Grain: World Markets and Trade
Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board - USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
Foreign Agricultural Service
Circular Series FG 03-12 March 2012
Global corn trade has expanded compared to last year, and the United States, as the world’s largest corn exporter, might be expected to supply much of that demand. However, a near doubling of Ukraine’s corn crop has enabled exports to almost triple (5 million tons to 14 million tons), putting it on par with Argentina as the world’s second-largest corn exporter. Ukraine’s abundant crop has created pressure to export those supplies because of limited storage facilities and another potential bumper crop on the horizon. Geographical and logistical comparative advantages to nearby markets will help exports and have already facilitated the displacement of about 4 million tons of U.S. corn to Egypt and the Middle East. U.S. year-to-date sales to East Asia (mostly to Japan) also show the impact of Ukrainian corn. High global corn prices, tight U.S. supplies, and reduced crop prospects in Argentina will reportedly provide a strong incentive for Ukrainian farmers to plant more corn. Adding to that, adverse winter wheat conditions fuel the likelihood that failed winter wheat acreage will be reseeded to corn this spring. With prospects of record U.S. and Ukrainian crops depressing global prices in 2012/13, Ukraine has a strong motivation to sell and ship as fast as possible.
Global Corn Trade Expands as Ukraine Grabs Market Share
United States Ukraine
Other Foreign
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
East Asia EU Middle East North Africa
United States
Ukraine
MM
T
Year-to-Year Changes in Exports to Key Markets*
10/11 11/12 forecast
* October through February. U.S. shipments and outstanding sales as reported in U.S. Export Sales. For Ukraine, estimated sales and shipments data from a variety of sources.
Global Exports
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
World Markets and Trade: Commentary and Current Data Wheat ............................................................................................................. 4 Rice ................................................................................................................ 9 Coarse Grains ............................................................................................... 14 Historical Data Series for Selected Regions and Countries ........................... 34 Endnotes to Grain: World Markets and Trade ............................................. 53 The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 9 a.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. It is available on the FAS website (http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/). This circular is released at 10:00 a.m. on the same day, together with its downloadable data set.
March 2012
All Grain Summary Comparison
Marketing Year
Wheat Rice, Milled Corn
2011/122010/112009/102011/122010/112009/102011/122010/112009/10
Production
United States (Jun-May) 60.4 60.1 54.4 7.1 7.6 5.9 332.5 316.2 313.9
Other 625.2 591.5 639.6 435.6 445.6 459.5 486.7 513.1 551.0
World Total 685.6 651.5 694.0 442.7 453.2 465.4 819.2 829.2 865.0
Domestic Consumption
United States (Jun-May) 31.0 30.7 31.5 4.0 4.4 3.9 281.6 285.0 279.5
Other 617.1 621.9 647.5 432.8 443.4 456.0 533.9 559.4 587.3
World Total 648.1 652.6 679.0 436.8 447.8 460.0 815.5 844.4 866.8
Ending Stocks
United States (Jun-May) 26.6 23.5 22.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 43.4 28.6 20.3
Other 175.8 176.0 187.1 93.0 96.3 99.0 100.8 100.4 104.2
World Total 202.3 199.5 209.6 94.2 97.8 100.3 144.2 129.1 124.5
TY Imports
United States (Jun-May) 3.2 2.6 3.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.5
Other 128.6 126.5 135.7 28.3 31.8 29.3 90.1 90.0 93.6
World Total 131.8 129.0 138.9 28.9 32.4 29.9 90.3 90.7 94.1
TY Exports
United States (Jun-May) 24.2 36.0 26.5 3.9 3.2 3.0 49.7 45.3 43.5
Other 110.2 96.3 115.3 27.9 31.9 29.7 43.2 46.4 52.8
World Total 134.4 132.3 141.8 31.8 35.1 32.7 93.0 91.6 96.3
Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports
and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.
Marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).
'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
4
WHEAT: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE OVERVIEW Global trade for 2011/12 is up this month primarily because of greater import demand from Iran and higher demand for feed-quality wheat. U.S. exports are raised on recent strong sales. The forecast U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged and remains a record. PRICES:
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
$/M
T
U.S. Weekly FOB Export Bids
HRS SRW SWW HRW
Prices of all wheat classes were nearly unchanged. Soft White Wheat (SWW) was up $2 to $272/ton while Soft Red Winter (SRW) ended the month unchanged, also at $272/ton. However, during the past month, SRW dipped below SWW for the first time since October. Strong foreign demand is underpinning SWW prices. Hard Red Winter (HRW) was up $3 to $307/ton and Hard Red Spring (HRS) was down $1 to $366/ton.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
5
TRADE CHANGES IN 2011/12 Selected Importers • Algeria is up 300,000 tons to 6.4 million on account of a strong pace and recent purchases.
• Iran is raised sharply by 1.8 million tons to 2.0 million based on reported purchases to date.
• South Korea is boosted 300,000 tons to a near-record 5.0 million because of significant
purchases of feed-quality wheat.
• Syria is cut 200,000 tons to 800,000 due to a sluggish pace.
• Uzbekistan is raised 300,000 tons to 2.0 million reflecting a strong pace of grain and flour imports from Kazakhstan.
Selected Exporters • Australia is boosted 500,000 tons to a record 21.0 million as a result of the strong pace and
a larger crop. • Brazil is raised 500,000 tons to 1.5 million on reports of expanding sales.
• Kazakhstan is up 500,000 tons to a record 9.0 million because of robust sales from this
year’s record crop.
• Turkey is raised 300,000 tons to 4.0 million due to recent government grain sales.
• United States is raised 1.0 million tons to 26.5 million mostly fueled by continued strong sales of wheat to South Korea and Mexico, which will likely be used in livestock and poultry rations.
March 2012
World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade
July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
9,7009,7007,7385,1728,62110,228 Argentina
21,00020,50018,47713,76413,4507,449 Australia
1,5001,0002,5391,195369767 Brazil
17,50017,50016,76818,99218,67416,561 Canada
17,00017,00022,85022,11525,35112,272 EU-27
9,0008,5005,5197,8715,7018,181 Kazakhstan
20,50020,5003,98318,55618,39312,220 Russia
4,0003,7002,9464,3712,3421,763 Turkey
6,0006,0004,3029,33713,0371,236 Ukraine
1,1001,1001,197994616422 Uruguay
7,9647,76410,0287,8549,31711,052 Others
115,264113,26496,347110,221115,87182,151 Subtotal
26,50025,50035,97724,17227,10134,282 United States
141,764138,764132,324134,393142,972116,433 World Total
none
TY Imports
3,0003,0002,3002,5003,8002,300 Afghanistan
6,4006,1006,4365,1676,3565,904 Algeria
2,8002,8003,9003,3312,8821,500 Bangladesh
7,0007,0006,7106,6676,7627,076 Brazil
10,50010,50010,60010,3009,9007,700 Egypt
7,5007,5004,7125,5197,7376,933 EU-27
6,7006,7006,6115,3645,4195,227 Indonesia
2,000200263,6009,500200 Iran
3,7003,7003,6323,9053,8793,429 Iraq
1,7001,7001,3921,8622,0631,189 Israel
6,1006,1005,8695,5025,1565,701 Japan
5,0004,7004,7614,4703,3713,092 Korea, South
4,2004,2003,4623,1963,3423,136 Mexico
3,0003,0003,9032,3043,7594,192 Morocco
4,1004,1004,0514,0793,5502,633 Nigeria
1,7001,7001,7571,7031,3851,444 Peru
3,2003,2003,2353,1883,2012,266 Philippines
2,3002,3001,7411,9101,27575 Saudi Arabia
1,8001,8001,6421,9011,7121,060 Sudan
1,7001,7001,9201,6001,1281,072 Thailand
1,8001,8001,7731,5341,7682,372 Tunisia
3,5003,5003,5173,2183,5782,192 Turkey
2,0001,7001,6181,6771,440990 Uzbekistan
2,3002,3002,4601,9271,0161,066 Vietnam
2,7002,7002,7052,6022,7961,900 Yemen
39,04538,64535,71839,53740,01235,827 Others
135,745132,645126,451128,563136,787110,476 Subtotal
2,8192,9193,3022,5952,7863,005 Unaccounted
3,2003,2002,5713,2353,3992,952 United States
141,764138,764132,324134,393142,972116,433 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
14,50014,50016,10012,00011,00018,600 Argentina
29,50028,30027,89121,83421,42013,569 Australia
25,26025,26023,16726,84828,61120,054 Canada
117,920117,920115,180115,120112,464109,298 China
8,7008,7007,2008,5237,9778,275 Egypt
137,486137,486135,674138,816151,122120,133 EU-27
86,87086,87080,80080,68078,57075,810 India
13,75013,75015,50013,4857,95715,887 Iran
22,73222,7329,63817,05112,53816,466 Kazakhstan
6,0006,0004,8876,4003,7301,583 Morocco
24,00024,00023,90024,00020,95923,295 Pakistan
56,23156,23141,50861,77063,76549,368 Russia
18,80018,80017,00018,45016,80015,500 Turkey
22,00022,00016,84420,86625,88513,938 Ukraine
6,3006,3006,5006,2006,0006,200 Uzbekistan
49,56249,61349,66253,17846,00148,193 Others
639,611638,462591,451625,221614,799556,169 Subtotal
54,41354,41360,06260,36668,01655,821 United States
694,024692,875651,513685,587682,815611,990 World Total
none
Total Consumption
8,9508,8508,7508,5508,3008,050 Algeria
11,20011,20010,80011,00010,70010,300 Brazil
9,0009,0007,6746,9277,9776,793 Canada
116,000113,500110,500107,000105,500106,000 China
18,80018,80017,70017,90017,20015,800 Egypt
125,500127,000122,000125,000127,000116,536 EU-27
83,05583,05581,76078,15070,92476,423 India
15,50015,00015,70016,10015,80015,500 Iran
9,0009,0006,2007,6007,5007,800 Kazakhstan
8,7508,7508,2508,1007,4507,225 Morocco
23,40023,40023,20023,00022,80022,400 Pakistan
38,60038,60038,60039,60038,90037,650 Russia
18,10018,10017,20017,10016,90016,800 Turkey
13,44013,39011,60012,30011,90012,300 Ukraine
8,0008,0007,9007,5007,1007,000 Uzbekistan
140,235138,882134,070131,279125,853118,614 Others
652,448648,865623,648619,329608,375589,062 Subtotal
31,47731,61330,71030,97834,29328,614 United States
683,925680,478654,358650,307642,668617,676 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
9,1988,9988,8235,5933,3893,851 Australia
6,3366,3367,1767,8296,5474,406 Canada
61,51165,01159,09154,42545,80339,081 China
14,17912,67911,69316,15718,93712,429 EU-27
18,50018,50015,36016,12013,4305,800 India
7,6848,1842,9275,0013,3643,908 Kazakhstan
10,86610,86613,53514,52110,7434,068 Russia
58,85759,52857,41456,13246,97045,037 Others
187,131190,102176,019175,778149,183118,580 Subtotal
22,45322,99723,46626,55217,8678,323 United States
209,584213,099199,485202,330167,050126,903 World Total
March 2012
Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
6,475 North America 7,128 6,834 6,462 7,800 7,800
1,460 Central America 1,489 1,469 1,678 1,525 1,525
13,092 South America 13,074 13,091 12,935 13,390 13,590
6,933 European Union 7,737 5,519 4,712 7,500 7,500
1,923 Other Europe 1,712 1,696 1,649 1,735 1,735
6,032 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,569 5,415 5,473 6,175 6,825
11,810 Middle East 28,218 22,515 16,830 18,475 20,075
21,742 North Africa 23,472 21,396 24,131 23,000 23,300
10,287 Sub-Saharan Africa 13,707 15,773 14,475 15,585 15,735
11,277 East Asia 11,322 13,745 13,892 14,700 14,850
8,215 South Asia 10,771 7,586 7,662 7,235 7,235
11,405 Southeast Asia 12,324 13,902 16,301 15,850 15,850
2,777 Others 2,663 2,857 2,822 2,875 2,925
113,428 Total 140,186 131,798 129,022 135,845 138,945
Production none
79,468 North America 100,627 91,362 86,908 83,448 83,448
25,435 South America 20,516 22,039 26,696 25,262 25,212
120,133 European Union 151,122 138,816 135,674 137,486 137,486
4,405 Other Europe 4,712 4,609 3,800 4,413 4,413
92,366 Former Soviet Union - 12 115,486 114,047 81,061 114,408 114,299
41,040 Middle East 30,325 38,369 40,175 39,340 39,340
13,948 North Africa 14,352 20,261 16,133 18,925 18,925
5,547 Sub-Saharan Africa 6,103 6,155 5,568 5,686 5,686
110,589 East Asia 113,806 116,442 116,357 119,154 119,362
105,070 South Asia 103,898 111,200 110,792 115,990 115,890
13,846 Oceania 21,697 22,111 28,168 28,577 29,777
143 Others 171 176 181 186 186
611,990 Total 682,815 685,587 651,513 692,875 694,024
Domestic Consumption none
40,907 North America 48,270 44,205 44,784 47,763 47,627
24,346 South America 24,494 25,708 25,523 26,140 26,340
116,536 European Union 127,000 125,000 122,000 127,000 125,500
5,495 Other Europe 5,560 5,469 5,306 5,520 5,520
75,356 Former Soviet Union - 12 75,956 77,840 75,235 80,245 80,400
50,758 Middle East 52,669 53,615 53,860 54,650 55,150
35,825 North Africa 37,475 39,350 39,425 41,250 41,350
15,696 Sub-Saharan Africa 18,605 20,416 20,175 20,732 20,882
117,556 East Asia 117,218 120,188 123,570 127,350 130,108
109,638 South Asia 105,304 113,861 117,351 118,635 118,635
11,009 Southeast Asia 12,054 13,288 14,952 15,360 15,460
7,383 Oceania 8,120 5,835 7,044 8,130 8,670
3,300 Others 3,372 3,309 3,389 3,365 3,365
613,805 Total 636,097 648,084 652,614 676,140 679,007
Ending Stocks none
13,108 North America 24,729 34,901 31,082 29,798 29,254
4,571 South America 4,015 5,481 5,891 5,936 5,631
12,429 European Union 18,937 16,157 11,693 12,679 14,179
1,817 Other Europe 2,176 2,177 1,495 1,558 1,358
13,762 Former Soviet Union - 12 22,101 27,062 24,233 29,589 29,247
11,610 Middle East 11,564 15,050 14,651 13,604 13,404
9,186 North Africa 9,216 11,148 11,633 11,983 12,183
1,203 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,694 2,560 1,907 1,876 1,876
41,898 East Asia 48,636 57,253 62,494 68,514 65,108
10,079 South Asia 17,359 21,430 21,192 24,160 23,832
2,771 Southeast Asia 2,713 2,915 3,795 3,825 3,725
4,117 Oceania 3,606 5,784 9,080 9,257 9,467
352 Others 304 412 339 320 320
126,903 Total 167,050 202,330 199,485 213,099 209,584
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
9
RICE: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE
OVERVIEW Global trade is down nearly 7 percent from last year (2.4 million tons) as a number of governments restrict imports to reduce reliance on other countries and lessen the effects of international price swings. Global production and stocks continue to climb.
