammad bin Ismail, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM (APSEC 2012) Prof. Ir. Dr. Priyo Suprobo, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, ITS (ICCER 2012)

Deputy Chairman: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aminah binti Md. Yusof Secretary: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Redzuan bin Abdullah, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Dr. Rozana binti Zakaria Treasurer: Dr. Yusof bin Ahmad, Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Members: Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM Dr. Izni Syahrizal bin Ibrahim Dr. Roslli Noor Mohammed Dr. Norhazilan bin Md. Noor Mr. Bachan Singh s/o Besawa Jagar Singh

Miss Mardiana binti Abdul Azis Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, ITS Prof. Dr. Christiono Utomo Prof. Dr. Nadjaji Anwar Prof. Dr. Indrasurya B. Mochtar Dr. Januarti Jaya Eka Putri Dr. Budi Suswanto

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

iii

Prof. Dr. David A. Nethercot, Imperial College London, UK

Prof. Dr. Gamal Abdelaziz, Banha University, Egypt

Prof. Dr. Omar Saeed Baghabra Al-Amoudi, King Fahd University of Petroleum and

Minerals, Saudi Arabia

Prof. Dr. Abbas Aminmansour, University of Illinois, USA

Prof. Dr. Martin Skitmore, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia

Prof. Dr. Ing. Harianto Hardjasaputra, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia

Prof. Emeritus Dr. Vijaya Rangan, Curtin University, Australia

Prof. Emeritus Dr. R. N. Swamy, University of Sheffield, UK

Prof. Dr. Wan Hamidon bin Wan Badaruzzaman, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),

Malaysia

Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Zamin bin Jumaat, Universiti Malaya (UM), Malaysia

Prof. Dato’ Ir Abang Abdullah bin Abang Mohamad Ali, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),

Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Kamaruzaman Jusoff , Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Prof. Dr. Abdul Aziz bin Dato’ Abdul Samad, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),

Malaysia

Assoc. Prof Dr. Taksiah binti A. Majid, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia

Dr. Kim S. Elliott, British Precast, UK

Dr. Hamid Solaymani, University of Alberta, Canada

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

iv

FORWARD

MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN OF THE APSEC 2012

APSEC is a conference that has been organized by the Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM,

after every three years. Beginning from APSEC-5 (2003), we organised this conference

jointly with other institutions. For this conference, not only do we jointly organised with

ICCER (ITS) but also the venue itself is outside Malaysia, i.e. in Surabaya Indonesia. The

theme of today’s conference is ‘Sustaining the World with Better Structures and

Construction Practice’. This theme was chosen with the hope that this conference will be

able to generate creative and innovative ideas in addressing the current hot issues of green

technology, sustainable materials, automation, disaster management, soil structure

interaction, structural analysis, material behavior, composite structure particularly in the

construction sector.

This conference has been well attended as well as successful. Our participants are from around the globe (Europe,

Middle East, Africa, America, Australia, Malaysia and Indonesia). Hence this conference provides a good platform for

discussion and forum for engineering professionals, academics and researchers to widen their knowledge and approaches

in solving engineering problem and research. A total number of 130 papers were received and reviewed. Almost 90%

were presented. This proceeding is divided into sixteen sections in two separate volumes according to discipline and area.

The sections are Keynote, Construction and Environmental, Construction Management, Composite Structures, Disaster

Mitigation, Earthquake Engineering, Engineering Education and Training, Industrialised Building System, Innovative

Construction Materials and Material Behaviour, Non Destructive Testing, Structural Analysis and Design, Sustainable

Construction and Building, Soil-Structures Interaction, Safety and Reliability and Transportation Infrastructure,

I would like to express my deepest appreciation, especially to our distinguished keynote speaker, Minister Ir. Djoko

Kirmanto-Indonesia who officiated this conference. My appreciation also to all the keynote speakers; Prof. Dr. Eng.

Yoshihiko Ohama-Japan (polymer concrete), Prof. Dr. Muhd Zaimi Abdul Majid-Malaysia (construction), Prof Dr.

