UNIT 3 NOTES:
THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES George Washington (1788) John Adams (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816)
So Far………
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS In 1815, republican James Monroe easily
wins the election to become the 5th president of the United StatesThe Federalist party soon fades outThe U.S. enters a period of growth and
prosperity Monroe’s two terms as President has come
to be known as the Era of Good Feelings (1817-1825)
The Supreme Court, during this era, would hand down several key decisionsCourt was led by Chief Justice John Marshall
NATIONALISM In 1800, people would have viewed
themselves as citizens of their community or state
By 1820, it was becoming clear that national citizenship was growing in importance
A new generation of American leaders sought to use federal government to unite the country
THE NATIONAL BANK The first Bank of the United States was
chartered in 1791
The First Bank of the U.S. dissolves in 1811After financial problems occur during the war,
the Second Bank of the U.S. is chartered in 1816
In 1816, Congress charters the Second Bank of the United StatesStrongly supported after chaos during War of
1812
POSTWAR BOOM AND PANIC In 1819 America experiences its first
depression
Known as the Panic of 1819 It began in London with British banks declared
that U.S. banks pay money that is owedAmerican banks, in turn, demand money of
Americans that they loaned outThis financially ruined many Americans who
did not have the money to pay off their loans
SUPPORTING THE NATIONAL BANK In 1819, Maryland tried to kill the national
bank by imposing high taxes on itThe case made its way to the Supreme Court
In McCulloch v. Maryland, Marshall ruled that Congress did have the authority to charter the bankThe powers of federal government went
beyond those stated in the ConstitutionCited Article I, section 8 necessary and proper
clause
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE In 1819, Congress began debating admission of
Missouri into the union The basic issue at stake was slavery
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 had established that no state northwest of the Ohio River could be a slave state Missouri was not NW of the Ohio River and was not covered
After months of debate, under the leadership of Henry Clay, Congress agreed to the Missouri Compromise (1820) 1) Missouri would be a slave state, Maine would be free 2) As the U.S. expanded westward, territories north of the
36’30’ line would be closed to slavery
NATIONALISM ABROAD Starting with Monroe, Presidents also acted
to strengthen the nation’s foreign policy
One of Monroe’s main goals was to ease tensions with Great Britain1817 Rush-Bagot Agreement, called on both
sides to reduce warships in Great Lakes
Monroe was also concerned with European countries trying colonize in the western hemisphere
THE MONROE DOCTRINE President Monroe firmly spelled out American
policy on this issue in a speech on December 2, 1823
The Monroe Doctrine had four main parts: The U.S. would not take sides in European affairs The U.S. recognized existing colonies in the
Western Hemisphere and would not interfere with them
The U.S. would not permit any further colonization of the Western Hemisphere
Any attempt by a European power to take control of a nation in the western hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile action towards the U.S.
THE ELECTION OF 1824 In the election of 1824, no candidate could boast
about being a Revolutionary leader This election also marked the end of the Era of Good
Feelings Many issues of conflict had now spring up
Economic problems Spread of slavery
As Monroe’s second term came to an end, several republicans ran for office Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
(Massachusetts) Speaker of the House, Henry Clay (Kentucky) Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) General Andrew Jackson (Tennessee)
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay[KY]
John Quincy Adams[MA]
John C. Calhoun[SC]
William H. Crawford[GA]
• Even with Jackson winning the popular
vote, he had to win the electoral vote as well.
• There were 261 total electoral votes and
Jackson needed 131 to win the electoral vote
and the election.• Jackson did not
receive a majority of electoral votes to win
the election. • Sent to the House of
Representatives to choose the president.
The Election of 1824
• 261 electoral votes and
131 needed to
win.
The “Corrupt Bargain”
The Corrupt Bargain
• Henry Clay gives his support to John Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as the President.
• Two weeks later, Adams appoints Henry Clay as his
Secretary of State….• Jackson cries out corruption and calls this the “Corrupt
Bargain.” • Jackson promises he would run again for the Presidency
in 1828 and would smash Adams.
corrupt
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
One of the ablest men, hardest workers, and finest intellectuals ever in the White House.
But he lacked the common touch and refused to play the game of politics. Most found him cold and tactless. Could not build any popular
support for his programs.
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS
The election had united his enemies and was creating a new party systemAdams, Clay, and the minority became National-Republicans
Jackson and the majority became the Democratic-Republicans (later just Democrats)
MONROE LEGACY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwvH
tkCusHo
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS No other candidate could match his
experience in politics and foreign affairsServed as Secretary of State under MonroePlayed vital role in acquiring FloridaHelped devise the Monroe Doctrine
HENRY CLAY Energetic, entertaining politician Gift for Speechmaking He spoke to Congress supporting the
American System Government backed economic development Protective tariffs aimed to encourage business
growth Clay owned slaves but shared Jefferson’s
discomfort with slavery Tried to bring a gradual end to slavery in Kentucky Freed his own slaves upon his death
JOHN C. CALHOUN Monroe’s Secretary of War Headed Committees that created:
the 2nd Bank of the U.S.A national road systemA modernized navyProtective tariffs
Calhoun was a slaveholder that wanted to defend Southern sectional interests
He eventually withdrew from the crowded 1824 race
Instead he ran for Vice President, where he succeeded
ANDREW JACKSON Andrew Jackson was the 1824 wild card
He prided himself on being a government outsider
He was nicknamed “Old Hickory” for his toughness
He was a slaveholder who owned a plantation in Tennessee
Brilliant General who gained popularity through victories in the War of 1812
His opponents saw him as a poorly educated, ill-tempered rough-neck
THE CORRUPT BARGAIN In the election, Jackson won the most votes in
the electoral college, but he did not win a majority John Quincy Adams came in second
In February 1825, in line with Constitutional law, the House of Representatives voted on the election
Henry Clay used his influence as Speaker of the House to swing votes to Adams for victory Days later, Adams appoints Clay as his Secretary
of State Jackson’s supporters claim that Clay and
Adams had made a “corrupt bargain”