FEATURE Over the past 10 weeks, two price tiers have emerged, with quotes for Thai, U.S., and South American rice approximately $100/MT above quotes from India, Pakistan, and Vietnam. India created the lower price tier upon re-entering the market in September, causing Vietnam and Pakistan to drop their prices in order to compete. These countries are grabbing market share as their combined 2012 exports are forecast to jump 15 percent (2 million tons). Exports from the pricier tier, on the other hand, are expected to fall nearly 30 percent (5 million tons) from last year. SELECTED TRADE CHANGES
• Brazil’s 2012 exports fall 100,000 tons to 600,000 on lower production due to drought in the rice growing regions.
• Philippines’s imports are cut 300,000 tons to 1.2 million for 2011 on updated trade estimates.
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
$/M
T
Rice Prices Bifurcate
Thai 100B
Uruguay 5%
U.S. #2/4
India 5%
Pak 5%
Viet 5%
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
10
MILLING RATE CHANGES
After a global review, milling rates have been adjusted for the following countries as far back as 2006/2007. Afghanistan Angola Australia Bolivia Burma Cambodia Cameroon Chad Colombia Congo (Kinshasa)
Cote d'Ivoire Dominican Rep. Egypt EU-27 Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Honduras Laos
Liberia Macedonia Malaysia Mali Mauritania Mexico Mozambique Nicaragua Niger Nigeria
Senegal Sierra Leone Tanzania Togo Turkey Zambia
March 2012
World Rice Trade
January/December Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
630630732468594408 Argentina
450450350541748 Australia
6257251,300430591511 Brazil
7507507504451,052541 Burma
1,0001,0001,0001,000800500 Cambodia
600600500619783969 China
600600120570575750 Egypt
350350300282150157 EU-27
230230250275244185 Guyana
6,0006,0004,2002,2282,1233,383 India
150150200200200200 Japan
3,7503,7503,0004,0003,1873,050 Pakistan
6,5006,50010,5009,0478,57010,011 Thailand
850850841808926742 Uruguay
6,5006,5007,0006,7345,9504,649 Vietnam
701700857753556392 Others
29,68629,78531,90027,91326,31826,496 Subtotal
3,0003,0003,2133,8683,0173,267 United States
32,68632,78535,11331,78129,33529,763 World Total
none
TY Imports
6506501,4836601501,658 Bangladesh
640600620778650417 Brazil
400400600366337295 China
950950900840800800 Cote d'Ivoire
525525600498457558 Cuba
50050040152020 Egypt
1,0701,0701,1501,2161,3831,520 EU-27
400400520320410300 Ghana
415415410390397399 Hong Kong
1,0001,0002,7751,150250350 Indonesia
1,5001,5001,4001,0001,4701,430 Iran
1,2001,2001,1501,1401,089975 Iraq
700700700649750533 Japan
365365480320245282 Korea, South
1,0851,1309909071,0861,039 Malaysia
725725791575610578 Mexico
375375400325385300 Mozambique
2,2002,2002,3002,0002,0001,800 Nigeria
1,5001,5001,2002,4002,0002,500 Philippines
1,1501,1501,1001,0691,0721,166 Saudi Arabia
750750800685715860 Senegal
750750760733745650 South Africa
350350350315250230 Syria
430430420400380350 United Arab Emirates
400400500400500300 Vietnam
9,2429,2429,3589,1428,1848,544 Others
29,27229,27731,79728,29326,33527,854 Subtotal
2,7392,8582,6962,9262,3181,258 Unaccounted
675650620562682651 United States
32,68632,78535,11331,78129,33529,763 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
Note about dates: 2011/12 is calendar year 2012, 2010/11 is calendar year 2011, and so on.
March 2012
World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Milled Production
34,00034,00033,20031,00031,00028,800 Bangladesh
7,6847,8209,3007,9298,5708,199 Brazil
11,58610,50011,86211,64211,20011,840 Burma
5,3845,3005,2834,8564,5924,305 Cambodia
140,500140,500137,000136,570134,330130,224 China
4,5644,3003,2914,5644,6734,655 Egypt
102,750102,00095,98089,09099,18096,690 India
37,30037,30035,50036,37038,31037,000 Indonesia
7,6467,6467,7207,7118,0297,930 Japan
4,2244,2244,2954,9164,8434,408 Korea, South
6,5506,5505,0006,8006,9005,700 Pakistan
10,55610,64010,5399,77210,75510,479 Philippines
2,9002,9002,4002,6502,2272,200 Sri Lanka
20,30020,30020,26220,26019,85019,800 Thailand
26,15026,15026,30024,99324,39324,375 Vietnam
37,43236,74837,69336,43734,21231,483 Others
459,526456,878445,625435,560443,064428,088 Subtotal
5,8745,8747,5937,1336,5466,288 United States
465,400462,752453,218442,693449,610434,376 World Total
none
Consumption and Residual
34,50034,50034,00031,60031,00030,747 Bangladesh
8,1008,1008,4008,4778,4008,350 Brazil
11,08610,00011,01210,94210,69811,359 Burma
4,4044,3204,3033,8863,8423,855 Cambodia
138,500138,500135,000134,320133,000127,450 China
4,0603,8003,5903,9404,2703,610 Egypt
95,25094,00090,18085,50891,09090,466 India
39,55039,55039,00038,00037,10036,350 Indonesia
3,0003,0002,9002,9503,1003,000 Iran
8,2508,2508,1258,2008,3268,162 Japan
4,8004,8004,9474,7654,7884,670 Korea, South
5,0004,8795,0304,5804,2204,000 Nigeria
12,90013,00012,90013,12513,10013,499 Philippines
11,50011,50010,50010,2009,5009,600 Thailand
19,75019,75019,40019,15019,00019,400 Vietnam
55,39054,92754,15353,11350,77349,179 Others
458,963455,947445,247436,055433,955425,471 Subtotal
3,9123,9124,3584,0164,0824,042 United States
462,875459,859449,605440,071438,037429,513 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
44,44744,44742,57240,53438,54637,762 China
24,50024,50023,50020,50019,00013,000 India
4,6024,6025,8526,5777,0575,607 Indonesia
2,7342,7342,7882,6932,7152,556 Japan
1,6151,5742,4593,5204,6734,418 Philippines
7,9627,9625,5626,1004,7872,707 Thailand
2,1702,1701,8701,4701,9612,018 Vietnam
11,01110,87811,68411,61011,85010,990 Others
99,04198,86796,28793,00490,58979,058 Subtotal
1,2851,2531,5141,184977935 United States
100,326100,12097,80194,18891,56679,993 World Total
Note: All data are reported on a milled basis.
March 2012
Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
1,594 North America 1,614 1,495 1,741 1,715 1,740
1,028 Caribbean 906 989 1,155 1,015 1,015
1,105 South America 1,116 1,377 1,384 1,377 1,417
98 Other Europe 126 126 135 135 135
361 Former Soviet Union - 12 412 401 327 330 330
5,519 Middle East 5,349 5,239 5,625 5,850 5,850
275 North Africa 155 345 390 855 855
7,569 Sub-Saharan Africa 8,175 8,248 9,260 9,185 9,185
1,639 East Asia 1,877 1,961 2,415 2,105 2,105
2,208 South Asia 528 1,013 1,918 990 990
4,640 Southeast Asia 4,542 5,562 6,063 4,535 4,490
2,469 Others 2,217 2,099 2,004 1,835 1,835
28,505 Total 27,017 28,855 32,417 29,927 29,947
Production none
6,472 North America 6,707 7,315 7,739 5,979 5,982
780 Caribbean 833 954 938 1,017 992
15,671 South America 16,459 15,664 17,367 15,122 15,096
1,906 European Union 1,760 2,052 2,029 1,899 2,063
986 Former Soviet Union - 12 906 1,101 1,257 1,224 1,220
2,360 Middle East 2,075 2,049 2,113 2,060 2,112
4,675 North Africa 4,693 4,598 3,330 4,339 4,603
8,302 Sub-Saharan Africa 10,488 11,646 12,547 12,269 12,502
145,044 East Asia 150,087 152,218 151,631 155,066 155,066
136,559 South Asia 142,423 132,765 139,746 148,700 149,439
111,052 Southeast Asia 112,489 111,528 113,279 113,671 114,909
569 Others 690 803 1,242 1,406 1,416
434,376 Total 449,610 442,693 453,218 462,752 465,400
Domestic Consumption none
5,136 North America 5,177 5,160 5,544 5,147 5,150
1,109 Central America 1,104 1,130 1,139 1,146 1,161
1,923 Caribbean 1,784 1,892 2,045 2,031 2,006
14,406 South America 14,782 14,915 14,888 14,350 14,478
3,334 European Union 3,065 3,025 3,062 2,830 2,994
1,301 Former Soviet Union - 12 1,242 1,285 1,399 1,367 1,363
7,587 Middle East 7,627 7,555 7,673 7,855 7,905
3,905 North Africa 4,402 4,307 3,979 4,194 4,454
16,713 Sub-Saharan Africa 17,646 19,681 21,475 21,502 21,727
143,281 East Asia 149,584 150,804 151,343 154,885 154,885
129,820 South Asia 131,361 126,156 132,591 137,650 138,889
98,534 Southeast Asia 97,949 100,243 101,994 103,126 104,228
690 Others 566 619 666 705 712
427,739 Total 436,289 436,772 447,798 456,788 459,952
Ending Stocks none
1,128 North America 1,143 1,322 1,727 1,409 1,441
264 Central America 223 246 262 254 252
141 Caribbean 114 126 137 152 143
1,750 South America 2,230 1,859 2,126 1,538 1,546
1,126 European Union 1,020 1,120 987 876 876
2,171 Middle East 1,997 1,659 1,523 1,476 1,485
691 North Africa 564 498 159 557 563
992 Sub-Saharan Africa 991 1,019 1,247 1,167 1,177
41,284 East Asia 42,488 45,038 46,971 48,577 48,577
14,306 South Asia 21,393 22,431 25,571 26,751 26,751
15,950 Southeast Asia 19,249 18,669 16,866 17,133 17,285
52 Oceania 26 46 45 53 53
138 Others 128 155 180 177 177
79,993 Total 91,566 94,188 97,801 100,120 100,326
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
14
COARSE GRAINS: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE OVERVIEW Global coarse grains trade for 2011/12 is up 1.3 million tons brought on by expanded exports from Brazil and Australia. World corn production is raised slightly led by better Brazilian corn crop prospects. U.S. corn exports and the U.S. corn season-average farm price are unchanged. PRICES U.S. corn export quotes were mostly unchanged during the past month. Prices ended at $285/ton, only $2/ton higher than at the time of the February WASDE release. However, the discount between U.S. and Argentine prices has narrowed by about $10/ton throughout the past 2 months and Argentine corn is again priced at a premium to Brazilian corn which is typical for this time of year. TRADE CHANGES IN 2011/12 Selected Exporters
• Brazilian corn is boosted 500,000 tons to 9.5 million due to better prospects for second-crop corn.
• Indian corn is raised 200,000 tons to 2.4 million evidenced by strong early-season sales to Southeast Asian markets.
• Australian barley is up 400,000 tons to 4.0 million on greater demand from China.
• Canadian oats are raised 200,000 tons to 1.7 million in light of limited supplies in the
United States. (U.S. oats imports are up 200,000 tons to 1.7 million.) Selected Importers
• EU corn is boosted 500,000 tons to 4.5 million based on the pace of licenses and
shipments to date.
• Malaysian corn is cut 200,000 tons to 3.1 million as a result of a slower-than-normal pace.
• Peruvian corn is up 200,000 tons to 1.8 million caused by strong feed demand.