Wahid Omar-Malaysia (green campus), Prof Dr Pierino Lestuzzi-Switzerland (earthquake), session chairman and also to

all presenters and participants for their contribution to this conference

I would like to extend my appreciation to the following organizations who have given support for this conference ; The

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB), Public Works Department (JKR), Board of engineers

(BEM), The Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), Malaysian society for engineering and technology (MSET),

Federation of engineering institution in Islamic countries (FEIIC), Malaysian highway authority (MHA), the Mayor from

the city of Surabaya Indonesia, HK-PT HUTAMA KARYA (persero), Waskita, NK-PT NIDYA KARYA (persero),

GEOSISTEM, Public works ministry of Indonesia. Thank you to our partner ICCER from the Department of Civil

Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Planning, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS).

Special thank you to all APSEC organizing committee, the International Advisory and Technical Committee for their

time and effort put forth to ensure the success of this conference. To all delegates and participants I wish you beneficial

sessions throughout the conference and a pleasant stay in Surabaya, Indonesia.

PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD BIN ISMAIL

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

v

FORWARD

MESSAGE FROM CHAIRMAN OF THE ICCER 2012

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

It is my pleasure to conduct the Joint Conference of the 1st International

Conference on Civil Engineering Research (ICCER) and the 8th Asia

Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction (APSEC) 2012 in Mercure

Grand Mirama Hotel, Surabaya, Indonesia at 2-4 October 2012.

I would like to extend my warmest regards to all of the distinguished participants, especially those

who have travelled long distances to be present in Surabaya. Welcome to Indonesia, especially

welcome to the heroic city of Surabaya, which has a high spirits of creation and innovation.

This joint conference is an event aimed for establishing a scientific link at international level, in order

to share and disseminate valuable information on activities in Civil Engineering under the theme of

Sustaining the World with Better Structures and Construction Practice. The conference covers state-

of-the-art Civil Engineering research in the field of structure, material, transportation engineering and

management, water resource engineering and management, geotechnical engineering, construction

engineering and management, education in Civil Engineering; and other related Civil Engineering

research issues: such as design, experiment and construction regulations.

I believe that that the conference will provide an opportunity for participant to disseminate new

knowledge, and to share recent experiences, as well as new practices, technologies, and related codes.

In closing, I would like to once again extend my gratitude to all the participants and I look forward to

a most successful and fruitful conference. Your contribution to this conference is highly appreciated.

Thank you for your attention. God bless all of you.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

PROF. IR. PRIYO SUPROBO, MS, Ph.D

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

APSEC-ICCER 2012 Norhazilan Md. Noor et. al. (Eds.)

2 – 4 October 2012 | Surabaya, Indonesia

396 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3

“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”

Design of Minimum Services Standard of Public

Transport Terminal Infrastructure in Indonesia

Agung Sedayu Student at Doctoral Program, Department of Civil

Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya Unversity,

agung_resta@yahoo.co.id

Agoes Soehardjono Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Brawijaya University

agoessmd@yahoo.com

Harnen Sulistio Professor at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Brawijaya University

harnen@ub.ac.id

Achmad Wicaksono Lecture at Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of

Engineering, Brawijaya University

wicaksono1968@yahoo.com

Abstract— Determination of minimum service standards (MSS)

has been carried out by the government of Indonesia as a

commitment to serve people in all development sectors. One of

that commitment to determine a MSS in transport infrastructure

sectors, especially public transport terminal. Public transport

terminal for passengers to date still not have a MSS. Law, Code,

Government Regulation, Minister of Transportation decision,

and other policies had not made more detailed and complete to

provide guidance on terminal minimum service. This study

suggests a contextual and conceptual discussion about design of a

MSS which refers to previous studies and MSS in other sectors

that had been made in Indonesia. Significance of a MSS for

terminal was needed, because many passenger terminals in

Indonesia had a low performance, ineffective and inefficient. The

Result of this study is services indicators and service

improvement prioritization of public transport terminal with

customer involvement.

Keywords: design of a MSS, transport terminal Infrastructure.

