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Holt Biology 1 Biology and You

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Biology and You

Circle the term that best completes each sentence.

1. (Homeostasis, Heredity, or Skepticism) is a questioning attitude.

2. (Hypothesis, Metabolism, or Homeostasis) is a possible explanation that can

be tested by experimenting.

3. A (theory, variable, or guess) explains a wide range of observations.

4. When you make notes about objects or events by using your senses, you are

making (theories, observations, or cells).

5. A (cell, variable, or hypothesis) is the smallest unit able to have life.

6. The sum of all chemical reactions that happen in an organism is called (theory,

metabolism, or homeostasis).

7. (Variable, SI, or Heredity) is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

8. The change in inherited characteristics of organisms over generations is known

as (observations, evolution, or cell).

Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

biology experiment reproduction

control group homeostasis SI

9. The act of testing a hypothesis is called a(n) _______________________.

10. No experimental treatment is done to the _______________________

_______________________during an experiment.

11. Scientists worldwide use _______________________ to measure.

12. The study of living things is called _______________________.

13. Keeping a stable internal environment is called _______________________.

14. When organisms produce more of their own kind, it is called

_______________________.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 5 Applications of Biology

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Applications of Biology


1. A way to prevent a disease is to give (genetics, biometrics, or vaccinations).

2. The study of data to determine identity of an individual is called

(ecology, biometrics, or genetics).

3. (Genetic engineering, Ecology, or Biometrics) is used to modify a cell’s genes

for industrial use.

4. All of the genes in your body make up your (ecology, genome, or vaccination).

5. The study of how an organism is affected by its surroundings is known as

(epidemiology, biometrics, or environmental science).

Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 6. genetics

_____ 7. ecology

_____ 8. epidemiology

_____ 9. environmental science


biometrics genetics genome

10. The way traits are passed from parents to offspring is the subject of

_______________________.

11. Fingerprinting and iris scans provide information that is analyzed through

_______________________.

12. All the hereditary information about one kind of organism is called its

_______________________.

a. studies interactions between two organisms

b. study of heredity

c. studies the air, water, and land around organisms

d. science that helps prevent outbreaks of disease

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 6 Applications of Biology

Vocabulary Review continued


ecology epidemiology vaccination

13. A way to make someone immune to a disease is to give a

_______________________.

14. The study of the relationships between organisms is called

_______________________.

15. The study of the spread of disease is called _______________________.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 9 Chemistry of Life

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Chemistry of Life Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. ion

_____ 2. atom

_____ 3. compound

_____ 4. molecule


_____ 5. cohesion

_____ 6. adhesion

_____ 7. buffer

_____ 8. solution


_____ 9. ATP

_____ 10. carbohydrate

_____ 11. protein

_____ 12. lipid

_____ 13. amino acid

_____ 14. nucleic acid

a. smallest unit of matter that cannot be

broken down by chemical means

b. group of atoms held together by

covalent bonds

c. atom or group of atoms that has lost or

gained one or more electrons

d. substance made of the joined atoms of

two or more different elements

a. attraction between particles of different

substances

b. one substance evenly distributed in

another

c. attraction between particles of the same

substance

d. prevents pH changes

a. long chain of amino acids

b. biomolecule that repels water

c. nucleotide that carries energy

d. organic compound made up of carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen; used by living