225
245
265
285
305
325
345
$/M
T
Corn Daily Export Bids
Argentina Up River Brazil Paranagua U.S. Gulf
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
15
• Iranian barley is raised 300,000 tons to 700,000 as a result of recent shipments from Kazakhstan.
• Chinese barley is 200,000 tons higher, to 2.0 million, on the pace of shipments of malting barley from Australia.
March 2012
World Coarse Grain Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
18,90518,90518,56219,02810,24117,786 Argentina
5,4255,0104,9024,4144,8733,895 Australia
9,5059,00511,5928,6277,1878,032 Brazil
3,3253,1254,4273,0683,8526,379 Canada
5,5555,5555,8614,2674,3384,679 EU-27
2,4502,3003,1802,0722,6425,539 India
1,8051,8051,2081,3921,8641,473 Paraguay
3,6053,5551,0282,5284,9451,419 Russia
2,0202,0202,8591,6342,1591,145 South Africa
17,41017,4107,45610,93611,3805,909 Ukraine
5,9755,9755,5177,0595,6344,315 Others
75,98074,66566,59265,02559,11560,571 Subtotal
45,40045,40049,26953,98951,55868,289 United States
121,380120,065115,861119,014110,673128,860 World Total
none
TY Imports
3,1003,1002,9622,5762,0672,433 Algeria
1,1551,1558421,0491,4971,258 Brazil
1,0651,0651,0452,0111,9003,187 Canada
1,4251,4251,2801,2751,3171,969 Chile
6,1255,9252,6973,7771,6511,157 China
4,4554,4554,1474,1023,4833,603 Colombia
1,0501,0501,0501,0719731,074 Dominican Republic
6,0756,0755,8495,8975,0934,182 Egypt
5,0054,4558,6093,0122,98819,892 EU-27
1,5001,5002,5001,321317294 Indonesia
4,2003,9003,9005,1005,0003,900 Iran
1,4101,4101,4811,5921,2951,776 Israel
19,03519,03518,59919,19819,61119,210 Japan
1,0001,000911713785889 Jordan
8,0608,0608,1698,5097,2489,358 Korea, South
3,1003,3002,8003,1072,4473,181 Malaysia
11,52511,52510,76710,91310,46511,011 Mexico
2,2502,2502,1222,2021,8332,180 Morocco
1,9001,7002,0241,8861,5201,592 Peru
9,5059,5058,1389,0769,1869,968 Saudi Arabia
2,1002,1001,9522,2742,8342,561 Syria
4,4504,4504,3114,6634,6584,684 Taiwan
1,0001,0001,2001,2028751,182 Tunisia
1,6001,6001,2512,1981,3401,103 Venezuela
1,3001,3001,2001,6001,250700 Vietnam
12,43112,41612,65513,02413,70914,263 Others
115,821114,756112,461113,348105,342126,607 Subtotal
3,0092,9849513,3912,524-1,357 Unaccounted
2,5502,3252,4492,2752,8073,610 United States
121,380120,065115,861119,014110,673128,860 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
30,61030,81031,80828,53119,63427,118 Argentina
13,22713,10711,76210,92012,28212,895 Australia
64,83363,83360,48058,41253,48660,520 Brazil
21,86621,86622,26322,47727,18427,841 Canada
197,960198,060182,877169,604172,424158,863 China
9,0259,0259,9258,0469,0348,302 Ethiopia
147,237147,237139,460155,038162,102136,580 EU-27
41,76040,37043,37033,89039,55040,630 India
8,1008,1006,8006,9008,7008,500 Indonesia
27,77827,77829,37227,25432,25230,578 Mexico
27,90027,90028,74028,15026,67024,000 Nigeria
32,79632,79616,41631,84340,88129,171 Russia
12,45112,95111,32713,88113,08413,690 South Africa
10,69510,69510,09511,17610,4089,445 Turkey
32,90032,90021,44224,14326,27514,592 Ukraine
140,829141,068143,231136,416131,236128,155 Others
819,967818,496769,368766,681785,202730,880 Subtotal
323,697323,697330,236348,755325,867349,861 United States
1,143,6641,142,1931,099,6041,115,4361,111,0691,080,741 World Total
none
Domestic Consumption
11,61511,61511,35810,0548,7689,367 Argentina
55,24855,24852,73349,71448,19144,605 Brazil
20,08620,08620,91822,21622,89224,023 Canada
199,140199,340183,840172,975161,100157,783 China
11,55011,55013,59513,07212,16211,477 Egypt
149,055148,005151,940150,080151,855154,855 EU-27
39,65038,60039,05032,00036,50035,500 India
9,5709,4709,3709,3708,9208,770 Iran
19,26619,26618,73019,64519,96519,460 Japan
39,84039,84039,33540,86542,06040,235 Mexico
28,05028,05028,55027,95026,55024,000 Nigeria
28,07828,07818,13130,44033,01128,617 Russia
11,08310,98311,02810,83310,46810,143 South Africa
11,35011,35010,89510,87010,70010,565 Turkey
14,70014,70013,79212,96413,69611,934 Ukraine
209,513210,031205,912198,151195,754191,380 Others
861,194859,081830,797819,014804,955783,286 Subtotal
290,844290,807297,973295,337275,978274,533 United States
1,152,0381,149,8881,128,7701,114,3511,080,9331,057,819 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
10,56710,56710,13210,28712,45012,703 Brazil
2,9993,1993,5295,6506,3264,010 Canada
58,58558,70253,90552,35952,15839,404 China
13,36013,86015,67825,85420,84412,726 EU-27
3,1632,9633,8134,0633,1243,199 Iran
3,0953,5953,6425,3674,3273,266 South Africa
3,2143,1712,0942,2092,3741,659 Ukraine
39,97639,56741,19341,51845,69242,193 Others
134,959135,624133,986147,307147,295119,160 Subtotal
22,94122,86832,28848,13347,06045,059 United States
157,900158,492166,274195,440194,355164,219 World Total
March 2012
Regional Coarse Grains Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
17,808 North America 15,172 15,199 14,261 14,915 15,140
2,681 Central America 2,491 2,537 2,755 2,950 2,950
2,239 Caribbean 2,011 2,139 2,200 2,210 2,210
10,328 South America 9,745 11,108 10,583 10,945 11,245
19,892 European Union 2,988 3,012 8,609 4,455 5,005
1,062 Former Soviet Union - 12 664 451 1,168 585 600
21,810 Middle East 21,247 21,318 18,475 20,050 20,350
10,757 North Africa 10,592 13,115 12,958 13,175 13,175
3,009 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,735 2,826 1,775 2,235 2,235
34,662 East Asia 33,349 36,276 33,906 37,600 37,800
4,746 Southeast Asia 5,405 6,725 7,208 7,115 6,815
1,223 Others 750 917 1,012 846 846
130,217 Total 108,149 115,623 114,910 117,081 118,371
Production none
408,280 North America 385,303 398,486 381,871 373,341 373,341
99,917 South America 84,977 98,905 104,395 107,449 107,986
136,580 European Union 162,102 155,038 139,460 147,237 147,237
9,370 Other Europe 12,357 11,800 12,190 11,597 11,597
54,191 Former Soviet Union - 12 78,966 67,580 47,573 78,370 78,527
18,594 Middle East 15,827 18,829 18,499 18,391 18,391
9,894 North Africa 10,219 14,891 12,359 9,722 9,722
90,972 Sub-Saharan Africa 96,200 97,111 104,851 102,196 101,696
160,959 East Asia 174,500 171,360 184,781 200,171 199,938
47,105 South Asia 45,688 40,331 49,728 46,653 48,043
26,882 Southeast Asia 27,710 25,386 27,186 29,010 29,010
13,542 Oceania 12,929 11,567 12,409 13,754 13,874
4,455 Others 4,291 4,152 4,302 4,302 4,302
1,080,741 Total 1,111,069 1,115,436 1,099,604 1,142,193 1,143,664
Domestic Consumption none
338,791 North America 340,930 358,418 358,226 350,733 350,770
73,397 South America 76,040 79,382 84,530 87,693 87,923
154,855 European Union 151,855 150,080 151,940 148,005 149,055
10,423 Other Europe 10,895 10,757 10,877 10,811 10,811
50,587 Former Soviet Union - 12 58,063 55,005 41,746 54,506 54,666
38,192 Middle East 37,833 38,469 37,613 38,984 39,084
21,142 North Africa 21,187 24,679 25,781 24,035 24,035
88,683 Sub-Saharan Africa 96,224 95,922 103,962 101,389 101,489
192,538 East Asia 195,743 207,477 217,085 233,150 232,817
42,183 South Asia 42,673 38,599 45,538 45,013 46,063
29,476 Southeast Asia 30,277 31,158 32,965 34,810 34,410
7,666 Oceania 7,897 7,702 7,649 8,452 8,077
9,314 Others 8,953 8,888 9,238 9,438 9,438
1,057,247 Total 1,078,570 1,106,536 1,127,150 1,147,019 1,148,638
Ending Stocks none
53,810 North America 58,626 55,725 38,450 28,063 27,936
19,607 South America 16,652 14,859 15,297 15,410 15,389
12,726 European Union 20,844 25,854 15,678 13,860 13,360
1,340 Other Europe 1,517 1,653 1,668 1,455 1,455
4,801 Former Soviet Union - 12 9,318 7,326 5,639 7,800 7,830
8,663 Middle East 8,496 9,390 7,991 7,383 7,583
2,443 North Africa 2,743 5,401 4,959 3,896 3,896
7,775 Sub-Saharan Africa 9,545 10,817 10,290 9,896 9,297
43,953 East Asia 55,888 55,842 57,256 62,017 61,912
1,821 South Asia 2,086 1,670 2,835 1,922 2,490
3,475 Southeast Asia 4,446 3,329 3,600 3,768 3,765
2,737 Oceania 3,352 2,785 1,833 2,240 2,205
1,068 Others 842 789 778 782 782
164,219 Total 194,355 195,440 166,274 158,492 157,900
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
World Corn Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
14,00014,00015,15916,9718,45815,676 Argentina
9,5009,00011,5838,6237,1787,883 Brazil
5005001,657184366944 Canada
2,5002,5001,0781,5191,743591 EU-27
2,4002,2003,1001,9172,5515,077 India
1,8001,8001,2031,3881,8621,461 Paraguay
1,2001,200374271,33149 Russia
1,6001,6002,0041,3431,467128 Serbia
2,0002,0002,8391,5862,1111,124 South Africa
14,00014,0005,0085,0725,4972,074 Ukraine
3,3153,3002,7174,1993,6412,616 Others
52,81552,10046,38543,22936,20537,623 Subtotal
43,50043,50045,25449,72147,75860,663 United States
96,31595,60091,63992,95083,96398,286 World Total
none
TY Imports
2,6002,6002,7002,5691,9032,166 Algeria
8008004746991,092961 Brazil
1,0001,0009741,9611,8443,117 Canada
8008005266638391,628 Chile
4,0004,0009791,2964741 China
3,9003,9003,5043,6513,0683,267 Colombia
800800800736708811 Cuba
1,0501,0501,0501,0719731,074 Dominican Republic
6,0006,0005,8035,8325,0314,151 Egypt
4,5004,0007,3592,9312,75414,016 EU-27
1,5001,5002,5001,321317294 Indonesia
3,5003,5003,5004,3003,6002,900 Iran
1,1001,1001,0501,0538461,374 Israel
16,10016,10015,65515,97916,53316,614 Japan
8,0008,0008,1078,4617,1889,311 Korea, South
3,1003,3002,8003,1072,4473,181 Malaysia
9,8009,8008,2578,2987,7649,556 Mexico
1,9001,9001,8001,8021,5661,858 Morocco
1,8001,6001,9391,7821,4291,469 Peru
2,0002,0001,9331,8721,4821,961 Saudi Arabia
1,6001,6001,6592,0241,7841,661 Syria
4,3004,3004,1614,5214,5324,527 Taiwan
800800600500900425 Thailand
1,6001,6001,2512,1981,3361,103 Venezuela
1,3001,3001,2001,6001,250700 Vietnam
9,7209,7059,3909,88210,62111,289 Others
93,57093,05589,97190,10981,85499,455 Subtotal
2,2452,0459842,6041,772-1,670 Unaccounted
500500684237337501 United States
96,31595,60091,63992,95083,96398,286 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
The large, negative Unaccounted in 2007/08 arises largely from timing differences between declared exports and Japan's and Korea's
declared imports.