I. INTRODUCTION

The Indonesia government had effort to meet commitment to

serve people completely. This is evidenced by establishment

of government policies of minimum service standards in all

development sectors, including transport infrastructure sector

for national and local area. Passenger terminal is part of

transport infrastructure still not have minimum service

standards. Government policies on the terminal such as law,

government regulation, minister of transportation decision,

and other policies that have not been detailed and complete set

up and provide guidance on passenger terminal minimum

service. Along with declining in the performance and

effectiveness of the terminal, The public transport services are

also lower [1]. This conditions need improvement, because

transportation infrastructure effect on macros transport system

that are needed by community [2]. This research was

motivated by number of studies and planning for terminal on

technical aspects only, and did not consider user or customer

parameters that are terminal passenger, sometimes terminal

has been designed by good technically, but still not satisfying

customer. This study aims to establish a minimum service

standards (MSS) of public transport terminal are still not

detailed as set out in the Minister of Transportation Decision

no. 31/1995 about Road Transport Terminal [3], which only

provides an explanation, definition, and classification of

terminal facilities and the general outline that must be owned

by terminal. The novelty of this study in terms of setting

minimum service standards (MSS) of terminal according to

perception and needs of customers who called voice of

customer, because the study of the existing terminal is only to

evaluate and design the terminal use technical aspects only,

without regard to customer needs and desires. The Issues in

this review are :

1. What kinds of variables of public transport terminal

services in Indonesia according to customer needs and

wants?

2. How does the priority to improve service quality of public

transport terminal in Indonesia according to customer

needs and wants?

3. How do the variables influence public transport terminal

services in Indonesia according to customer needs and

wants on services quality that had been provided?

II. METHOD

This study suggests a contextual and conceptual

discussion to arrange the design of a MSS of transport

terminal which is based on previous studies and other MSS

techniques with adopted services variables and method of

determining priority of terminal service according to customer

perception. Methods for identify variables with terminal

services to customers through a preliminary survey to obtain

voice of customer and use Importance Performance Analysis

(IPA), to determine the priority of improving service quality

use Quality Function Deployment (QFD), and to determine the

degree of influence these variables on service quality use

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Survey respondents

APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.

397 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3

“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”

were customers and terminal organization. Customers who use

terminal to be classified as passenger, commercial areas

tenant, and public transport operators. The location of this

study on three city in Indonesia that are Surabaya, Malang,

and Kediri.

Fig 1. Research method development

The research method development is shown in Figure 1. To

know the priority of the terminal service variable according to

customer and organizer can arrange house of quality (HOQ)

that is part of QFD analysis as shown in Figure 2. Figure 3

shows the path diagram of SEM analysis to determine

influence levels of each service variable.

Fig 2. House of quality (HOQ) in QFD

Terminal services variables are supported by several

indicators. These variables were divided into four sections,

namely:

1. Management and organization with these indicators:

Performance, Security, Easily, and Responsiveness.

2. Transport technical and facilities with indicators:

Performance, Aesthetics, convenience, Reliability,

Durability, Frequency, and Leisure

3. Service quality contains indicators : Reliability,

Responsiveness, and Security

4. Customer satisfaction with indicators : Assurance,

Responsiveness, Performance, Aesthetics, convenience,

Reliability, Durability, Comfort, and Frequency

This research use disproportioned stratified random sampling,

which is sampling from population members at random and

stratified, but some are less proportional [4]. The following

description of the stakeholder to become sample target and

information source for interviews,

1. User include :

a. Passengers who regularly or frequently use terminal.

b. Passengers who rarely use terminal.

c. Tenant who use commercial facilities such as kiosks,

travel agents, shops, and restaurants.

d. Public transport operators

2. Organization, management, and related institution,

comprising:

a. Terminal Management Organization

b. Department of Transportation

c. Department of Public Works

d. Department of Urban and Regional Planning

e. Regional Development Planning Board

Fig 3. Path diagram model in SEM analysis

The reasons of using this sampling type, because the elements

characterized are heterogeneous sample or population, and the

heterogeneity have significance to achieve research goals. To

determine samples by using Bernoulli formula:

2

2

2a

e

p.qZ

N

(1)

Where :

N = minimum number of samples

Z = value of normal distribution

e = Level of error

p = proportion of questionnaires that are assumed true

q = proportion of questionnaire that are assumed false

Value is assumed true equal to 95%, and then questionnaires

that are assumed wrong equal to 5%, so the minimum number

of respondents :

Preliminary Survey

Second Survey

Services Variable

IPA SEM

QFD

Service Variables prioritization

Influences of Service Variables

e1

e2

Transport Technical

and Facilities

Management and

Organization

Service

Quality

Customer

Satisfac-

tion

APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.