things as an energy source

e. contains chains of nucleotides

f. building block of a protein

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 10 Chemistry of Life



_____ 15. energy

_____ 16. substrate

_____ 17. active site

_____ 18. enzyme


_____ 19. reactant

_____ 20. DNA

_____ 21. RNA

_____ 22. product

_____ 23. nucleotide


_____ 24. acid

_____ 25. base

_____ 26. pH

_____ 27. valence electrons

_____ 28. element

_____ 29. activation energy

a. substance on which an enzyme works

b. ability to move or change matter

c. location on an enzyme that binds to a

substrate

d. substance that speeds up a biochemical

reaction

a. nucleic acid that contains genetic

information

b. substance that forms in a chemical reaction

c. nucleic acid that plays a role in protein

synthesis

d. substance that is changed in a chemical

reaction

e. contains a sugar, base, and phosphate

group

a. measure of how acidic or basic a solution

is

b. compound that forms extra hydronium

ions when dissolved in water

c. compound that forms extra hydroxide

ions when dissolved in water

d. substance made of atoms that have the

same number of protons

e. energy needed to start a chemical

reaction

f. are found in the outermost shell of an

atom

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 15 Ecosystems

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Ecosystems


biodiversity community habitat

climate ecosystem succession

1. The number of species living within an ecosystem is its

__________________.

2. The place where a particular population of a species lives is called its

_______________________.

3. A(n) _______________________ is a community and all the physical parts of

its habitat, such as the soil, water, and weather.

4. The average weather conditions over a long period of time is an area’s

_______________________.

5. A regular progression of species replacement is called __________________.

6. All the living things that interact together in an area is a(n)

_______________________.


carbon cycle nitrogen cycle phosphorus cycle respiration

7. Oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere in the

process of ___________________.

8. Nitrogen is made available for use by living things in the

___________________ ___________________.

9. Photosynthesis, respiration, and combustion are parts of the _______________

___________________.

10. An animal eating plants is an important part of the ___________________

___________________.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 16 Ecosystems



biome decomposer producer

consumer energy pyramid trophic level

11. A(n) _______________________ is determined by climate and latitude.

12. An organism in a community that captures energy from the sun is a

_______________________.

13. An organism that eats plants and animals is a(n) _______________________.

14. A level in a diagram based on an organism’s source of energy is called a(n)

______________________ ______________________.

15. A triangular diagram that shows the amount of available energy at each level

is a(n) _______________________ ______________________.

16. A(n) _______________________ is an organism that breaks down dead

bodies and organic waste.

In the space provided, write T if the statement is true or F if it is false.

_____ 17. Organisms in an ecosystem that first gain (capture) energy are called

decomposers.

_____ 18. A triangular shaped model that uses blocks to represent the amount of energy in each trophic level is called an energy pyramid.

_____ 19. The process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia is part of

the phosphorus cycle.

_____ 20. Organisms that get energy by consuming plants or other organisms are called consumers.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 21 Populations and Communities

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Populations and Communities


_____ 1. population

_____ 2. carrying capacity

_____ 3. predation

_____ 4. coevolution

_____ 5. parasitism

_____ 6. symbiosis


_____ 7. mutualism

_____ 8. commensalism

_____ 9. niche

_____ 10. fundamental niche

_____ 11. realized niche

_____ 12. competitive exclusion

a. the largest population that an environment can

support at any given time

b. when one species evolves in response to

another species

c. two or more species living together in a close,

long-term relationship

d. one organism feeds on and usually lives on or

in another larger organism

e. a group of organisms of the same species that

live in the same area and interbreed

f. the act of one organism feeding on another

a. a relationship in which both participating

species benefit

b. the entire range of conditions an organism is

potentially able to occupy

c. the role of a species in an ecosystem

d. the elimination of a competing species

e. the part of its fundamental niche that a

species occupies

f. a relationship in which one species benefits

and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 22 Populations and Communities


In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best completes each

statement.

_____ 13. The largest ecological niche where an organism or species can possibly survive is its

a. habitat. b. fundamental niche. c. community.

_____ 14. A relationship between two species in which both species benefit is called

a. predation. b. parasitic. c. mutualism.

_____ 15. A single species in an ecosystem that affects the survival of many other species is called a

a. parasite species. b. keystone species. c. predator.


carrying capacity parasitism realized niche

competitive exclusion predation symbiosis

16. When a shark eats a seal, ______________________ is taking place.

17. Mutualism and commensalism are two types of ______________________.

18. In the face of competition, an organism may occupy only part of its

fundamental niche. That part is called its ______________________

______________________.

19. A characteristic of ______________________ is that these organisms often do

not kill their prey because they depend on the prey for food and place to live.

20. The maximum population number that the environment can support at one

time is called ______________________.

21. The principle of ______________________ states that when two species are

competing, the one that competes better will eliminate the other species.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 27 The Environment

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

The Environment Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

acid rain erosion

deforestation greenhouse effect

1. Wind and rain can wash away the soil in a process called

_______________________.

2. Precipitation that has an unusually high amount of sulfuric acid or nitric acid is

called _______________________ _______________________.