March 2012
World Corn Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
22,00022,00023,75023,30015,50022,017 Argentina
62,00061,00057,50056,10051,00058,600 Brazil
10,70010,70011,7149,56110,59211,649 Canada
191,750191,750177,245163,974165,914152,300 China
64,52464,52455,79556,94762,32147,555 EU-27
21,50021,00021,73016,72019,73018,960 India
8,1008,1006,8006,9008,7008,500 Indonesia
20,50020,50021,13020,37424,22623,600 Mexico
8,7008,7009,3408,9507,9706,500 Nigeria
7,1407,1407,2716,2316,8537,277 Philippines
6,6806,6803,0753,9636,6823,798 Russia
6,2676,2676,8006,4006,1304,054 Serbia
12,00012,50010,92413,42012,56713,164 South Africa
22,50022,50011,91910,48611,4477,421 Ukraine
5,4005,4005,0004,6074,4324,600 Vietnam
81,27881,42883,08078,75277,94573,526 Others
551,039550,189513,073486,685492,009463,521 Subtotal
313,918313,918316,165332,549307,142331,177 United States
864,957864,107829,238819,234799,151794,698 World Total
none
Total Consumption
7,7007,7007,3006,9006,4006,800 Argentina
52,00052,00049,50047,00045,50042,500 Brazil
11,10011,10011,43411,60611,68713,769 Canada
191,000191,000176,000165,000153,000150,000 China
10,40010,40012,50012,00011,10010,400 Egypt
65,90064,90062,50059,30061,60064,000 EU-27
19,20018,90018,30015,10017,00014,200 India
9,5009,5009,2008,8008,9008,500 Indonesia
16,10016,10015,60016,30016,70016,600 Japan
8,1008,1008,2238,3827,8948,638 Korea, South
30,30030,30029,00030,20032,40032,000 Mexico
8,9008,9009,2008,8007,9006,550 Nigeria
7,2007,3007,2006,5007,3007,150 Philippines
10,60010,50010,50010,3009,9009,600 South Africa
8,2508,2506,5505,7005,8505,750 Ukraine
131,009131,009126,411122,050118,992114,817 Others
589,953588,053559,347541,005523,961511,660 Subtotal
279,540279,540285,005281,590259,272261,632 United States
869,493867,593844,352822,595783,233773,292 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
1,6491,3991,3398799762,190 Argentina
10,28910,2899,7899,98912,08412,579 Brazil
57,96557,96553,41551,30251,18338,394 China
5,4085,9084,7845,2086,1494,417 EU-27
1,6951,6952,3452,7952,5022,474 Iran
1,5891,5891,6891,3893,5594,131 Mexico
2,9183,4183,4935,1694,1133,090 South Africa
22,66922,73423,56824,06924,47123,093 Others
104,182104,997100,422100,800105,03790,368 Subtotal
20,34820,34828,64443,38042,50441,255 United States
124,530125,345129,066144,180147,541131,623 World Total
March 2012
Regional Corn Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
13,174 North America 9,945 10,496 9,915 11,300 11,300
2,678 Central America 2,491 2,537 2,750 2,950 2,950
9,115 South America 8,238 9,469 8,493 9,130 9,430
14,016 European Union 2,754 2,931 7,359 4,000 4,500
651 Former Soviet Union - 12 393 254 314 200 215
10,116 Middle East 9,462 11,215 9,978 10,075 10,075
9,593 North Africa 9,574 11,725 11,528 11,850 11,850
2,174 Sub-Saharan Africa 2,915 1,909 1,261 1,635 1,635
30,746 East Asia 28,481 30,386 29,032 32,530 32,530
4,715 Southeast Asia 5,391 6,709 7,198 7,105 6,805
2,239 Caribbean 2,011 2,139 2,200 2,210 2,210
739 Others 536 576 627 570 570
99,956 Total 82,191 90,346 90,655 93,555 94,070
Production none
366,426 North America 341,960 362,484 349,009 345,118 345,118
90,887 South America 76,109 89,367 91,343 93,635 94,392
47,555 European Union 62,321 56,947 55,795 64,524 64,524
7,239 Other Europe 9,965 9,685 10,135 9,502 9,502
13,749 Former Soviet Union - 12 21,741 17,690 18,493 33,327 33,350
6,062 Middle East 6,529 6,163 5,806 5,798 5,798
6,376 North Africa 6,847 6,482 6,702 4,002 4,002
47,156 Sub-Saharan Africa 49,421 53,837 54,938 55,623 55,123
154,009 East Asia 167,580 165,379 178,883 193,401 193,401
24,090 South Asia 24,780 21,840 26,800 26,070 26,570
3,285 Central America 3,222 3,041 3,188 3,188 3,188
26,659 Southeast Asia 27,485 25,162 26,966 28,790 28,790
1,205 Others 1,191 1,157 1,180 1,129 1,199
794,698 Total 799,151 819,234 829,238 864,107 864,957
Domestic Consumption none
307,401 North America 303,359 323,396 325,439 320,940 320,940
65,837 South America 67,579 70,189 73,690 77,040 77,290
64,000 European Union 61,600 59,300 62,500 64,900 65,900
7,766 Other Europe 8,351 8,354 8,525 8,485 8,485
12,720 Former Soviet Union - 12 14,455 12,965 13,285 17,335 17,360
15,775 Middle East 15,835 16,625 16,661 16,805 16,805
15,750 North Africa 16,125 17,650 18,600 16,600 16,600
44,068 Sub-Saharan Africa 48,948 51,050 54,425 54,119 54,219
181,503 East Asia 184,015 195,811 205,803 221,155 221,155
19,531 South Asia 22,050 20,320 23,470 24,070 24,370
29,249 Southeast Asia 30,043 30,943 32,750 34,600 34,200
5,900 Central America 5,800 5,700 5,925 6,125 6,125
3,406 Others 3,235 3,225 3,350 3,325 3,350
772,906 Total 781,395 815,528 844,423 865,499 866,799
Ending Stocks none
46,843 North America 47,896 46,527 31,611 23,315 23,315
18,141 South America 15,282 13,769 13,481 13,984 13,963
4,417 European Union 6,149 5,208 4,784 5,908 5,408
1,026 Other Europe 1,184 1,369 1,354 1,141 1,141
1,271 Former Soviet Union - 12 2,086 1,491 1,824 2,480 2,524
4,041 Middle East 4,029 4,513 3,688 2,741 2,741
1,583 North Africa 2,202 2,394 2,161 1,403 1,403
6,027 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,591 9,664 8,348 8,057 7,557
42,373 East Asia 54,297 54,100 56,101 60,677 60,677
1,338 South Asia 1,498 992 1,327 1,072 1,222
3,475 Southeast Asia 4,446 3,329 3,600 3,768 3,765
765 Central America 613 498 486 484 484
323 Others 268 326 301 315 330
131,623 Total 147,541 144,180 129,066 125,345 124,530
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
World Barley Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
2,9002,9001,531549871937 Argentina
4,0003,6004,0883,8463,2783,377 Australia
1,0001,0001,0521,2031,6182,947 Canada
15159131781 China
555743 Croatia
1010514767 Egypt
2,8002,8004,5942,3892,3743,888 EU-27
2550303137371 India
550550224354314806 Kazakhstan
555212 Kenya
25252543319 Moldova
2,3002,3009692,0863,5981,277 Russia
551522114 Serbia
1501505080130 Turkey
3,4003,4002,4465,7525,8713,814 Ukraine
00151310110 Others
17,19016,81515,06317,12518,04517,693 Subtotal
200200181152158901 United States
17,39017,01515,24417,27718,20318,594 World Total
none
TY Imports
5005002626164266 Algeria
350350363346403285 Brazil
2,0001,8001,6562,3411,5511,091 China
250250250237211256 Colombia
35035028666156519 EU-27
7004004008001,4001,000 Iran
250250287491367251 Israel
1,3001,3001,3611,4111,3461,361 Japan
600600550432514528 Jordan
250250200283252254 Kuwait
200200350582296166 Libya
250250222256263313 Morocco
2002004111339179 Russia
7,5007,5006,2007,2007,7008,000 Saudi Arabia
5005002932501,050900 Syria
1,5151,5152,0261,7541,5922,101 Others
16,71516,21515,11716,46817,30417,470 Subtotal
475600-21507327412 Unaccounted
200200148302572712 United States
17,39017,01515,24417,27718,20318,594 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Barley Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
1,3501,3501,5002,400560950 Algeria
4,0004,0002,9501,3562,1101,600 Argentina
8,5008,5008,1457,8657,9977,160 Australia
1,8001,8001,9662,1232,2121,911 Belarus
7,7607,7607,6059,51711,78110,984 Canada
2,5002,6001,9722,3182,8232,785 China
1,4001,4001,4001,5691,4841,355 Ethiopia
52,25452,25453,02862,14965,50957,545 EU-27
1,6601,5701,3501,6901,2001,330 India
3,0003,0003,5003,4461,5473,104 Iran
2,5932,5931,3132,5192,0592,441 Kazakhstan
2,3402,3402,5703,8001,272763 Morocco
16,93516,9358,35017,88123,14815,663 Russia
6,5006,5005,9006,5005,7006,000 Turkey
9,0009,0008,48411,83312,6125,981 Ukraine
9,0529,0488,7198,8917,8989,012 Others
130,644130,650118,752145,857149,912128,584 Subtotal
3,3923,3923,9254,9495,2304,575 United States
134,036134,042122,677150,806155,142133,159 World Total
none
Total Consumption
1,7001,7001,5001,3501,1001,100 Algeria
4,3004,7004,3004,5004,0003,100 Australia
2,0002,0002,0002,2002,2002,000 Belarus
7,3007,3007,5848,5049,0657,916 Canada
4,3004,5004,1504,4004,2003,900 China
52,00052,00056,40056,50057,00054,200 EU-27
1,5501,5001,3501,5001,0001,000 India
3,7003,6003,7003,7003,5503,600 Iran
1,5251,5251,5501,5501,5501,600 Japan
1,8251,8251,3252,0001,8501,700 Kazakhstan
3,1503,1503,0502,9001,7001,800 Morocco
14,30014,3009,50016,65017,10015,050 Russia
7,0257,0256,3257,4257,4257,430 Saudi Arabia
6,4506,4506,0005,9005,7006,100 Turkey
5,0005,0006,0005,6005,9005,000 Ukraine
15,08315,07814,87115,17615,06914,608 Others
131,833132,403131,259140,106139,045129,861 Subtotal
4,3544,3544,5374,6045,1274,324 United States
136,187136,757135,796144,710144,172134,185 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
1,5871,5871,3371,258184333 Algeria
1,2561,2561,0561,8752,4251,662 Australia
5,3145,3147,46015,53210,9165,705 EU-27
1,4681,2681,4681,268622725 Iran
1,3211,3211,3862,3953,8131,153 Russia
1,7281,7281,2532,0782,2032,428 Saudi Arabia
1,6991,6997941,0671,055710 Ukraine
6,8366,7937,6449,4748,2166,195 Others
21,20920,96622,39834,94729,43418,911 Subtotal
9839831,9452,5151,9321,485 United States
22,19221,94924,34337,46231,36620,396 World Total
March 2012
Regional Barley Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
933 North America 737 373 227 300 300
751 South America 810 772 911 825 825
519 European Union 156 66 286 350 350
207 Other Europe 82 153 229 135 135
404 Former Soviet Union - 12 269 195 698 385 385
11,506 Middle East 11,681 10,046 8,341 9,900 10,200
1,152 North Africa 973 1,223 1,309 1,200 1,200
154 Sub-Saharan Africa 120 54 81 60 60
2,550 East Asia 3,000 3,861 3,138 3,225 3,425
6 South Asia 48 10 30 30 30
0 Oceania 0 17 15 5 5
18,182 Total 17,876 16,770 15,265 16,415 16,915
Production none
16,212 North America 17,822 14,966 12,311 11,715 11,715
2,697 South America 3,156 2,443 3,869 5,051 5,051
57,545 European Union 65,509 62,149 53,028 52,254 52,254
1,412 Other Europe 1,613 1,440 1,380 1,420 1,420
27,323 Former Soviet Union - 12 41,651 35,973 21,675 31,828 31,962
11,030 Middle East 8,004 11,320 11,370 11,270 11,270
2,493 North Africa 2,347 7,324 4,572 4,635 4,635
1,733 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,826 1,950 1,755 1,833 1,833
3,149 East Asia 3,210 2,646 2,215 3,034 2,804
2,005 South Asia 1,607 2,330 1,957 2,102 2,192
7,560 Oceania 8,397 8,265 8,545 8,900 8,900
133,159 Total 155,142 150,806 122,677 134,042 134,036
Domestic Consumption none
13,040 North America 15,042 13,858 12,871 12,354 12,354
2,562 South America 2,703 2,933 2,930 3,045 3,045
54,200 European Union 57,000 56,500 56,400 52,000 52,000
1,640 Other Europe 1,705 1,592 1,565 1,540 1,540
25,125 Former Soviet Union - 12 28,744 28,090 20,471 24,665 24,800
20,777 Middle East 20,556 20,403 19,473 20,781 20,881
4,352 North Africa 3,987 5,847 5,970 6,200 6,200
1,789 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,955 1,978 1,850 1,855 1,855
5,763 East Asia 6,006 6,195 5,900 6,405 6,075
1,680 South Asia 1,438 2,163 1,987 2,062 2,112
3,500 Oceania 4,400 4,900 4,725 5,100 4,700
134,428 Total 143,536 144,459 134,142 136,007 135,562
Ending Stocks none
