© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The PEV Market and
Utility Charging
Infrastructure
Barbara Tyran
Director, Washington & State Relations
May 15, 2015
2© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phase I
Integrated Grid (IG) Paper
Feb 2014
Phase 2
Benefit-Cost Assessment
Feb 2015
Phase 3
IG Pilots
2015-16
Integrated Grid…Timeline
Extensive Stakeholder Coordination in
All Phases
3© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Integrated Grid is about
Enabling the Customer
The integrated grid allows Local Energy Optimization
to become part of Global Energy Optimization.
4© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Putting IG Framework to the TestDemonstration Pilots
Utility Scale Solar
Customer-Side Technologies
Distributed Energy Storage
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Utility Scale Solar with Energy Storage
Microgrids
5© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
State of the PEV Industry: US cumulative sales (3/31/2015)
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20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
220,000
240,000
260,000
280,000
300,000
320,000
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Nissan GM Tesla Toyota Ford Other BMW PHEV/EREV BEV
6© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
State of the PEV Industry: new arrivals
Make Model Type Body Style Battery
(kWh)
AER
(miles)
Launch
BMW i3 BEV;
REx
5 door hatchback 22 84/72 Q2 2014
Mercedes B-Class BEV 5 door hatchback 36 104 Q3 2014
BMW i8 PHEV Sports car 7.1 15 Q3 2014
KIA Soul BEV 5 door hatchback 27 95 Q4 2014
Porsche Cayenne PHEV SUV 10.8 22 Q4 2014
VW eGolf BEV 5 door hatchback 24 83 Q4 2014
7© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
State of the PEV Industry… a few thoughts
“Most Tesla Model S owners will be happy with 240V
charging at home. Plug it in at night, sleep, and wake to a
car ready for another 200-mile day. Beats pumping gas.”
– “Tesla Model S P85D.” Car and Driver, Feb 2015: 52. Print.
“Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche are about to
invest a combined $7.5B in new high-end electric vehicles
and plug-in hybrids due out between 2018 and 2021. Their
target: the American upstart from Silicon Valley.”
– Kacher, Georg. “Germany’s Plan to Shock Tesla.” Automobile, Feb
2015: 52. Print.
8© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
State of the PEV Industry
Plug-in electric cars are here
– Tesla, Chevy Volt, and Nissan LEAF all have extremely high customer
satisfaction ratings
Long-distance travel is possible… today
– What role do utilities play in high-power PEV charging?
Impact of Tesla’s sales
– Tesla’s Model S is penetrating the Mercedes S-Class, the BMW 7-
Series, Audi A8, etc. markets
9© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
State of the PEV Industry: the future
Make Model Type Body Style Battery AER Launch
Hyundai Sonata PHEV Sedan 9.8 22 Q1 2015
Mercedes S550e PHEV Luxury sedan 8.8 20 Q2 2015
Chevrolet Volt PHEV Hatchback 18.4 50 Q3 2015
BMW X5 PHEV SUV 9 20 Q3 2015
Mercedes GLE550e PHEV SUV 8.8 18 Q3 2015
Audi A3 etron PHEV Wagon 8.8 30 Q3 2015
Mercedes C350e PHEV Luxury sedan 6.2 20 Q4 2015
Tesla Model X BEV Crossover TBD 250 Q4 2015
Volvo XC90 T8 PHEV SUV 9.2 20 Q4 2015
Cadillac CT6 PHEV Luxury sedan TBD TBD Q1 2016
BMW 328e PHEV Luxury sedan TBD 22 Q1 2016
Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV Crossover TBD TBD Q2 2016
Audi Q7 etron PHEV SUV 17.3 25 Q4 2016
Chrysler Town & Ctry PHEV Minivan TBD TBD Q4 2016
Volvo V60 PHEV Wagon TBD TBD Q4 2016
Nissan Leaf BEV Hatchback TBD TBD Q4 2016
Chevrolet Bolt BEV Hatchback TBD 200 Q4 2017
VW CrossCoupe PHEV SUV 14.1 20 Q4 2017
Subaru Crosstek XV PHEV Crossover TBD TBD Q2 2018
Porsche Pajun BEV Luxury sedan TBD 220 Q4 2018
Jaguar F-Pace BEV Crossover TBD 300 Q2 2019
10© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure
Background and Justification
Why do utilities propose to own and/or operate PEV charging infrastructure?