3. When greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere, it is known as the

_______________________ _______________________.

4. When trees are cut down for timber or farmland, _______________________

may result.


_____ 5. fossil fuel

_____ 6. biodiversity

_____ 7. recycling

_____ 8. ecotourism

In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes

each sentence or answers each question.

_____ 9. A gradual increase in the average temperatures on Earth is known as

a. the greenhouse effect.

b. the ozone hole.

c. global warming.

_____ 10. The death of every member of a species is called

a. extinction. b. endangerment. c. biodiversity.

a. the process of reusing things instead of using

more resources

b. a way to educate people about the environment

and support conservation

c. the variety of organisms in a given area

d. a nonrenewable energy source formed from the

remains of organisms

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 31 Cell Structure

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Cell Structure Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with letters of the terms being

described.

a. cell membrane c. nucleus

b. cytoplasm d. ribosome

_____ 1. barrier between the outside environment and the inside of a cell

_____ 2. cell structure on which proteins are made

_____ 3. structure that contains a cell’s DNA

_____ 4. includes the fluid and structures inside a cell


eukaryote organelle prokaryote

5. One of many structures that carry out specific activities in a cell is a(n)

_______________________.

6. A single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus is a(n)

_______________________.

7. An organism made of one or more cells that have a nucleus is a(n)

_______________________.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 32 Cell Structure


Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with letters of the terms being described.

a. chloroplast c. Golgi apparatus e. vacuole

b. endoplasmic reticulum d. mitochondrion f. vesicle

_____ 8. small sac formed by a membrane

_____ 9. membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell

_____ 10. sacs that package and distribute proteins

_____ 11. sac that stores water and may contain ions, nutrients, and wastes

_____ 12. organelle that uses light energy to make sugar

_____ 13. organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP


14. A long, threadlike structure that moves an organism is a (flagellum, vacuole,

or chloroplast).

15. A (vesicle, ribosome, or tissue) is a group of similar cells that have the same

function.

16. An (organ, organelle, or endoplasmic reticulum) is made of different tissues and

has a specific function.

17. A group of organs that work together make up an (organelle, organ system,

or observation).

18. A single-celled organism that lives connected to a group of identical organisms is

called a (colonial organism, ribosome, or Golgi apparatus).

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 37 Cells and Their Environment

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Cells and Their Environment


_____ 1. phospholipid

_____ 2. concentration gradient

_____ 3. equilibrium

_____ 4. diffusion


_____ 5. osmosis

_____ 6. lipid bilayer

_____ 7. carrier protein

_____ 8. sodium-potassium pump


_____ 9. signal

_____ 10. receptor protein

_____ 11. second messenger

a. difference in the concentration of a substance across a space

b. made of a phosphate “head” and two fatty acid “tails”

c. movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

d. concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

a. double layer of phospholipids that form the cell membrane

b. transports substances across a cell membrane

c. diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

d. carrier protein used in active transport

a. acts as a signal molecule within the cell

b. binds to a signal molecule, letting the cell respond to the signal molecule

c. produced by a signaling cell and detected by the target cell

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 41 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

In the space provided, match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. ATP

_____ 2. cellular respiration

_____ 3. pigment

_____ 4. photosynthesis

_____ 5. ATP synthase


Calvin cycle electron transport chain

chlorophyll thylakoid

6. ___________________________: The main pigment involved in

photosynthesis

7. ___________________________: Disc-shaped sacs inside chloroplasts where

the main reactions of photosynthesis take place

8. ___________________________: Excited electrons go down this series of

molecules on the inner membranes of some organelles, giving up their energy,

which gets used for ATP production.