3,281 North America 5,112 5,231 3,581 2,042 2,042
460 South America 766 601 767 598 598
5,705 European Union 10,916 15,532 7,460 5,314 5,314
279 Other Europe 279 238 268 273 273
2,631 Former Soviet Union - 12 5,701 4,449 3,054 3,990 4,026
4,507 Middle East 4,389 4,837 4,263 4,602 4,802
818 North Africa 511 2,963 2,740 2,465 2,465
214 Sub-Saharan Africa 204 233 224 257 257
753 East Asia 940 1,239 683 888 822
50 South Asia 87 224 214 226 299
1,698 Oceania 2,461 1,915 1,089 1,294 1,294
20,396 Total 31,366 37,462 24,343 21,949 22,192
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
World Sorghum Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
2,0002,0001,8661,5079071,172 Argentina
1,2001,2005753501,360340 Australia
5050684132223 China
2550501245491 India
2525253901 Kenya
505050505050 Nigeria
202020484821 South Africa
5555527345277 Others
3,4253,4502,7062,2322,4962,175 Subtotal
1,6501,6503,7944,0743,5986,664 United States
5,0755,1006,5006,3066,0948,839 World Total
none
TY Imports
600600729568404268 Chile
75754831412 China
30030039121220266 Colombia
50505012514030 Ethiopia
50509227665,267 EU-27
1,5001,5001,4181,6491,6291,084 Japan
1,6001,6002,3812,5272,4961,156 Mexico
10010010014449 Morocco
300300200400300300 Sudan
757575717283 Taiwan
345345391526430784 Others
4,9954,9956,6616,3125,7579,059 Subtotal
80105-162-6334-221 Unaccounted
001031 United States
5,0755,1006,5006,3066,0948,839 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Sorghum Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
4,2004,4004,4003,6291,6602,937 Argentina
2,6502,6002,0681,5082,6923,790 Australia
2,2002,2002,3141,8542,0041,441 Brazil
1,8001,8001,9501,5221,8751,507 Burkina
1,8501,8501,8001,6771,8371,920 China
900900900900900900 Egypt
2,7002,7003,2002,0842,6192,659 Ethiopia
751751621621517525 EU-27
6,1006,8007,0006,7007,2507,930 India
850850925980930901 Mali
6,6006,6007,3506,2507,0676,200 Mexico
9009001,2007391,214930 Niger
11,50011,50011,70011,50011,00010,000 Nigeria
3,8003,8004,6062,6304,1924,500 Sudan
740740850710700900 Tanzania
6,7846,8046,6736,1546,3936,233 Others
54,32555,19557,55749,45852,85053,273 Subtotal
5,4475,4478,7799,72811,99812,636 United States
59,77260,64266,33659,18664,84865,909 World Total
none
Total Consumption
2,3002,3002,2001,9001,1001,200 Argentina
1,4051,4051,4051,2051,8052,205 Australia
2,2752,2752,2751,8751,8751,375 Brazil
1,8001,8001,8001,6971,7001,507 Burkina
1,9001,9001,8001,9002,0002,000 China
950950900900950900 Egypt
2,8002,8003,0002,4002,7002,600 Ethiopia
8058051,5406309056,305 EU-27
6,3006,8006,8006,6007,2007,900 India
1,5001,5001,4201,6501,6001,100 Japan
850850925980930901 Mali
8,6508,6509,4009,7008,6007,200 Mexico
1,0001,0001,2009001,2001,000 Niger
11,45011,45011,65011,45010,9509,950 Nigeria
4,1004,1004,5003,4004,5005,000 Sudan
8,9258,9458,9638,2198,2218,248 Others
56,96457,50959,78355,76456,04359,442 Subtotal
3,9373,9375,3125,8598,3195,081 United States
60,90161,44665,09561,62364,36264,523 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
502502602152194746 Argentina
589639544681678791 Australia
186225211275456637 China
24724729747238179 Ethiopia
2942947444131,336373 Mexico
200200200200200200 Nigeria
605705610309684697 Sudan
9029251,4329711,3571,084 Others
3,5253,7374,6403,0485,1434,707 Subtotal
6836836971,0481,3901,340 United States
4,2084,4205,3374,0966,5336,047 World Total
March 2012
Regional Sorghum Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
1,157 North America 2,499 2,527 2,382 1,600 1,600
432 South America 665 848 1,155 965 965
5,267 European Union 66 7 922 50 50
142 Other Europe 0 17 25 20 20
156 Middle East 81 48 132 55 55
11 North Africa 45 166 121 125 125
663 Sub-Saharan Africa 667 842 408 515 515
1,196 East Asia 1,719 1,806 1,502 1,655 1,655
31 Southeast Asia 14 16 10 10 10
5 Others 4 35 5 0 0
9,060 Total 5,760 6,312 6,662 4,995 4,995
Production none
18,836 North America 19,065 15,978 16,129 12,047 12,047
396 Central America 298 326 329 329 329
128 Caribbean 128 128 128 128 128
5,102 South America 4,719 6,153 7,471 7,422 7,202
525 European Union 517 621 621 751 751
859 Middle East 654 602 640 640 640
915 North Africa 915 915 915 915 915
25,280 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,553 24,359 29,020 26,945 26,945
1,940 East Asia 1,857 1,697 1,820 1,870 1,870
8,081 South Asia 7,395 6,845 7,145 6,945 6,245
57 Southeast Asia 55 54 50 50 50
3,790 Oceania 2,692 1,508 2,068 2,600 2,650
0 Others 0 0 0 0 0
65,909 Total 64,848 59,186 66,336 60,642 59,772
Domestic Consumption none
12,281 North America 16,919 15,559 14,712 12,587 12,587
375 Central America 315 325 325 325 325
128 Caribbean 128 128 128 128 128
3,793 South America 4,766 5,318 6,304 6,352 6,332
6,305 European Union 905 630 1,540 805 805
970 Middle East 749 694 777 700 700
924 North Africa 965 1,012 1,040 1,065 1,065
26,013 Sub-Saharan Africa 26,891 25,909 28,524 27,595 27,595
3,222 East Asia 3,699 3,643 3,320 3,500 3,500
8,053 South Asia 7,349 6,780 6,945 6,945 6,445
61 Southeast Asia 64 45 45 40 40
2,205 Oceania 1,805 1,205 1,405 1,405 1,405
142 Others 0 17 25 20 20
64,472 Total 64,555 61,265 65,090 61,467 60,947
Ending Stocks none
1,713 North America 2,726 1,461 1,441 977 977
45 Central America 27 28 32 31 31
880 South America 491 394 899 728 719
71 European Union 34 24 22 13 13
76 Middle East 62 18 13 8 8
41 North Africa 29 43 57 27 27
1,514 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,727 896 1,694 1,558 1,459
733 East Asia 578 397 331 345 306
183 South Asia 181 154 304 94 79
791 Oceania 678 681 544 639 589
0 Others 0 0 0 0 0
6,047 Total 6,533 4,096 5,337 4,420 4,208
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
World Oats Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
556151 Argentina
200200211211161174 Australia
559494 Brazil
1,7001,5001,4971,5391,7922,321 Canada
7575129373117 Chile
150150113216103133 EU-27
551427 Russia
55420633 Others
2,1451,9451,9702,0322,1092,690 Subtotal
454537383853 United States
2,1901,9902,0072,0702,1472,743 World Total
none
TY Imports
000101 Algeria
550221 Argentina
555323 Bosnia and Herzegovina
151518211417 Canada
505058573913 China
5522214 Colombia
101011111415 Ecuador
556242 EU-27
606064564668 Japan
75751034682131 Mexico
15151034847 Norway
252525213318 South Africa
505049495256 Switzerland
5550611 Turkey
55114110 Uruguay
00131311 Others
330330380310318408 Subtotal
1601601591534291 Unaccounted
1,7001,5001,4681,6071,7872,244 United States
2,1901,9902,0072,0702,1472,743 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Oats Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
1401401401408080 Algeria
345345660182291472 Argentina
1,6501,6501,1411,1621,1601,502 Australia
800800442552605580 Belarus
370370379253239238 Brazil
3,0003,0002,4802,9064,2734,696 Canada
500500564381344384 Chile
420420420410300350 China
8,0138,0137,3708,5798,9358,634 EU-27
258258134204138230 Kazakhstan
245245245245328276 Norway
5,3345,3343,2185,4015,8355,384 Russia
120120120120120120 Serbia
210210210218196189 Turkey
550550458731944544 Ukraine
470470466485485462 Others
22,42522,42518,44721,96924,27324,141 Subtotal
7797791,1781,3511,2941,313 United States
23,20423,20419,62523,32025,56725,454 World Total
none
Total Consumption
1401401411408086 Algeria
350350650200300450 Argentina
1,3501,3509009751,0351,335 Australia
775775475575600575 Belarus
360360370250225240 Brazil
1,4001,4001,5291,7531,7661,935 Canada
400400450350325350 Chile
500500450450350375 China
7,8007,8007,8008,1008,5008,650 EU-27
225225130210135215 Kazakhstan
190190185215210235 Mexico
265265257285320340 Norway
4,9004,9003,4505,5005,6005,300 Russia
215215215215210200 Turkey
550550475725925550 Ukraine
639639646622608626 Others
20,13920,03318,12020,63421,21321,785 Subtotal
2,7082,6962,7893,0112,9683,161 United States
22,84722,72920,90923,64524,18124,946 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
6969747089100 Argentina
259259159126147183 Australia
434318517469 Belarus
6348347691,1701,527950 Canada
8181111836677 China
7557556871,224972625 EU-27
596596167397499266 Russia
200191217181198168 Others
2,6372,8282,2023,3023,5722,438 Subtotal
9048319821,1661,221969 United States
3,5413,6593,1844,4684,7933,407 World Total
March 2012
Regional Oats Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
2,392 North America 1,883 1,674 1,589 1,590 1,790
30 South America 32 19 24 25 25
2 European Union 4 2 6 5 5
108 Other Europe 62 87 71 70 70
7 Former Soviet Union - 12 0 0 6 0 0
11 Middle East 6 0 5 5 5
1 North Africa 0 1 0 0 0
18 Sub-Saharan Africa 33 21 25 25 25
81 East Asia 85 113 122 110 110
2 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
2,652 Total 2,105 1,917 1,848 1,830 2,030
Production none
6,134 North America 5,715 4,387 3,769 3,894 3,894
1,117 South America 897 857 1,644 1,256 1,256
8,634 European Union 8,935 8,579 7,370 8,013 8,013
553 Other Europe 605 522 522 522 522
6,743 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,527 6,893 4,257 6,947 6,947
189 Middle East 196 218 210 210 210
110 North Africa 110 170 170 170 170
45 Sub-Saharan Africa 45 45 45 45 45
352 East Asia 302 412 422 422 422
1,577 Oceania 1,235 1,237 1,216 1,725 1,725
25,454 Total 25,567 23,320 19,625 23,204 23,204
Domestic Consumption none
5,331 North America 4,944 4,979 4,503 4,286 4,298
1,091 South America 896 857 1,538 1,171 1,171
8,650 European Union 8,500 8,100 7,800 7,800 7,800
680 Other Europe 647 620 595 597 597
6,645 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,265 7,015 4,535 6,455 6,455
200 Middle East 210 215 215 215 215
116 North Africa 110 170 171 170 170
55 Sub-Saharan Africa 75 65 70 70 70
445 East Asia 400 505 510 566 566
1,410 Oceania 1,110 1,050 975 1,425 1,425
24,623 Total 24,157 23,576 20,912 22,755 22,767
Ending Stocks none
1,928 North America 2,756 2,343 1,756 1,670 1,543
126 South America 113 95 150 100 109
625 European Union 972 1,224 687 755 755
34 Other Europe 53 45 45 40 40
404 Former Soviet Union - 12 658 517 235 717 717
5 Middle East 2 5 5 5 5
1 North Africa 1 1 1 1 1
20 Sub-Saharan Africa 23 24 24 24 24
81 East Asia 68 88 122 88 88
183 Oceania 147 126 159 259 259
3,407 Total 4,793 4,468 3,184 3,659 3,541
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
World Rye Trade
October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
TY Exports
7575150255075 Belarus
12512522114276167 Canada
1001007113611459 EU-27
1005021111486 Russia
5529360 Ukraine
003003 Others
405355468407260390 Subtotal
553468 United States
410360471411266398 World Total
none
TY Imports
000000 Albania
000000 Argentina
111222 Croatia
10050366888 EU-27
1010199117 Israel
75751011035783 Japan
5511776 Korea, South
101012141111 Norway
552644 Switzerland
5500614 Turkey
00150230 Others
211161332149109215 Subtotal
4974-91334931 Unaccounted
150125148129108152 United States
410360471411266398 World Total
TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes.