398 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3

“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”

2

2

(0,05)

.0,95.0,051,96N → 7372,99N respondents

To avoid lack of data due to improper charging or

questionnaire not to be return, so it’s used:

• Terminal Type A : 73 + (50% x 73) = 110 respondents.

• Terminal Type B : 73 + (10% x 73) = 81 respondents.

Fig 4. Stratified random sampling technique of terminal user

Figure 4 describes the stratified random sampling and

disproportionate to terminal user. Respondent consisting of

management and related institution adapt to requirement and

willingness to develop technical response and technical

characteristics as an answer to needs, interests, and user

satisfaction on terminal service quality.

III. RESULTS

Codes or rules that already exist in Indonesia, which

gives a description and explanation of terminal such as the

Law of Republic of Indonesia no. 22/2009 about Traffic and

Transportation [5], Regulation of Government of Indonesia

no. 43/1993 about Infrastructure and Traffic [6], Minister of

Transportation Decision no 31/1995 about Transport

Terminal [3]. The third rules grouped passenger terminal into :

1. Type A, has function to serve public transport for

inter-city and inter-provincial transportation, state

boundary transportation, transportation between cities

in the province, and urban and rural transportation;

2. Type B, has function to serve public transport for

transportation between cities in the province, and

urban and rural transportation;

3. Type C, has function to serve rural transportation.

This study will assess terminal type A and B, because both

terminals in Indonesia called main terminal. Many variables

from previous researches is shown in Table 1. These variables

are taken in accordance with the conditions in Indonesia and

added to the variable that comes from the voice of customer.

TABLE 1.VARIABLES FROM PREVIOUS RESEARCHES

No Researcher Year Indicators

1 Constantine [7] 1999 Security, information,

availability, and aesthetics

2 Dragu, et al [8] 2001 Security, reliability, frequency, accessibility,

commodities, information,

comfort, and aesthetics 3 Trogisch [9] 2001 Location

4 Rauf [1] 2002 Completeness and facilities

condition, comfort, and security

5 Sholichin, et al [10] 2005 Space and site area

6 Purba [11] 2009 Facilities and management, accessibility, roads service

levels, security and environmental comfort.

7 Weningtyas, et al

[12]

2009 Reliability, physical aspects,

and responsiveness. 8 Pati, et al [13] 2009 Time, place flexibility for

ticket payment, safety

maintain of passengers and

goods, and easy to get

telephone service

9 Jarsemskiene [14] 2009 Time, efficiency, cost, responsiveness, and

accessibility

10 Saputra, et al[15] 2010 Time of arrival and departure, information services systems,

luggage workers, road

conditions, and terminal facilities.

The services variables as shown in Table 1 are grouped into

eight dimensions of quality [16], include:

1. Performance is a good level of consistency and

product functions.

2. Aesthetics are associated with the appearance of

product and facilities, equipment, personnel, and

communication materials related to the services.

3. Service ability related to improve the product easily.

4. Features are the product characteristics are

functionally different from similar ones.

5. Reliability is the probability of the product or service

within a certain period.

6. Durability is the useful life of the product.

7. Quality of conformance is a parameter show that a

product or service meets determined specifications.

8. Fitness for use is the suitability of product

performance its functions as well as advertised or

promised.

Variable operational framework based on service quality

improvement goals by meeting customer needs. If the

customer needs are met, the customer satisfaction will be met

too. If not, it is necessary to repair terminal services variable.

Flowchart of the operational framework of this research is

shown in Figure 5.

APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.

399 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3

“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”

Fig 5. Operational framework of the service variables

IV. DISCUSSION

Terminal is one of the transport infrastructure serve

transfer of passengers and goods by public transport.

Terminals were supported by facilities which are prepared to

serve its customers. Performance Based Design of Buildings

(PeBBu), Final Report Domain, CIBdf 2005 [17], provided

definition and performance based development on

infrastructures or facilities system, include building, bridge,

open space facilities, roads, terminals, and others. The main

framework of this study based on performance concept

according to PeBBu as shown in Figure 6. The demand

aspects are user languages that are defined functional need to

be translated to performance language for required facilities or

products. The supply aspect can be obtained by solution form

for the technical specification that ultimately to produce

performance specifications with process of measurement,

calculation, and simulation. This process creates performance

specifications. Two performance languages, demand and

supply are matched or compared for the suitability or

similarity.