9. ___________________________: The main way that photosynthesizing

organisms use carbon dioxide to make a sugar.

a. the process some organisms use to store energy from sunlight by making carbohydrates

b. substance with three phosphates that organisms use to temporarily store and then use energy

c. the process cells use to get energy from carbohydrates

d. an enzyme that helps cells make an “energy currency”

e. a substance that absorbs some colors of light and reflects other colors of light

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 42 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration



Aerobic fermentation Krebs cycle

anaerobic glycolysis

10. ___________________________: Describes a process that requires oxygen

11. ___________________________: Describes a process that does not require

oxygen

12. ___________________________: The process that breaks down glucose to

pyruvate and which produces a small amount of ATP

13. ___________________________: A series of chemical reactions that break

down pyruvate and produces electron carriers that enter an electron transport

chain

14. ___________________________: The process that recycles NAD+ without

the need for oxygen so that carbohydrates can continue to be broken down to

produce ATP

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 45 Cell Growth and Division

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Cell Growth and Division


sentence.

_____ 1. A segment of DNA that codes for RNA and protein is a

a. gene.

b. chromosome.

c. chromatid.

_____ 2. At the beginning of cell division, DNA and the proteins associated with

the DNA coil into a structure called a

a. gene.

b. chromatid.

c. centrosome.

_____ 3. The two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at a point called the a. centromere.

b. centrosome.

c. looped domain.


_____ 4. chromatin

_____ 5. nucleosome

_____ 6. histone

_____ 7. tumor

_____ 8. cancer


9. DNA is organized and packaged into structures called (genes, chromosomes,

or centrosomes).

10. In eukaryotic cells, (chromosomes, centrosomes, or centrioles) are the

structures that move to the opposite sides of the cell to help direct movement

of the chromatids during cell division.

a. a type of protein that aids the packing of DNA

b. a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth

c. material in a cell made of DNA and proteins

d. DNA molecule wrapped around a core of proteins

e. a mass of unhealthy cells that grow very quickly

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 46 Cell Growth and Division


11. During cell division, chromatids attach to the (chromatin, centromere, or

spindle), which pulls the chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.


each sentence.

_____ 12. The repeated sequence of growth and division during the life of a cell is

called

a. the cell cycle.

b. cytokinesis.

c. mitosis.

_____ 13. The first three phases of the cell cycle are called

a. anaphase.

b. mitosis.

c. interphase.

_____ 14. The process during which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei is called

a. the cell cycle.

b. mitosis.

c. cytokinesis.

_____ 15. The process during cell division in which the cytoplasm divides is called

a. cytokinesis.

b. interphase.

c. mitosis.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 51 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction


each sentence or best answers each question.

_____ 1. An organism’s reproductive cells, such as sperm, or egg cells are called

a. genes.

b. chromosomes.

c. gametes.

_____ 2. Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and have the same kinds

of genes are

a. diploid.

b. haploid.

c. homologous chromosomes.

_____ 3. When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes, it is said to be a. haploid.

b. binary.

c. diploid.

_____ 4. When a cell contains one set of chromosomes, it is said to be a. separated.

b. haploid.

c. diploid.

_____ 5. The cell that results from the fusion of gametes is called a(n)

a. autosome. b. zygote.

c. organism.

_____ 6. A female reproductive cell is called a(n)

a. ovum.

b. sperm.

c. sex chromosome.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 52 Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction




_____ 7. A male reproductive cell is called a(n) a. ovum.

b. sperm.

c. sex chromosome.

_____ 8. The repeated sequence of events in the life of an organism including

growth and development until maturity is called

a. a life cycle. b. cytokinesis.

c. binary fission.

_____ 9. Which occurs during prophase I in meiosis?

a. DNA replication

b. crossing-over

c. cytokinesis

_____ 10. The process during which a diploid cell divides twice to become four

haploid cells is called

a. fertilization.

b. metaphase.

c. meiosis.