March 2012
World Rye Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12
Feb
2011/12
Mar
none
Production
505040555577 Argentina
1,5001,5007351,2271,4921,305 Belarus
195195232280316252 Canada
6,8846,8847,7969,9529,2627,679 EU-27
2,9692,9691,6424,3334,5053,909 Russia
270270270343247241 Turkey
5505504649541,051562 Ukraine
154154168202190209 Others
12,57212,57211,34717,34617,11814,234 Subtotal
161161189178203160 United States
12,73312,73311,53617,52417,32114,394 World Total
none
Total Consumption
505040555577 Argentina
1,3001,3006501,3001,4001,200 Belarus
7575139140152143 Canada
7,3507,3008,2009,5508,7507,300 EU-27
7575100906590 Japan
303040754065 Kazakhstan
373738405961 Norway
2,9002,9001,8504,3254,4003,750 Russia
270270265340275250 Turkey
600600650800800550 Ukraine
120120129124127122 Others
12,85412,82912,13616,90916,18113,663 Subtotal
305280330273292335 United States
13,15913,10912,46617,18216,47313,998 World Total
none
Ending Stocks
20420479144242200 Belarus
36364113912335 Canada
7707701,2361,7271,4241,017 EU-27
19191918513 Japan
219269250308312223 Russia
272722171434 Turkey
13413418941131368 Ukraine
779775 Others
1,4161,4661,8452,7712,4401,595 Subtotal
232320241310 United States
1,4391,4891,8652,7952,4531,605 World Total
March 2012
Regional Rye Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks
Thousand Metric Tons
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Feb
2011/12
Mar
2011/12
TY Imports none
152 North America 108 129 148 125 150
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
88 European Union 8 6 36 50 100
17 Other Europe 18 22 15 16 16
0 Former Soviet Union - 12 2 2 150 0 0
21 Middle East 17 9 19 15 15
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
89 East Asia 64 110 112 80 80
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
367 Total 217 278 480 286 361
Production none
412 North America 519 458 421 356 356
84 South America 63 61 45 55 55
7,679 European Union 9,262 9,952 7,796 6,884 6,884
111 Other Europe 119 98 98 98 98
5,844 Former Soviet Union - 12 7,088 6,589 2,883 5,047 5,047
241 Middle East 247 343 270 270 270
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
0 East Asia 0 0 0 0 0
20 Oceania 20 20 20 20 20
14,394 Total 17,321 17,524 11,536 12,733 12,733
Domestic Consumption none
478 North America 444 413 469 355 380
84 South America 63 61 45 55 55
7,300 European Union 8,750 9,550 8,200 7,300 7,350
140 Other Europe 137 119 112 114 114
5,565 Former Soviet Union - 12 6,640 6,500 3,190 4,830 4,830
257 Middle East 286 349 284 280 280
3 Sub-Saharan Africa 3 3 3 3 3
96 East Asia 72 97 111 80 80
20 Oceania 20 20 17 20 20
13,943 Total 16,415 17,112 12,431 13,037 13,112
Ending Stocks none
45 North America 136 163 61 59 59
0 South America 0 0 0 0 0
1,017 European Union 1,424 1,727 1,236 770 770
1 Other Europe 1 1 1 1 1
495 Former Soviet Union - 12 873 869 526 613 563
34 Middle East 14 17 22 27 27
0 Sub-Saharan Africa 0 0 0 0 0
13 East Asia 5 18 19 19 19
0 Oceania 0 0 0 0 0
1,605 Total 2,453 2,795 1,865 1,489 1,439
NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported
using local marketing years.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
34
HISTORICAL DATA SERIES FOR SELECTED REGIONS AND COUNTRIES
CONTENTS
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand .............................................. 35 China: Grain Supply and Demand .............................................................. 36 Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand .................................................. 37 Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand ...................................... 38 Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ............................... 42 Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ................................. 44 Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ............................... 46 Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters ........................... 47
U.S. Grains: Supply and Distribution ......................................................... 48 Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand ................................ 49 World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand .............................. 50 World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand ............................................ 51 World Rice: Supply and Demand ............................................................... 52
DG F/SA &F
March 2012
European Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production Imports Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
131.7 118.456.315.73.55.026.5 2000/01 17.5
123.4 118.556.512.88.74.825.9 2001/02 18.3
132.6 125.060.018.110.75.026.4 2002/03 18.5
110.6 115.152.49.87.44.524.3 2003/04 11.5
146.9 123.259.214.77.15.726.0 2004/05 27.5
132.4 127.563.015.76.85.125.8 2005/06 23.4
124.9 125.560.213.85.25.124.5 2006/07 14.2
120.1 116.552.412.36.94.924.7 2007/08 12.4
151.1 127.060.525.47.75.726.7 2008/09 18.9
138.8 125.057.522.15.55.425.8 2009/10 16.2
135.7 122.052.522.94.75.226.1 2010/11 11.7
137.5 125.555.517.07.55.325.8 2011/12 14.2
Coarse Grains
140.3 139.7105.59.34.14.233.2 2000/01 18.4
150.5 143.8108.16.73.94.533.7 2001/02 22.4
148.4 145.0109.57.64.44.532.8 2002/03 22.6
131.8 145.3109.74.28.24.032.7 2003/04 13.1
166.7 152.6116.64.93.05.033.4 2004/05 25.3
146.8 148.1110.04.42.84.532.7 2005/06 22.4
137.9 148.4110.94.78.14.332.0 2006/07 15.3
136.6 154.9119.64.620.34.232.2 2007/08 12.7
162.1 151.9114.05.63.44.833.6 2008/09 20.8
155.0 150.1112.63.03.04.832.5 2009/10 25.9
139.5 151.9114.06.28.54.630.2 2010/11 15.7
147.2 149.1110.85.65.14.930.2 2011/12 13.4
Wheat and Coarse Grains
272.0 258.0161.824.97.64.659.7 2000/01 35.9
273.9 262.3164.619.412.74.659.6 2001/02 40.7
281.0 270.0169.525.715.04.759.2 2002/03 41.1
242.4 260.4162.114.015.64.257.0 2003/04 24.7
313.6 275.9175.819.610.15.359.4 2004/05 52.8
279.1 275.6173.020.19.64.858.5 2005/06 45.8
262.8 273.9171.118.513.34.756.4 2006/07 29.5
256.7 271.4172.016.927.24.556.9 2007/08 25.2
313.2 278.9174.530.911.25.260.2 2008/09 39.8
293.9 275.1170.125.18.65.058.3 2009/10 42.0
275.1 273.9166.529.013.24.956.3 2010/11 27.4
284.7 274.6166.322.612.65.156.0 2011/12 27.5
March 2012
China: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production Imports Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
99.6 110.310.00.60.23.726.7 2000/01 91.9
93.9 108.79.01.51.13.824.6 2001/02 76.6
90.3 105.26.51.70.43.823.9 2002/03 60.4
86.5 104.56.02.83.73.922.0 2003/04 43.3
92.0 102.04.01.26.74.321.6 2004/05 38.8
97.4 101.53.51.41.14.322.8 2005/06 34.5
108.5 102.04.02.80.44.623.6 2006/07 38.6
109.3 106.08.02.80.04.623.7 2007/08 39.1
112.5 105.58.00.70.54.823.6 2008/09 45.8
115.1 107.010.00.91.44.724.3 2009/10 54.4
115.2 110.513.00.90.94.724.3 2010/11 59.1
117.9 116.017.51.01.54.924.2 2011/12 61.5
Coarse Grains
114.0 130.494.47.32.44.326.5 2000/01 102.8
122.4 133.096.38.62.04.527.3 2001/02 85.6
130.6 136.398.415.31.84.727.8 2002/03 66.5
124.0 138.399.17.71.54.626.8 2003/04 45.9
138.3 141.1100.37.62.14.928.0 2004/05 37.6
147.8 147.2103.43.82.35.128.8 2005/06 36.7
159.1 153.5104.65.51.25.130.9 2006/07 38.0
158.9 157.8106.30.91.25.031.8 2007/08 39.4
172.4 161.1108.30.21.75.432.2 2008/09 52.2
169.6 173.0118.40.23.85.133.4 2009/10 52.4
182.9 183.8124.30.22.75.334.7 2010/11 53.9
198.0 199.1134.40.36.15.535.7 2011/12 58.6
Wheat and Coarse Grains
213.6 240.7104.47.92.64.053.1 2000/01 194.7
216.3 241.7105.310.13.14.252.0 2001/02 162.2
220.9 241.5104.917.12.24.351.7 2002/03 126.8
210.5 242.8105.110.55.34.348.8 2003/04 89.2
230.2 243.1104.38.88.84.649.6 2004/05 76.4
245.2 248.7106.95.23.44.751.6 2005/06 71.2
267.6 255.5108.68.21.54.954.5 2006/07 76.6
268.2 263.8114.33.71.24.855.5 2007/08 78.5
284.9 266.6116.30.92.15.155.8 2008/09 98.0
284.7 280.0128.41.15.24.957.7 2009/10 106.8
298.1 294.3137.31.13.65.159.0 2010/11 113.0
315.9 315.1151.91.37.65.359.9 2011/12 120.1
March 2012
Other Europe: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production Imports Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
4.6 5.50.70.31.23.31.4 2000/01 1.4
4.9 5.90.90.61.83.41.4 2001/02 1.5
4.9 5.60.90.61.43.51.4 2002/03 1.5
3.9 5.40.70.11.53.11.2 2003/04 1.3
5.4 5.91.00.31.54.01.4 2004/05 2.0
4.2 5.80.90.21.53.71.1 2005/06 1.8
4.3 5.30.70.61.53.61.2 2006/07 1.7
4.4 5.50.80.81.93.71.2 2007/08 1.8
4.7 5.61.00.51.74.21.1 2008/09 2.2
4.6 5.50.80.81.73.81.2 2009/10 2.2
3.8 5.30.70.81.63.61.1 2010/11 1.5
4.4 5.50.80.81.74.01.1 2011/12 1.4
Coarse Grains
8.1 9.07.70.01.03.12.6 2000/01 1.0
10.9 11.19.80.20.84.12.7 2001/02 1.4
11.7 11.49.90.60.64.42.7 2002/03 1.8
9.2 10.89.50.10.83.52.7 2003/04 1.1
12.8 12.210.80.60.64.82.7 2004/05 1.6
12.7 12.010.71.40.74.82.7 2005/06 1.5
11.6 11.510.20.90.94.62.5 2006/07 1.5
9.4 10.49.10.11.03.62.6 2007/08 1.3
12.4 10.99.61.90.64.62.7 2008/09 1.5
11.8 10.89.31.70.74.82.4 2009/10 1.7
12.2 10.99.32.20.94.92.5 2010/11 1.7
11.6 10.89.31.70.74.62.5 2011/12 1.5
Wheat and Coarse Grains
12.7 14.58.40.32.23.24.0 2000/01 2.3
15.8 17.010.70.82.63.94.1 2001/02 2.9
16.6 17.010.71.22.04.14.1 2002/03 3.3
13.1 16.210.20.22.33.43.9 2003/04 2.4
18.2 18.111.80.92.14.54.0 2004/05 3.7
16.9 17.811.51.62.14.43.8 2005/06 3.3
15.9 16.810.91.52.44.33.7 2006/07 3.3
13.8 15.910.00.92.93.63.8 2007/08 3.2
17.1 16.510.52.42.34.53.8 2008/09 3.7
16.4 16.210.12.52.44.53.7 2009/10 3.8
16.0 16.210.03.02.54.53.6 2010/11 3.2
16.0 16.310.12.52.54.43.6 2011/12 2.8
March 2012
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand
Wheat and Coarse Grains Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production Imports Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
90.7 75.023.521.15.61.849.2 2005/06 17.0
84.7 72.521.622.66.01.845.8 2006/07 12.6
92.4 75.423.921.96.01.947.4 2007/08 13.8
115.5 76.024.437.86.62.251.7 2008/09 22.1
114.0 77.825.736.75.42.155.0 2009/10 27.1
81.1 75.223.814.15.51.651.8 2010/11 24.2
114.3 80.427.835.76.82.350.7 2011/12 29.2
Coarse Grains
55.7 50.534.58.61.12.028.3 2005/06 5.2
59.1 51.435.88.51.02.030.0 2006/07 5.4
54.2 50.635.05.31.01.829.6 2007/08 4.8
79.0 58.141.517.10.72.630.9 2008/09 9.3
67.6 55.039.115.00.42.329.6 2009/10 7.3
47.6 41.728.78.71.21.826.2 2010/11 5.6
78.5 54.739.222.30.62.828.3 2011/12 7.8
March 2012
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Wheat)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
12.5 7.52.65.70.10.913.5 2008/09 3.4
17.1 7.62.77.90.11.214.8 2009/10 5.0
9.6 6.21.95.50.00.714.3 2010/11 2.9
22.7 9.04.09.00.01.613.8 2011/12 7.7
Russia
63.8 38.916.218.40.22.426.6 2008/09 10.7
61.8 39.616.818.60.22.228.7 2009/10 14.5
41.5 38.616.04.00.11.626.6 2010/11 13.5
56.2 38.616.020.50.22.225.7 2011/12 10.9
Ukraine
25.9 11.92.913.00.13.77.1 2008/09 3.1
20.9 12.33.39.30.03.16.8 2009/10 2.4
16.8 11.62.84.30.02.76.3 2010/11 3.3
22.0 13.44.66.00.13.36.7 2011/12 6.0
Uzbekistan
6.0 7.11.30.21.44.41.4 2008/09 0.9
6.2 7.51.40.41.74.41.4 2009/10 0.9
6.5 7.91.50.11.64.61.4 2010/11 1.0
