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While Earthtravels through Space
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it Absorbs Energy from the Sun
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This natural Energy Collection and StorageSystem captures nearly 50% of the Solar
Energy falling on Earth
thus maintaining a nearly ConstantTemperature throughout the year just below the
surface
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Water is an incredibly efficient mediumfor transporting Thermal Energy
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Geothermal Heat Pump Systemscombine Sun, Earth, and Water using proven technology
to create the most energy-efficient,environmentally clean, and cost-effective
space-conditioning system(according to U.S. EPA 1993)
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Geothermal Heat PumpBasic Principles
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The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter
Outdoor air design temperature:5F in winter
72F
60F
Insulating layer of earth
A geothermal heat pump takes heat from the earthduring winter and transfers it into the building
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and an Efficient Place toReject Heat in Summer
Outdoor air design temperature:100F in summer
74F
60F
Insulating layer of earth
A geothermal heat pump cools the building insummer by rejecting heat into the earth
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A geothermal heat pump isconnected to a sealed water
piping loop buried in the earthnear the building
When water exiting the heatpump is pumped through theground loop, it is naturallywarmed (or cooled) by the earthsurrounding it
Insulating layer of earth
using Heat Pump Technology
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Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency
One unit of energyfrom the grid
Plus:4 units of energy
from the earth
Yields:5 units of energy
for the building
500% Efficient
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Air In70 F
Air Out100 F
Water Out44 F
Water In
50 F
Compressor
Fan
Water Coil
Air Coil
ReversingValve
Expans ionValve
Geothermal Heat PumpsExchange Heat between Air and Water
$1 Worth of Electricity toOperate the Compressor
and Fan
Moves $4 Worth of Heatfrom the Water
Delivering $5 Worth of Heat into the Air
Heating Mode Shown
Heat can be pumped uphillmeaning delivered at a higher temperature than the source
$4$4
$1$1
$5$5
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Geothermal Heat PumpsHeat or Cool on Demand and also
Produce Hot Water
Operates on the SamePrinciple as a Refrigerator
Cooling Mode Shown
160F
Air In80 F
Air Out58 F
Water Out80 F
Water In
70 F
Compressor
Fan
Water Coil
Air Coil
ReversingValve
ExpansionValve
HW
In90 F
HW
Out120 F
Hot water is producedwhenever the unit is operating
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Heat Pumps Are All Around UsAir conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses tothe air outside
Refrigerators transfer heat from food intothe kitchen
HEAT
BBB
HEAT
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Geothermal Heat Pumps
Self-containedheating, cooling and
hot water
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Geothermal Heat PumpInstallation Methods
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Vertical Closed-LoopA pair of pipes with a special U-bend assembly at thebottom is placed into bore holes from 100 to 400 feet deep
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Horizontal Closed-Loop A piping array is installed in trenches cut 3 to 5 feetdeep and hundreds of feet in length
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Surface Water Closed-LoopA piping array is submerged in a pond
or lake at least 8 feet deep
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Ground Water Open-LoopWell water from an underground aquifer ispumped through the geothermal heatpump and then returned to the aquifer or
discharged to the surface
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Vertical Closed-Loop Installation
DrillingPipe LoopInsertion Heat Fusing
InsideConnection
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Geothermal systems are at work in thousands of buildings throughout the world
The Oklahoma State Capitol uses over 600 geothermal heat pumps
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Geothermal Hybrid System - Winter
Heat Pump
Water Pump
Earth Loops
Cooling Tower (OFF)
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Geothermal Hybrid System - Summer
Heat Pump
Water Pump
Earth Loops
Cooling Tower (ON)
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Industry377 MMTC
(25%)
Transportation482 MMTC
(32%)
Buildings658 MMTC(43%)
43% of U.S. Carbon Emissions 39% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption
71% of U.S. Electricity
Global Pressures
53% of U.S. Natural Gas
1970-2020 (Exxon Mobile Projection)
Importance of Buildings Sector
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Electric Utility Perspective
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Garrett Office BuildingsEdmond, Oklahoma
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Conventional Variable Air Volume (VAV) BuildingConventional Variable Air Volume (VAV) Building15,000 Sq. Ft.15,000 Sq. Ft.
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Geothermal BuildingGeothermal Building20,000 Sq. Ft.20,000 Sq. Ft.
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Garrett Office BuildingsGarrett Office BuildingsAnnual Energy and HVAC Maintenance Costs 2006-2007Annual Energy and HVAC Maintenance Costs 2006-2007
-
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
$ p e r
S q u a r e
F o o
t
VAV System Geotherm al
Total
Electricity
Gas
Maintenance
55% Operational Cost Savings55% Operational Cost Savings
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Garrett Office BuildingsGarrett Office BuildingsAnnual Energy Use 2006-2007Annual Energy Use 2006-2007
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
k B t u p e r
S q u a r e
F o o t
VAV System Geothermal
Total
Electricity
Gas
47% Site Energy Savings47% Site Energy Savings
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Garrett Office BuildingsGarrett Office BuildingsAnnual COAnnual CO 22 Emissions 2006-2007Emissions 2006-2007
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
L b s .
C O
2 E q u
i v a
l e n
t p e r
S q u a r e
F o o
t
VAV System Geothermal
Gas
Electricity
28% Carbon Emissions Reduction28% Carbon Emissions Reduction
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07
k B t u p e r
S q u a r e
F o o t
VAV System
Geothermal
Garrett Office BuildingsMonthly Energy Use
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2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Jul-06 Aug-06 Se p-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 De c-06 Jan-07 Fe b-07 M ar-07 Apr-07 M ay-07 Jun-07
W a t
t s p e r
S q u a r e
F o o
t
VAV System
Geothermal
Garrett Office BuildingsMonthly Peak Demand
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20
30
40
50
60
70
Jul-06 Aug-06 Se p-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 De c-06 Jan-07 Fe b-07 Mar -07 Apr-07 M ay-07 Jun-07
L o a
d F a c
t o r
VAV System
Geothermal
Garrett Office BuildingsMonthly Electricity Supply Load Factor
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Geothermal Perf in FL Schools
Arnold$0.91
Mosley$1.68
Bozeman$2.27
Bay Haven$0.73
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Cost per Square Foot
Arnold Mosley Bozeman Bay Haven Washington
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0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
2006June
2006May
2006Apr
2006Mar
2006Feb
2006Jan
2005Dec
2005Nov
2005Oct
2005Sept
2005Aug
2005July
Arnold Mosley Bozeman Bay Haven Washington
* Arnold High School - Closed Loop Geothermal System (completed Aug, 2000)Mosley High School - Gas Boiler/Chiller System (Updated w/ new equipment 1996)
Bay Haven Charter School Closed Geo SystemBozeman Learning Center-All Electric-Gulf Coast Co-OpWashington Co. Includes Rouhlac Middle School & Chipley High School Open Geo System
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Our Planet Is Under AssaultFrom Many Forces Our Planet isunder Assault
from manyForces
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There Are Many Solutions
There are ManySolutions
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Geothermal Heat Pumpsare one of the Most Effectiveand Deployable
producing the lowest carbon dioxideemissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies
(EPA, 1993)
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The payback on
Geothermal Systemsis many times faster
than solar PV
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Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump
is Equivalent toPlanting an Acre of Trees
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Using A Single Geothermal Heat Pump
Is Equivalent toTaking Two Cars off the Road
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Since their introduction inthe 1980s, nearly 1 million
Geothermal Heat Pumps have beeninstalled in the United States
This is the equivalent toplanting 1 million acres of trees,
and of taking Two Millioncars off the road