Use of pesticides and residues in wine
Use of pesticides and residues in wine
Patrizia Restani
SCRAISIN - March 2009
Patrizia Restani
SCRAISIN - March 2009
Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR)
(Question N° EFSA-Q-2006-160)Adopted on 15 April 2008
Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR)
(Question N° EFSA-Q-2006-160)Adopted on 15 April 2008
The combined toxicity of two or more compounds can take three possible forms: dose-addition, response-addition, or interaction. However, having considered the evidence on the different forms of combined toxicity and their potential relevance to risk assessment for pesticide residues at the levels occurring in food, the PPR Panel limited this opinion to the possible impact of dose addition.
In particular, the PPR Panel noted that although toxic interactions from pesticide residues in food cannot be ruled out, there is no empirical evidence for their occurrence at the expected levels of exposure from pesticide residues in food.
The combined toxicity of two or more compounds can take three possible forms: dose-addition, response-addition, or interaction. However, having considered the evidence on the different forms of combined toxicity and their potential relevance to risk assessment for pesticide residues at the levels occurring in food, the PPR Panel limited this opinion to the possible impact of dose addition.
In particular, the PPR Panel noted that although toxic interactions from pesticide residues in food cannot be ruled out, there is no empirical evidence for their occurrence at the expected levels of exposure from pesticide residues in food.
MRLsMRLs
Maximum Residue Levels reflect levels of pesticides that could occur in products, which are treated in accordance with Good Agricultural Practices
Maximum Residue Levels reflect levels of pesticides that could occur in products, which are treated in accordance with Good Agricultural Practices
RfD Definition
NOAELRfD= -------------
UFwhereNOAEL is No observed adverse effect levelUF is uncertainty
Espressed as mg/kg body weight
Acute RfDAcute RfD
An estimate of a daily oral exposure for an acute duration (24 hours or less) to the human population (including susceptible subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse health effects over a lifetime
An estimate of a daily oral exposure for an acute duration (24 hours or less) to the human population (including susceptible subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of adverse health effects over a lifetime
Acceptable Daily Intake
NOEL or NOAELADI = ------------------------
SFNO(A)EL = the highest dose without (adverse) effect in laboratory animalsEspressed as mg/kg body weight
SF = safety factor (10-1000)
MRL and European UnionMRL and European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfmhttp://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm
MRL and European UnionMRL and European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfmhttp://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm
MRL and European UnionMRL and European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfmhttp://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm
MRL and European UnionMRL and European Union
http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfmhttp://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm
Pesticide residues CommitteeFirst quarter 2008: grape
Pesticide residues CommitteeFirst quarter 2008: grape
PRC Conclusions (211 pesticides researched):None of the residues detected would be expected to have an effect on health.Published 25 September 2008 by http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/prc_home.asp
Pesticide residues CommitteeFirst quarter 2008: wine
Pesticide residues CommitteeFirst quarter 2008: wine
Published 25 September 2008 by http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/prc_home.asp
Searched 237 pestidicesScreening risk assessments were done for all residues found. None of residuesfound gave acute intakes the ARfD or ADI . Combined risk Assessment: None required.
International Estimated Daily Intake
IEDI = Σ (Residues in each vegetable x average consumption)
Values expressed as mg/kg b.w.
Problems:1.Different diets in geographical area (EFSA 26 diets for chronic intake, 18 for acute intake)2.Groups of consumers (newborn, children and adults)