6.3 8.01.50.12.04.51.4 2011/12 1.2
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
7.3 10.61.40.44.72.33.1 2008/09 4.0
8.2 10.81.50.53.52.43.4 2009/10 4.3
6.6 10.91.60.23.72.13.2 2010/11 3.4
7.0 11.41.70.14.52.33.1 2011/12 3.5
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
115.5 76.024.437.86.62.251.7 2008/09 22.1
114.0 77.825.736.75.42.155.0 2009/10 27.1
81.1 75.223.814.15.51.651.8 2010/11 24.2
114.3 80.427.835.76.82.350.7 2011/12 29.2
March 2012
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Barley)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
2.1 1.91.60.30.11.02.1 2008/09 0.3
2.5 2.01.70.40.01.41.8 2009/10 0.5
1.3 1.31.00.20.10.81.6 2010/11 0.3
2.6 1.81.50.60.01.71.6 2011/12 0.5
Russia
23.1 17.112.33.40.12.49.7 2008/09 3.8
17.9 16.712.22.70.02.09.1 2009/10 2.4
8.4 9.55.50.30.41.27.2 2010/11 1.4
16.9 14.39.82.90.22.18.0 2011/12 1.3
Ukraine
12.6 5.94.36.40.03.04.2 2008/09 1.1
11.8 5.63.96.20.02.45.0 2009/10 1.1
8.5 6.04.42.80.02.04.3 2010/11 0.8
9.0 5.03.43.10.02.43.7 2011/12 1.7
Uzbekistan
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2008/09 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2009/10 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2010/11 0.0
0.2 0.30.20.00.03.20.1 2011/12 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.6 3.62.80.00.12.81.3 2008/09 0.5
3.5 3.62.80.00.12.71.3 2009/10 0.5
3.3 3.42.60.00.22.41.4 2010/11 0.6
3.2 3.42.60.00.12.51.3 2011/12 0.5
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
41.7 28.721.210.10.32.417.3 2008/09 5.7
36.0 28.120.79.30.22.117.3 2009/10 4.4
21.7 20.513.73.30.71.514.6 2010/11 3.1
32.0 24.817.56.60.42.214.6 2011/12 4.0
March 2012
Millions of Tons/Hectares
Former Soviet Union: Grain Supply and Demand (Corn)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Former Soviet Union - 12
Kazakhstan
0.4 0.40.30.00.04.30.1 2008/09 0.0
0.5 0.40.30.00.04.70.1 2009/10 0.0
0.5 0.50.40.00.05.10.1 2010/11 0.1
0.5 0.50.40.00.04.90.1 2011/12 0.1
Russia
6.7 5.24.51.30.13.71.8 2008/09 0.3
4.0 3.73.20.40.02.91.4 2009/10 0.1
3.1 3.22.80.00.12.21.4 2010/11 0.1
6.7 5.14.41.20.13.81.7 2011/12 0.5
Ukraine
11.4 5.95.15.50.04.72.4 2008/09 0.9
10.5 5.75.05.10.05.02.1 2009/10 0.7
11.9 6.65.85.00.04.52.6 2010/11 1.1
22.5 8.37.514.00.06.43.5 2011/12 1.3
Uzbekistan
0.2 0.20.20.00.04.60.0 2008/09 0.0
0.2 0.20.20.00.04.60.0 2009/10 0.0
0.2 0.20.20.00.04.60.0 2010/11 0.0
0.2 0.20.20.00.04.60.0 2011/12 0.0
Other Former Soviet Union - 12
3.0 2.82.50.10.33.60.8 2008/09 0.9
2.6 3.02.70.10.23.30.8 2009/10 0.6
2.9 2.92.60.20.23.70.8 2010/11 0.6
3.5 3.43.00.30.14.20.8 2011/12 0.6
Total Former Soviet Union - 12
21.7 14.512.66.90.44.25.2 2008/09 2.1
17.7 13.011.35.60.34.04.4 2009/10 1.5
18.5 13.311.75.20.33.75.0 2010/11 1.8
33.4 17.415.415.50.25.46.2 2011/12 2.5
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Wheat Competitors
Argentina
15.1 5.40.19.50.02.56.0 2003/04 1.6
16.9 5.40.111.90.02.66.4 2004/05 1.3
13.8 5.10.09.60.02.55.5 2005/06 0.4
16.3 5.40.110.70.02.66.2 2006/07 0.6
18.6 5.70.111.20.02.86.6 2007/08 2.4
11.0 5.30.06.80.02.15.3 2008/09 1.3
12.0 5.80.05.10.03.04.0 2009/10 2.4
16.1 5.90.09.50.03.54.6 2010/11 3.1
14.5 5.90.09.00.02.95.0 2011/12 2.7
Australia
26.1 6.03.218.00.12.013.1 2003/04 5.4
21.9 6.03.214.70.11.613.4 2004/05 6.7
25.2 6.63.716.00.12.012.5 2005/06 9.4
10.8 7.44.58.70.10.911.8 2006/07 4.2
13.6 6.53.57.50.11.112.6 2007/08 3.9
21.4 7.34.214.70.11.613.5 2008/09 3.4
21.8 4.91.914.80.11.613.9 2009/10 5.6
27.9 6.13.018.70.12.013.6 2010/11 8.8
29.5 7.74.521.50.12.114.1 2011/12 9.2
Canada
23.0 7.23.115.80.22.310.2 2003/04 6.0
24.8 8.23.814.90.32.69.4 2004/05 7.9
25.7 8.23.816.00.32.79.4 2005/06 9.7
25.3 9.04.519.40.32.69.7 2006/07 6.9
20.1 6.82.216.10.42.38.6 2007/08 4.4
28.6 8.03.218.90.42.910.0 2008/09 6.5
26.8 6.92.219.00.42.89.6 2009/10 7.8
23.2 7.72.816.60.42.88.3 2010/11 7.2
25.3 9.03.917.50.43.08.5 2011/12 6.3
Total Wheat Competitors
64.3 18.56.443.30.32.229.2 2003/04 13.0
63.6 19.67.141.50.32.229.2 2004/05 15.9
64.7 19.97.541.70.42.427.3 2005/06 19.4
52.4 21.79.138.90.41.927.7 2006/07 11.6
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Wheat Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
52.2 18.95.834.80.51.927.8 2007/08 10.6
61.0 20.67.440.40.52.128.8 2008/09 11.2
60.7 17.74.139.00.52.227.5 2009/10 15.8
67.2 19.75.844.70.62.526.5 2010/11 19.1
69.3 22.78.448.00.52.527.6 2011/12 18.2
India
65.8 68.90.65.70.02.624.9 2003/04 6.9
72.2 72.80.52.10.02.726.6 2004/05 4.1
68.6 70.00.30.80.02.626.5 2005/06 2.0
69.4 73.50.30.16.72.626.4 2006/07 4.5
75.8 76.40.20.02.02.728.0 2007/08 5.8
78.6 70.90.10.00.02.828.2 2008/09 13.4
80.7 78.20.10.10.22.927.8 2009/10 16.1
80.8 81.80.20.10.32.828.5 2010/11 15.4
86.9 83.10.20.70.03.029.4 2011/12 18.5
Turkey
16.8 16.81.00.81.12.08.6 2003/04 1.7
18.5 16.81.02.00.42.28.6 2004/05 1.8
18.5 16.10.43.20.12.28.6 2005/06 1.1
17.5 16.70.82.41.72.08.6 2006/07 1.3
15.5 16.80.81.72.22.07.7 2007/08 0.4
16.8 16.90.72.23.52.27.7 2008/09 1.5
18.5 17.10.84.33.22.47.8 2009/10 1.8
17.0 17.20.73.03.72.18.0 2010/11 2.3
18.8 18.11.44.03.52.47.7 2011/12 2.5
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
15.0 4.42.810.90.06.42.3 2003/04 0.4
20.5 5.23.514.60.07.42.8 2004/05 1.1
15.8 6.24.49.50.06.52.4 2005/06 1.3
22.5 6.74.815.30.08.02.8 2006/07 1.8
22.0 6.84.914.80.06.53.4 2007/08 2.2
15.5 6.44.510.30.06.22.5 2008/09 1.0
23.3 6.95.016.50.08.52.8 2009/10 0.9
23.8 7.35.316.00.06.33.8 2010/11 1.3
22.0 7.75.614.00.06.13.6 2011/12 1.6
Brazil
42.0 36.330.54.40.43.412.4 2003/04 7.9
35.0 38.532.10.70.53.011.6 2004/05 4.2
41.7 39.533.04.51.13.212.9 2005/06 3.0
51.0 41.034.510.81.43.614.0 2006/07 3.6
58.6 42.536.07.80.74.014.7 2007/08 12.6
51.0 45.538.57.11.13.614.1 2008/09 12.1
56.1 47.040.011.60.44.312.9 2009/10 10.0
57.5 49.542.59.00.84.213.8 2010/11 9.8
62.0 52.045.010.00.54.115.3 2011/12 10.3
China
115.8 128.497.07.60.04.824.1 2003/04 44.9
130.3 131.098.07.60.05.125.4 2004/05 36.6
139.4 137.0101.03.70.15.326.4 2005/06 35.3
151.6 145.0104.05.30.05.328.5 2006/07 36.6
152.3 150.0106.00.50.05.229.5 2007/08 38.4
165.9 153.0108.00.20.05.629.9 2008/09 51.2
164.0 165.0118.00.21.35.331.2 2009/10 51.3
177.2 176.0124.00.11.05.532.5 2010/11 53.4
191.8 191.0134.00.24.05.733.4 2011/12 58.0
South Africa
9.7 8.74.10.70.22.93.3 2003/04 3.0
11.7 9.75.02.10.43.63.2 2004/05 3.2
6.9 8.24.00.50.93.42.0 2005/06 2.3
7.3 8.64.40.51.12.52.9 2006/07 1.7
13.2 9.64.32.20.04.03.3 2007/08 3.1
12.6 9.94.31.70.04.32.9 2008/09 4.1
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Corn Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters (Continued)
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
13.4 10.34.62.10.04.13.3 2009/10 5.2
10.9 10.54.82.40.33.82.9 2010/11 3.5
12.0 10.64.92.00.03.83.2 2011/12 2.9
Total Corn Competitors
182.5 177.8134.423.70.64.342.1 2003/04 56.1
197.5 184.4138.625.00.94.643.0 2004/05 45.1
203.8 190.9142.418.32.14.743.7 2005/06 41.8
232.4 201.3147.731.92.64.848.2 2006/07 43.6
246.1 208.9151.225.30.84.850.9 2007/08 56.3
245.0 214.8155.319.31.25.049.4 2008/09 68.4
256.8 229.2167.630.31.75.150.1 2009/10 67.3
269.4 243.3176.627.52.15.153.0 2010/11 68.0
287.8 261.3189.526.24.55.255.5 2011/12 72.8
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Barley Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Australia
10.4 3.12.26.40.02.34.5 2003/04 1.9
7.7 3.52.54.30.01.74.6 2004/05 1.9
9.5 3.52.55.30.02.24.4 2005/06 2.6
4.3 4.02.91.90.01.04.2 2006/07 1.0
7.2 3.12.13.40.01.54.9 2007/08 1.7
8.0 4.02.93.20.01.65.0 2008/09 2.4
7.9 4.53.33.90.01.84.4 2009/10 1.9
8.1 4.33.04.70.02.23.7 2010/11 1.1
8.5 4.33.04.00.02.14.0 2011/12 1.3
Canada
12.2 9.78.41.80.02.84.4 2003/04 2.1
12.6 10.18.81.20.13.33.8 2004/05 3.4
11.7 9.68.42.30.03.23.6 2005/06 3.3
9.6 10.28.81.20.03.03.2 2006/07 1.5
11.0 7.96.63.00.12.74.0 2007/08 1.6
11.8 9.17.71.50.03.43.5 2008/09 2.8
9.5 8.57.31.30.03.32.9 2009/10 2.6
7.6 7.66.41.20.03.22.4 2010/11 1.4
7.8 7.36.21.00.13.32.4 2011/12 1.0
EU-27
55.8 58.041.82.60.74.014.1 2003/04 4.5
64.1 54.638.63.30.34.713.7 2004/05 11.1
54.8 54.138.23.30.14.013.8 2005/06 8.5
56.2 55.738.73.50.24.113.8 2006/07 5.8
57.5 54.238.73.80.34.213.8 2007/08 5.7
65.5 57.041.53.60.34.514.5 2008/09 10.9
62.1 56.541.51.10.14.513.9 2009/10 15.5
53.0 56.441.24.90.24.212.5 2010/11 7.5
52.3 52.037.02.80.44.312.1 2011/12 5.3
March 2012
Million Metric Tons/Hectares
Sorghum Supply and Disappearance: Selected Exporters
Area
Harvested
Ending
Stocks
Total
Consumpti
Feed and
Residual
MY ExportsMY
Imports
ProductionYieldCountry Mktg Year
Argentina
2.2 2.01.90.20.04.60.5 2003/04 0.4
2.9 2.62.40.40.05.20.6 2004/05 0.4
2.3 2.32.10.20.04.70.5 2005/06 0.2
2.8 1.71.51.10.04.70.6 2006/07 0.2
2.9 1.21.01.20.04.70.6 2007/08 0.7
1.7 1.11.01.10.03.70.5 2008/09 0.2
3.6 1.91.71.80.04.80.8 2009/10 0.2
4.4 2.22.01.80.04.41.0 2010/11 0.6
4.2 2.32.12.00.04.11.0 2011/12 0.5
Australia
2.0 1.41.40.60.02.70.7 2003/04 0.1
2.0 1.81.80.20.02.70.8 2004/05 0.1
1.9 1.91.90.10.02.50.8 2005/06 0.0
1.3 1.21.20.10.02.10.6 2006/07 0.0
3.8 2.22.20.80.04.00.9 2007/08 0.8
2.7 1.81.81.00.03.50.8 2008/09 0.7
1.5 1.21.20.30.03.00.5 2009/10 0.7
2.1 1.41.40.80.03.10.7 2010/11 0.5
2.7 1.41.41.20.04.10.6 2011/12 0.6
March 2012
U.S. Grains Supply and Distribution: Wheat, Corn, Sorghum, Barley, Oats, Rye, and Rice
Thousand Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Production
Production Imports TY Imports Exports TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumption
Domestic
Consumption
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
26,55230,9784,07824,17223,9303,2353,22760,366nr320,191 2009/10
23,46630,7103,58935,97735,0762,5712,63860,062nr319,271 2010/11
22,45331,4773,94726,50027,2163,2003,26754,413nr318,496 2011/12
Corn
43,380281,590130,17349,72150,295237212332,549nr1032,169 2009/10
28,644285,005121,73745,25446,599684703316,165nr1032,960 2010/11
20,348279,540116,84543,50043,182500508313,918nr933,986 2011/12
Sorghum
1,0485,8593,5734,0744,211009,728nr42,234 2009/10
6975,3123,1523,7943,819118,779nr51,948 2010/11
6833,9371,6511,6501,524005,447nr31,590 2011/12
Barley
2,5154,6041,0401521233023614,949nr41,260 2009/10
1,9454,5371,0841811651482073,925nr4998 2010/11
9834,3548712002182002183,392nr4906 2011/12
Oats
1,1663,0111,93038311,6071,6361,351nr2558 2009/10
9822,7891,71537411,4681,4681,178nr2511 2010/11
9042,7081,60545441,7001,895779nr2380 2011/12
Rye
242733742129108178nr2102 2009/10
203309334148141189nr2107 2010/11
233056955150152161nr298 2011/12
Rice, Milled
1,1844,016nr3,8683,5145626047,1339,97281,256 2009/10
1,5144,358nr3,2133,4876205827,59311,02781,463 2010/11
1,2853,912nr3,0002,8266756355,8748,39181,059 2011/12
Notes: Wheat Trade Year (TY) statistics are on July/June years. Barley, corn, sorghum, rye and oats Trade Year (TY) statistics
are on Oct/Sept years. Rice Trade Year (TY) statistics are for the subsequent calendar year; 'Imports' and 'Exports' columns
contain data on the local marketing year: wheat, barley, oats and rye are June/May; corn and sorghum are Sept/Aug; rice is
Aug/July.