– Hindsight
2010-2012 public investment (~$98M taxpayer): mixed results
– 2 big bankruptcies (Better Place and EcoTality)
– Remaining charging network is fragmented, often unreliable
Broader stakeholder consideration for utility role in PEV charging
– Business goals
Support PEV drivers
– Make sure charging stations are easy to use and reliable
– Better site and locate charging infrastructure to maximize utilization
– Reduce costs through scale
– Open up closed networks
Mixture of environmental goals, economic goals, and development goals
– ZEV mandate and GHG reduction (California)
– Economic goals (Georgia)
– Develop PEV market (Kansas)
11© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure: utility actions
Washington State: bill
would allow utilities to
earn 2% return while
depreciating. Gift
charging station to host
SDG&E: $103M pilot
filing. Rate base 5.5k
stations at MuDs and
workplaces. Provide
market education. Real
time pricing for drivers
plus delayed grid
investment for all
IPL: $12M filing.
Approved for $3M for
distribution upgrades “in
public interest”
KCP&L: $20M
shareholder funds. Own,
operate, and maintain
1000 charging stations.
No cost to host for
installation or drivers for
electricity for two years.
Asking for cost recovery
in parallel.
Georgia Power: $12M
to own, operate, and
maintain 60 charging
station islands. Provide
$250 home charging
rebate and $500
commercial charging
station rebate as well as
market education
PG&E: $654M pilot
filing. Rate base
installation, ownership
and operation of 25k
stations at MuD, public,
and workplaces. Provide
market education
SCE: $355M pilot filing.
Rate base construction
of up to 30k stubs in long
dwell locations, provide
rebates on stations and
market education
12© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure: current pilot proposals
Pacific Gas &
Electric Co.
Southern
California Edison
San Diego Gas
& Electric
Georgia Power Kansas City
Power & Light
Pilot
Investment
$654 M $355 M $103 M $12 M $20 M
Charging
Stations
25,000 stations,
100 DC Fast
Up to 30,000
stations
5,500 stations 60 DC Fast 1,000 stations,
15 DC Fast
Market Target
Segment(s)
Nonresidential Nonresidential
long-dwell time
locations
Workplace and
Multi-unit
dwellings
Company
locations, public
and workplace
Public and
workplace
Rate Recovery
Approach
EV balancing
account that
annually gets rolled
into distribution
rates
EV balancing
account that
annually gets
rolled into
distribution rates
Rate Base TBD Shareholders
until cost
recovery is
approved in rates
Bill Impact 70 cents per month
per customer
30 cents on $100
bill
Source: Eversource Energy
13© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure: how much should utility
own?
California
Utility
EV Service
Connection
EV Supply
Infrastructure
EV Charger
Equipment
Electricity
Pacific Gas &
Electric
New service -
utility owned
Utility owned Utility owned and
contracted to 3rd party
3rd party pays PG&E /
drivers pay 3rd party
Southern Calif.
Edison
New service -
utility owned
Utility owned Site host owned Site host pays electric bill
San Diego Gas
& Electric
New service -
utility owned
Utility owned Utility owned SDG&E real-time price to
EV drivers
Source: PG&E / Eversource Energy
14© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure: shifting utility role
Company State Action Status
Georgia Power Georgia $12M “Get Current Drive Electric” PEV charging program. Installing 60
public charging islands (10 on GP property and 50 at partner sites) with DC
FC and 2 Level 2 charging stations. Offering $250 rebate for L2 home
installation and $500 rebate for commercial EVSE installation. Also has
educational / awareness campaign.
Rebates available now.
Installations expected by Q2
2015.
Kansas City
Power and
Light
Kansas $20M to install 1,000 public and workplace L2 charging stations plus 15 DC
fast chargers. Installed, owned, operated, and branded by utility. No cost to
site host for installation or to customers for electricity for first two years.
