Unit 1
Great scientists
黄小红
characteristic
radium
painter
scientific
conclude
conclusion
analyse
n. 特征 ; 特性n. 镭n. 画家 ; 油漆匠adj. 科学的vt. & vi. 结束; 推断出n. 结论;结束vt. 分析
Words preview
put forward
draw a conclusion
提出得出结论
Expressions preview
There are some great scientific achiev
ements that have changed the world. Ca
n you name some of them?
Match the achievements with the scie
ntists below.
Galileo Galilei
Benjamin Franklin
Newton
Alexander Bell
Albert Einstein
the theory of falling objects
lightning
the law of gravity
telephone
Scientists Achievements
the theory of relativity
What do you know about
great scientists?
Try this quiz and find out
who knows the most.
1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison
A. Charles Darwin
Archimedes (287-212 BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
A. Marie Curie
C. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species
3. Who invented the first steam engine?
A. Thomas Newcomen
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British,improved the first steam pump and turnedit into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
A. Thomas Edison
C. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech, developed ideas on heredity ( 遗传学 ) and inherited ( 继承 , 承传 ) characteristics
5. Who discovered radium?
C. Marie CurieB. NewtonA. Zhang Heng
Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes
6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventor
Thomas Edison
Inventions of Thomas Edison
Phonograph 留声机
Light bulb
Motion Pictures
7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
A. Gregor Mendel
C. Marie Curie
B. Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian artist
Leonardo da Vinci’s paintings
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
A. Sir Humphry Davy
C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen
Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British,discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide ( 一氧化二氮 ) as anaesthetic ( 麻醉剂 )
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
A. Charles Darwin
C. Watt B. Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismograph
seismograph地动仪
10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. CopernicusB. Archimedes
Stephen Hawking (1942--), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space
The quotes below are from some famous scientists.Do you know their meanings?
Imagination is more important thanknowledge.
“ 想象力比知识更重要。”
Albert Einstein
Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
“ 天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。”
Thomas Alva Edison
Marie Curie
Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.
“ 生活中没有什么可怕的东西 , 只需要理解的东西。”
It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.
Alfred Whitehead
“ 分析明显存在的事物需要非凡的 头脑。”
What makes a
scientist successful?
strong will , imagination , creativity , patience , pers
istence , carefulness , curio
sity…
Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea.
What order would you put them in ?Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidence
What disease spread around the world in 2003?
SARS
Which doctor impressed you most during the SARS?
Zhong Nanshan ( 钟南山 )
Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown causeand need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.
What do you know about infectious diseases?
What do you know about cholera?
What other diseases do you know
are similar to SARS today? cholera
What is Cholera?
Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. It infects people’s intestines( 肠 ), causing diarrhea( 腹泻 ), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been infected with the bacteria.
After a disaster, this is a very real da
nger, since regular, clean water
and food supplies are often
unavailable. The disease can be
spread even further by infected people
using already dirtied water sources to cl
ean themselves or dispose of waste.
Great Britain
GermanyDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic
London
Previous cholera epidemic in Great Britain in 1831-32
The spread of cholera
Homework1. Write a passage about one of
your favourite scientist in
about 150 words.
2. Preview the reading: JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Thank you.