Functional

needsDemand

Supply Technical

Specifications

Performance

requirements

Performance

Specifications

Compare and

Match

"User Language" Related to user's own

operations

WHY is it required (mission,

purpose)

WHAT is required (intended

use)

"Technical Language" Related to technical solutions

HOW can the requirements be

met

Understood by supply chain

partisipants

"Performance Language" Facility or product related

WHAT : properties required to

facilitate the intended use

"Performance Languange" Predicted and/or measured

properties of the solutions

offeredTranslation

Translation

Fig 6. Performance languages Between Two Parameters

Source: Spekkink, 2005 [17]

The design of a minimum service standard on passenger

terminal may refer to the Minimum Service Guidelines

belongs Land Transportation Sub Sector and System

Development of Traffic and urban transportation in Indonesia

[18]. The contents of the guidelines define that is:

1. Passenger and cargo terminal management includes

planning, implementation, and monitoring of terminal

operations. For the passenger terminal as follow :

a. Management

1. Terminal operational planning, include:

Terminal space arrangement according to

routes

Arranging facilities for passenger

Arranging terminal facilities

Designing traffic flow in terminal control area

Providing information board about travel

routes and transport tariffs

Preparing officers schedule in terminal

Evaluating terminal operation system

2. Terminal operational activities include:

Setting waiting room and traffic flow in

terminal

Inspecting monitoring card and itinerary

Setting arrival and departure according to

determined schedule.

Taking payment from terminal services

Notifying departure and arrival of public

transport to passengers

Arranging traffic flow in terminal control area

Recording and reporting all violations

Record vehicles and passengers coming and

leaving.

3. Terminal Operational Control, include:

Transport fares

Eligibility of vehicles operational

Maximum capacity allowable

All service by transport service providers

Utilization of terminal and supporting facilities

according to the function

b. Maintenance

Terminal maintenance activities include:

Maintaining durability and cleanliness of terminal

building

Maintaining durability and cleanliness of terminal

equipment, signs, and information boards.

Keeping aqueduct and waterways

Keeping electrical and lighting installations

Maintain communication tools

Maintain hydrant systems and fire extinguishers

c. Controlling

Passenger terminal has controlling to activities that

may interfere with terminal functions.

2. Operation of passenger terminal information system

include:

a. The number and type of route will be served

b. Realization of travel route, passengers, and public

transport per time unit

APSEC-ICCER 2012: Agung Sedayu et al.

400 e-ISBN 978-983-44826-3-3

“Sustaining the World with Better Structures & Construction Practice”

c. The number and type of transportation violations

d. Passenger terminal retribution income

Operation of passenger terminal must be completed with

information facilities to the public include:

a. List of travel routes and transport fares

b. List of travel schedule

c. Picture or terminal layout map with the traffic

circulation system within and around the terminal

d. Signs and road markings.

e. Exit and entry passenger signage

f. Complaint boxes.

3. Human Resources (HR)

Human resources (HR), which conduct a passenger

terminal operations include:

The technical officer who has responsibilities on road

transportation and traffic.

Other officers who assist implementation of

operational activities, namely: cleaning service,

security, and officers who manage retribution.

5. CONCLUSION

The Minimum service standards (MSS) for passenger

terminal can be assessed by the two techniques according to

PeBBu include technical studies and information collecting

about user wants and needs. Technical review can be done to

find terminal capacity, parking capacity, vehicle queuing,

public transport scheduling, and others. While user language

can be obtained by brainstorming method to explore desires,

interests, and users satisfaction. From this information, we

obtain service indicators and attributes according to user

requirements. Attributes and indicators that can be considered

in a minimum service of passenger terminal include security,

safety, convenience, accessibility, equity, and regularity. The

indicators refer to a MSS formulation of public transport,

because the existing indicators and attributes can be used to

measure or evaluate terminal service quality for the future.

Improvement priorities of terminal services must considered

customer requirement and level of importance. Service

variable has influence to service quality of transport terminal

with direct and indirect effects. This influence can be modeled

by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

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Deployment in Improving Public Transport Terminal

Services Quality: A Case Study In Public Transport

Sungguminasa Gowa Terminal - Indonesia. Postgraduate

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2. Tamin, Ofyar Z. Planning, Modeling, and Transportation

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