TOPIC 12ORGANIC CHEMISTR
Y(orgo) - AIMS
1. What is an organic
compound and what are
its properties?
2. What are hydrocarbons
and how can we name
them?
3. How can we draw and
name substituted
hydrocarbons?
4. What are functional
groups?
5. What are the different
organic reactions?
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds (single, double or triple) (tetrahedral)
Hydrocarbon – contains only H and C atoms (TABLE Q)
1. Nonpolar or weakly polar (like dissolves like) - Low mp & bp
2. millions of organic compounds most are biological processes
3. Nonelectrolytes
4. Reaction rates slow
5. Insoluble & immiscible in water
PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
Aliphatic (straight chain) Aromatic (closed chain)
SATURATED
Alkane (single)C-CCnH2n+2
-ane suffix
UNSATURATED
Alkyne (triple)C=CCnH2n-2
-yne suffix
Alkene (double)C=CCnH2n
-ene suffix
Benzene C6h6CnH2n-6
HOMOLOGOUS SERIES (for each additional carbon atom there will be 2 additional H atoms – TABLE Q
How can we name hydrocarbons? -IUPAC
Names of organic molecules are designed to describe a molecule in terms of: 1. How many C atoms are in the longest
continuous chain – get prefix from Table P
2. What is attached to the longest continuous chain? (double or triple bond, functional group, branching)
Molecular formula: CH4
Structural Formula -
SATURATED – ALL SINGLE BONDSALKANES
Molecular Formula
Name Structural Formula BP
CH4
UNSATURATED – DOUBLE BONDALKENES
Molecular Formula
Name Structural Formula
C2H4
UNSATURATED – TRIPLE BONDALKYNESMolecular Formula
Name Structural Formula
C2H2
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
F H H - C – C – H
H H
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
F H H - C – C – H
H F
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
1-fluoro, 1,2 – dibromo ethane
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
1,2 – dichloropropane
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
1,3 - dicholoropropane
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
2,2 – dimethyl butane
How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?
2, 2, 3 – trimethyl pentane
What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Primary Alcohol: PROPANOL
What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Secondary Alcohol: 2-BUTANOL
What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Tertiary Alcohol: 2-METHYL 2-BUTANOL
What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – DIHYDROXY 1,2-ETHANEDIOL
What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – trihydroxy 1,2,3-propanetriol
What are functional groups? ORGANIC ACID: METHANOIC ACID
What are functional groups? ORGANIC ACID: ETHANOIC ACID
What are functional groups? ALDEHYDES: METHANAL
What are functional groups? ALDEHYDE: ETHANAL
What are functional groups? KETONES: 2 - PROPANONE (acetone)
What are functional groups? ESTER: METHYL BUTANOATE
What are functional groups? AMINE: 1-BUTAMINE
What are functional groups? AMIDE: 1-BUTAMIDE
What are functional groups? ETHER: METHYL PROPYL ETHER
What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : BENZENE
What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : METHYL
BENZENE
What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : 1,4
DICHLORO BENZENE
What is a collapsed formula?Ex 1
What is a collapsed formula?Ex 2
What is a collapsed formula?Ex 3
What are the different organic reactions? COMBUSTION Excess oxygen
What are the different organic reactions? COMBUSTION Limited oxygen
What are the different organic reactions? SUBSTITUTION
What are the different organic reactions? ADDITION
What are the different organic reactions? ESTERIFICATION
What are the different organic reactions? SAPONIFICATION
What are the different organic reactions? FERMENTATION
DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete structure of hydrocarbons worksheet
AIM: Naming and Drawing Substituted Hydrocarbons
DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete back of structure of hydrocarbons worksheet
AIM: Functional Groups
DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. Organic packet pg.
AIM: Functional Groups
DO NOW: 1. Draw the structural formula for
C6H14
C7H15
2. Review Book pg. 197 # 1-8
AIM: HYDROCARBONS ALKENES AND
ALKYNES