Volume
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
The derived SI unit is cubic meters, m3
The cubic centimeter, cm3, is often used
The liter, L, is a non-SI unit
1 L = 1000 cm3
1 mL = 1 cm3
Conversion FactorsA ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to another.
Precision and Accuracy
Accuracy refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value.
Precision refers to the degree of agreement among several elements of the same quantity.
Rules for Counting Significant Figures
Nonzero integers always count as significant figures.
3456 4 sig figs
Significant Figures
Consist of all digits that are known with certainty plus one final digit which is uncertain or estimated.
Rules for Counting Significant Figures - Zeros
Leading zeros do not count as significant figures.
0.0486
3 sig figs.
Captive zeros always count as significant figures.
16.07
4 sig figs
Rules for Counting Significant Figures - Zeros
Trailing zeros are significant only if the number contains a decimal point.
9.300
4 sig figs
Rules for Counting Significant Figures - Zeros
Rules for Significant Figures in Mathematical Operations
Multiplication and Division: # sig figs in the result has the same number of
significant figures as the number with the fewest significant figures.
6.38 2.0 = 12.76
Rounds to 13 (2 sig figs)
Rules for Significant Figures in Mathematical Operations
Addition and Subtraction: the result has the same number of decimal places as the least precise measurement.
6.8 + 15.6896 = 22.4896
Rounds to 22.5 (3 sig figs)
is calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimentalvalue, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
experimental accepted
accepted
Value -ValuePercentage error = × 100
Value
Percent Error