TOPIC 12ORGANIC CHEMISTR

Y(orgo) - AIMS

1. What is an organic

compound and what are

its properties?

2. What are hydrocarbons

and how can we name

them?

3. How can we draw and

name substituted

hydrocarbons?

4. What are functional

groups?

5. What are the different

organic reactions?

What is organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of carbon and its compounds

Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds (single, double or triple) (tetrahedral)

Hydrocarbon – contains only H and C atoms (TABLE Q)

1. Nonpolar or weakly polar (like dissolves like) - Low mp & bp

2. millions of organic compounds most are biological processes

3. Nonelectrolytes

4. Reaction rates slow

5. Insoluble & immiscible in water

PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

HYDROCARBONS

Aliphatic (straight chain) Aromatic (closed chain)

SATURATED

Alkane (single)C-CCnH2n+2

-ane suffix

UNSATURATED

Alkyne (triple)C=CCnH2n-2

-yne suffix

Alkene (double)C=CCnH2n

-ene suffix

Benzene C6h6CnH2n-6

HOMOLOGOUS SERIES (for each additional carbon atom there will be 2 additional H atoms – TABLE Q

How can we name hydrocarbons? -IUPAC

Names of organic molecules are designed to describe a molecule in terms of: 1. How many C atoms are in the longest

continuous chain – get prefix from Table P

2. What is attached to the longest continuous chain? (double or triple bond, functional group, branching)

Molecular formula: CH4

Structural Formula -

SATURATED – ALL SINGLE BONDSALKANES

Molecular Formula

Name Structural Formula BP

CH4

UNSATURATED – DOUBLE BONDALKENES

Molecular Formula

Name Structural Formula

C2H4

UNSATURATED – TRIPLE BONDALKYNESMolecular Formula

Name Structural Formula

C2H2

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

F H  H - C – C – H

H H

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

F H  H - C – C – H

H F

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

1-fluoro, 1,2 – dibromo ethane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

1,2 – dichloropropane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

1,3 - dicholoropropane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

2,2 – dimethyl butane

How can we name and draw substituted hydrocarbons?

2, 2, 3 – trimethyl pentane

What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Primary Alcohol: PROPANOL

What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Secondary Alcohol: 2-BUTANOL

What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – monohydroxy Tertiary Alcohol: 2-METHYL 2-BUTANOL

What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – DIHYDROXY 1,2-ETHANEDIOL

What are functional groups? ALCOHOL – trihydroxy 1,2,3-propanetriol

What are functional groups? ORGANIC ACID: METHANOIC ACID

What are functional groups? ORGANIC ACID: ETHANOIC ACID

What are functional groups? ALDEHYDES: METHANAL

What are functional groups? ALDEHYDE: ETHANAL

What are functional groups? KETONES: 2 - PROPANONE (acetone)

What are functional groups? ESTER: METHYL BUTANOATE

What are functional groups? AMINE: 1-BUTAMINE

What are functional groups? AMIDE: 1-BUTAMIDE

What are functional groups? ETHER: METHYL PROPYL ETHER

What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : BENZENE

What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : METHYL

BENZENE

What are functional groups? AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS : 1,4

DICHLORO BENZENE

What is a collapsed formula?Ex 1

What is a collapsed formula?Ex 2

What is a collapsed formula?Ex 3

What are the different organic reactions? COMBUSTION Excess oxygen

What are the different organic reactions? COMBUSTION Limited oxygen

What are the different organic reactions? SUBSTITUTION

What are the different organic reactions? ADDITION

What are the different organic reactions? ESTERIFICATION

What are the different organic reactions? SAPONIFICATION

What are the different organic reactions? FERMENTATION

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete structure of hydrocarbons worksheet

AIM: Naming and Drawing Substituted Hydrocarbons

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. complete back of structure of hydrocarbons worksheet

AIM: Functional Groups

DO NOW QUESTIONS: 1. Organic packet pg.

AIM: Functional Groups

DO NOW: 1. Draw the structural formula for

C6H14

C7H15

2. Review Book pg. 197 # 1-8

AIM: HYDROCARBONS ALKENES AND

ALKYNES