March 2012
Total Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat and Coarse Grains
1,248.0 332.11,197.1593.4189.62.2576.9 1982/83
1,162.5 278.51,216.1588.4193.22.1563.8 1983/84
1,315.0 340.01,253.5609.9203.62.3567.0 1984/85
1,328.5 420.61,247.9613.1165.22.3570.9 1985/86
1,348.0 469.21,299.4644.2174.72.4565.6 1986/87
1,285.9 423.11,329.8655.1202.22.4544.8 1987/88
1,218.1 339.31,302.0618.2203.32.2542.4 1988/89
1,327.4 320.51,346.2642.9208.92.4548.9 1989/90
1,417.6 368.71,369.5667.3190.12.6549.0 1990/91
1,355.7 359.51,364.9650.1207.52.5546.3 1991/92
1,431.6 399.21,389.1661.4205.22.6548.8 1992/93
1,356.1 366.11,389.2654.0188.22.5539.2 1993/94
1,392.5 362.61,396.0666.9200.12.6537.6 1994/95
1,338.5 319.11,381.9638.0187.52.5533.4 1995/96
1,490.5 366.71,442.9670.9198.42.7552.8 1996/97
1,491.6 413.61,444.7681.2190.32.8539.5 1997/98
1,481.9 447.51,448.1680.7198.72.8533.9 1998/99
1,464.9 443.81,468.0685.8214.32.8515.0 1999/00
1,446.7 420.41,470.1693.9205.12.8513.9 2000/01
1,480.2 404.91,495.6708.1208.52.9516.3 2001/02
1,443.2 342.11,506.0705.9209.62.8506.6 2002/03
1,471.6 279.21,534.4712.3206.22.9516.0 2003/04
1,642.4 335.71,585.9751.6215.23.2517.7 2004/05
1,599.2 318.71,616.3751.6222.83.1520.6 2005/06
1,584.9 273.91,629.7741.7230.43.1518.4 2006/07
1,692.7 291.11,675.5754.9245.33.2536.8 2007/08
1,793.9 361.41,723.6765.2253.63.3538.8 2008/09
1,801.0 397.81,764.7769.9253.43.3538.2 2009/10
1,751.1 365.81,783.1760.2248.23.3533.2 2010/11
1,837.7 367.51,836.0795.7263.13.4537.7 2011/12
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the
present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
March 2012
World Wheat and Coarse Grains: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Wheat
533.1 137.1531.3103.7103.92.4226.3 1989/90
588.8 171.6554.3130.1101.32.5231.7 1990/91
543.5 163.2551.8113.8111.42.4223.4 1991/92
562.6 177.9547.7110.1113.22.5222.8 1992/93
558.5 183.4553.0108.0101.72.5221.8 1993/94
523.0 164.2542.199.6101.52.4214.5 1994/95
537.5 155.7546.193.399.22.5219.1 1995/96
581.5 163.8573.497.9104.02.5230.3 1996/97
610.2 197.2576.7102.0104.52.7228.5 1997/98
590.4 209.4578.3105.0102.02.6225.4 1998/99
586.8 210.7585.5100.6111.92.7216.0 1999/00
583.1 208.4585.4105.2102.42.7217.6 2000/01
583.6 205.3586.6106.9108.02.7215.4 2001/02
569.6 170.1604.9111.1106.82.6215.0 2002/03
555.4 135.9589.697.2103.62.6210.0 2003/04
626.7 155.5607.1106.6113.92.9217.2 2004/05
618.8 152.4621.9112.8114.12.8219.5 2005/06
596.1 132.6615.9107.9115.62.8212.9 2006/07
612.0 126.9617.799.3116.42.8218.1 2007/08
682.8 167.1642.7118.1143.03.0225.3 2008/09
685.6 202.3650.3115.4134.43.0227.7 2009/10
651.5 199.5654.4112.4132.32.9223.2 2010/11
694.0 209.6683.9131.1141.83.1222.8 2011/12
Coarse Grains
794.3 183.4814.9539.2105.02.5322.5 1989/90
828.8 197.1815.2537.388.92.6317.2 1990/91
812.2 196.3813.1536.296.22.5322.9 1991/92
868.9 221.3841.4551.391.92.7326.0 1992/93
797.6 182.7836.2546.186.52.5317.4 1993/94
869.4 198.3853.8567.498.62.7323.1 1994/95
800.9 163.4835.8544.788.32.5314.4 1995/96
909.1 203.0869.5573.094.42.8322.5 1996/97
881.4 216.4867.9579.285.82.8311.0 1997/98
891.5 238.1869.7575.796.72.9308.6 1998/99
878.1 233.1882.6585.2102.42.9299.0 1999/00
863.7 212.0884.8588.8102.72.9296.2 2000/01
896.6 199.6909.0601.3100.53.0300.9 2001/02
873.6 172.0901.1594.8102.83.0291.6 2002/03
916.2 143.3944.9615.1102.63.0306.0 2003/04
1,015.7 180.2978.8645.0101.33.4300.5 2004/05
980.4 166.3994.4638.7108.63.3301.1 2005/06
988.8 141.31,013.8633.8114.73.2305.5 2006/07
1,080.7 164.21,057.8655.6128.93.4318.7 2007/08
1,111.1 194.41,080.9647.1110.73.5313.5 2008/09
1,115.4 195.41,114.4654.6119.03.6310.5 2009/10
1,099.6 166.31,128.8647.8115.93.5310.0 2010/11
1,143.7 157.91,152.0664.7121.43.6314.9 2011/12
Notes: Wheat and coarse grains trade data are on July June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the
present, coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
March 2012
World Corn and Barley: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Production TY Exports Feed Dom.
Consumpti
Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Corn
461.7 132.9474.1324.874.53.6127.3 1989/90
482.0 141.4473.4318.558.83.7129.2 1990/91
493.0 141.0493.3334.463.03.7132.6 1991/92
535.6 162.7512.1348.762.64.0133.2 1992/93
475.8 129.4509.0342.057.43.6130.7 1993/94
559.3 153.2535.6371.571.94.1135.2 1994/95
516.4 133.0536.6365.164.83.8135.0 1995/96
593.0 165.8560.1387.766.74.2141.7 1996/97
574.4 166.4573.8400.463.14.2136.3 1997/98
606.0 191.0581.5404.368.74.4139.2 1998/99
608.1 193.8605.3422.472.34.4139.1 1999/00
591.4 175.1610.1427.275.94.3137.3 2000/01
601.0 151.4624.8436.172.84.4137.7 2001/02
603.2 127.0627.5432.977.04.4137.4 2002/03
627.5 105.4649.2445.579.14.4142.0 2003/04
715.8 131.9689.3475.476.04.9145.5 2004/05
699.7 124.9706.7477.682.74.8145.7 2005/06
714.0 110.2728.7477.891.54.8149.9 2006/07
794.7 131.6773.3497.598.34.9161.2 2007/08
799.2 147.5783.2480.384.05.0158.8 2008/09
819.2 144.2822.6488.593.05.2157.7 2009/10
829.2 129.1844.4495.191.65.1163.4 2010/11
865.0 124.5869.5512.296.35.1169.3 2011/12
Barley
166.2 27.5170.4126.018.52.373.7 1989/90
179.5 31.5175.5130.819.62.573.0 1990/91
169.9 34.9166.5120.319.42.276.6 1991/92
166.3 35.0165.6119.016.42.373.1 1992/93
169.0 34.9169.1123.818.82.373.8 1993/94
160.7 30.0165.6120.915.32.272.8 1994/95
141.2 20.5150.7107.813.42.168.6 1995/96
153.1 24.1149.5106.317.92.365.5 1996/97
153.9 32.2145.8104.112.82.464.5 1997/98
136.0 29.0139.399.517.82.260.8 1998/99
127.4 23.9132.594.017.82.354.5 1999/00
133.1 22.6134.494.616.22.553.9 2000/01
143.5 29.3136.895.517.22.556.3 2001/02
134.3 27.5136.195.016.32.455.8 2002/03
142.3 23.4146.4102.814.82.459.4 2003/04
152.3 33.0142.6100.217.02.658.2 2004/05
136.3 28.1141.297.517.52.456.2 2005/06
137.0 21.4143.798.414.62.457.1 2006/07
133.2 20.4134.291.418.62.357.5 2007/08
155.1 31.4144.2100.218.22.855.8 2008/09
150.8 37.5144.7100.717.32.755.8 2009/10
122.7 24.3135.891.115.22.450.3 2010/11
134.0 22.2136.291.917.42.750.1 2011/12
Notes: Coarse grains trade data are on July June years through 1975/76. From 1976/77 to the present,
coarse grains data are on an Oct/Sept trade year.
March 2012
World Rice: Supply and Demand
Millions of Metric Tons/Hectares
Area
Harvested
Yield Rough
Production
Production TY Exports Domestic
Consumpti
Ending
Stocks
Rice, Milled
418.2 56.8278.711.2285.03.0140.5 1982/83
450.9 69.3294.411.9306.93.1144.6 1983/84
464.9 87.7298.411.0316.83.2144.1 1984/85
467.3 97.7308.011.8318.03.2144.7 1985/86
464.6 103.3310.412.9316.13.2144.8 1986/87
464.8 105.3313.111.4315.13.3141.4 1987/88
490.8 111.7325.714.0332.13.3146.6 1988/89
510.3 120.6336.311.7345.23.5147.8 1989/90
519.4 126.7345.312.3351.43.5147.0 1990/91
522.8 126.7353.214.4353.23.5147.5 1991/92
524.2 123.2357.514.9354.03.6146.5 1992/93
526.1 119.0358.916.6354.73.6145.3 1993/94
539.9 117.6365.520.8364.13.7147.4 1994/95
547.3 118.1368.319.7368.83.7148.4 1995/96
565.3 120.3379.218.9381.43.8150.1 1996/97
575.2 127.7380.027.6387.43.8151.7 1997/98
587.0 134.0388.624.8394.93.8153.1 1998/99
608.8 143.1400.222.8409.33.9155.9 1999/00
594.3 146.7395.824.4399.43.9152.5 2000/01
594.7 132.9413.527.8399.73.9151.4 2001/02
563.5 102.9408.427.5378.43.8146.9 2002/03
585.4 81.5413.927.3392.53.9149.3 2003/04
597.0 74.0408.729.0401.23.9151.8 2004/05
622.9 76.6415.629.1418.24.0153.8 2005/06
626.2 75.1422.331.9420.84.1154.5 2006/07
644.8 80.0429.529.8434.44.2155.2 2007/08
669.1 91.6438.029.3449.64.2157.8 2008/09
659.4 94.2440.131.8442.74.2156.0 2009/10
676.5 97.8449.635.1453.24.3157.2 2010/11
694.1 100.3462.932.7465.44.3160.2 2011/12
Notes: Stocks, exports and consumption are expressed on a milled basis in marketing years.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
53
ENDNOTES TO GRAIN: WORLD MARKETS AND TRADE REGIONAL TABLES North America: Canada, Mexico, the United States. Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama. Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands of the U.S. South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela. EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland. Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa. East Asia: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan. South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives. Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea.
March 2012
Grain: World Markets and Trade, March 2012
54
OTHER NOTES Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period following the main harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2008/09 starts in 2008); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the LMY (2008/09 starts in 2009). Key exporter LMY’s are:
Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum Argentina (Dec/Nov) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Nov/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb) Canada (Aug/Jul) China (Oct/Sep) EU-27 (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug) China (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Russia (Jul/Jun) EU-27 (Jul/Jun) United States (Sep/Aug) Ukraine (Jul/Jun) India (Apr/Mar) United States (Jun/May) Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun) Russia(Jul/Jun) Turkey (Jun/May) Ukraine (Jul/Jun) United States (Jun/May)
For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website (http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/psdAvailability.aspx). Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time. Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however, reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only. Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year. EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent EU-27 and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through 1998/99, figures are the EU-15 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-15 member states' data for grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10, plus Bulgaria and Romania, exists only prior to 1999/00. Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled
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equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains. Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and trade to countries outside the USDA database. The Field Crops and Livestock Branch, Industry and Sector Analysis Division, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, Washington DC 20250, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) 720-6590. Note: The previous report in this series was the Grain: World Markets and Trade Foreign Agricultural Service Circular FG 02-12 February 2012. For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production Foreign Agricultural Service Circular WAP 03-12 March 2012. This circular is available in its entirety on the World Wide Web via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page. The address is: http://www.fas.usda.gov
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