Each site will have 2 – 5 stations (4 to 10 plugs). Partnering with BMW,
Ford, GM, Nissan, and Tesla. Basically KCP&L will own all charging
infrastructure in metropolitan area. Initially paid for by utility shareholder
funds, rates, and partners, but asking for cost recovery in parallel.
Installations in process. Goal
launch is summer 2015.
State Utilities Washington Offer Washington utilities 2% rate of return on owning charging stations.
Utility would install charging station and depreciate it over time. At end,
utility would gift station to customer.
Proposed in state legislature
(HB 1853 - Utility incentive
for EV charging
infrastructure)
IPL Indiana Requested $16M to pay for 250 charging stations in Indianapolis. Received
$3M to extend power (distribution upgrades) to charging stations “If in public
interest.”
Denied by Indiana PUC in
Feb 2015
Xcel Minnesota Proposed low cost off-peak PEV rates ($0.033/kWh) from 9 PM to 9 AM for
separately metered PEVs (full rate $0.06/kWh plus $5 monthly meter
charge)
Filed with PUC (2/2015)
BMW / VW /
Chargepoint
USA 100 DC fast charge stations along East Coast and West Coast Announced
VW USA $10M in charging infrastructure including the above partnership as well as
at VW dealers
Announced
15© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Utility PEV Charging Infrastructure: shifting utility role
Utility Docket and
Name
$ (M) # of
Charging
Stations
Overview and Key Components Specifics Filed /
Estimated
Decision
PG&E A.15-02-009
PG&E Electric
Vehicle
Infrastructure
and Education
Program
$654 25,000
(100 DC
fast
chargers)
Rate base service, construction,
installation, and operation of
charging station network. Utility
owned and 3rd party-operated
EVSEs. Utility determines tariff.
Also includes market education.
No cost to site host. PEV driver
separately billed by third party.
Focus on MUD, public, and
workplaces. No Level 1. 10%
dedicated to low-income
communities. Will sell to EVSP at
current TOU commercial rate.
Feb 2015 /
Nov 2015
SCE A.14-10-014
SCE Charge
Ready and
Market
Education
Program
$355 30,000
(up to)
Rate base support (service
upgrades) and construction of up to
30k charging stubs (make-readies)
between 2015 and 2020. Host
determines customer price (rate),
operations, and maintenance. Also
includes market education.
Pays for installation and provides
varying rebate for EVSEs including
Level 1 and Level 2. Focuses on
long-dwell sites like workplace, fleet
depots, destinations, and airports.
$22M pilot with 1,500 stations. 26
charging banks per site.
Oct 2014 /
Summer
2015
SDG&E A.14-04-014
SDG&E Electric
Vehicle-Grid
Integration Pilot
Program
$103 5,500 Objective is using pricing with
enabling technology to accomplish
grid-integrated charging to provide
benefits to all ratepayers by
delaying infrastructure investment.
Rate base service, construction,
installation, and operation of
charging station network between
2015 and 2020. Utility owned and
third party contracted to build,
install, maintain, and operate
EVSEs. Utility determines tariff.
Also includes market education.
The pilot will explore PEV drivers’
response to an innovative dynamic
rate that reflects conditions on both
the California ISO system and the
local distribution grid.
Focus on MUD and workplaces.
Variable electricity rate for PEV
charging based on CAISO day-
ahead price. Dynamic pricing signal
to recover commodity capacity
costs. Dynamic pricing signal to
recover distribution costs. Includes
app and website for customers. 10
charging banks per site.
Apr 2014 /
Summer
2015
16© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Closing Thoughts
Current Status
– Sales of PEVs passed 320,000
– Low oil/gas prices
– No new models first half of 2015, but…
7 new PEVs coming the latter half of 2015
6 new PEVs more coming in 2016
Infrastructure question
– More focus on workplace, multi-unit dwellings, and locations with long dwell time
– Less focus on short-term parking
– DC fast charging: how much is needed
– Continue Smart Charging R&D
Customer questions
– What do PEV customers want?
– Where is mass market?
17© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
For more information contact:
Barbara Tyran, [email protected]