_____ 11. The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes during meiosis is called

a. independent assortment.

b. fertilization.

c. variation.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 57 Mendel and Heredity

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Mendel and Heredity


_____ 1. character

_____ 2. hybrid

_____ 3. trait

a. a form of a character

b. an inherited physical feature

c. the offspring of a genetic cross between parents with contrasting

traits


_____ 4. recessive

_____ 5. generation

_____ 6. homozygous

_____ 7. allele

a. a version of a gene

b. group of offspring produced by a

given set of parents

c. having two identical alleles of a gene

d. allele is not expressed in presence

of corresponding dominant allele


_____ 8. genotype

_____ 9. phenotype

_____ 10. dominant

_____ 11. heterozygous

a. detectable expression of a gene

b. an expressed allele by itself

c. set of alleles an individual has

d. alleles of a particular gene are

different

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 58 Mendel and Heredity



genetic disorder pedigree probability Punnett square

12. ___________________________ diagram that predicts the outcomes of a

genetic cross

13. ___________________________ an inherited disease or condition

14. ___________________________ the likelihood that a specific event will

occur

15. ___________________________ a family history that shows how a trait is

inherited


codominance linked polygenic character

16. ___________________________ genes that are inherited together

17. ___________________________ when several genes influence a character

18. ___________________________ two alleles are fully expressed at the same

time

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 63 DNA, RNA, and Proteins

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

DNA, RNA, and Proteins


_____ 1. DNA replication

_____ 2. DNA helicase

_____ 3. DNA polymerase

a. enzyme that unwinds the DNA helix

b. catalyzes the formation of DNA

c. the process of making a copy of DNA


_____ 4. gene

_____ 5. nucleotide

_____ 6. DNA

a. subunit of DNA containing a

phosphate, sugar, and a base

b. has a double helix

c. segment of DNA that codes for a

trait


_____ 7. RNA

_____ 8. codon

_____ 9. gene expression

a. a three-nucleotide sequence in DNA

b. nucleic acid that plays an

important role in building

proteins

c. the process of gene activation to produce specific traits


transcription translation purine pyrimidine

10. ___________________________ making RNA from DNA

11. ___________________________ thymine and cytosine

12. ___________________________ making a protein from RNA

13. ___________________________ adenine and guanine

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 67 Genes in Action

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Genes in Action

Refer to the word bank to unscramble each term. Then fill in each blank provided.

exon mutation transcription factor

intron plasmid transposon

1. rrinacntsipot rfocta ________________________________________________

2. sanorpntso ______________________________________________________

3. smipdal _________________________________________________________

4. xeno____________________________________________________________

5. nrntoi ___________________________________________________________

6. utotianm_________________________________________________________


apoptosis exon intron

cell differentiation genome

_____________________ 7. cell specialization

_____________________ 8. non-coding section of DNA

_____________________ 9. all the DNA in a species

_____________________ 10. coding region of DNA

_____________________ 11. programmed cell death

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 68 Genes in Action



domain operon

nondisjunction polyploidy

12. noaidm_________________________________________________________

13. loyyoipdlp _____________________________________________________

14. roponeo ________________________________________________________

15. unonisnjnoctind__________________________________________________


domain operon

mutation polyploidy

_____________________ 16. adjacent and related gene unit

_____________________ 17. change in genetic material

_____________________ 18. multiple sets of chromosomes

_____________________ 19. functional unit in protein

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 71 Gene Technologies and Human Applications

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Gene Technologies and Human Applications


clone microarray restriction enzyme

genomics recombinant DNA stem cell

1. igosecnm ________________________________________________________

2. oceln ___________________________________________________________

3. smte lcle ________________________________________________________

4. brtnneacimo DAN _________________________________________________

5. rmrcaaroyi _______________________________________________________

6. ttiicrneosr meenyz _________________________________________________


DNA fingerprint genetic engineering restriction enzyme

electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction

_____________________ 7. a pattern of DNA banding that is unique

_____________________ 8. uses an electrical field inside a gel to separate molecules by their size and charge

_____________________ 9. binds to specific short sequences of DNA and then

cuts the DNA

_____________________ 10. the process of manipulating genes for practical purposes

_____________________ 11. a technique for making many copies of DNA

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 72 Gene Technologies and Human Applications



bioinformatics genetic library

electrophoresis genome mapping

12. nboioimfratcis ___________________________________________________

13. ssierhpocretelo __________________________________________________

14. geonem npmpagi _________________________________________________

15. eegncit bilrray ___________________________________________________


clones DNA sequencing

DNA polymorphisms recombinant DNA

_____________________ 16. DNA from different sources that has been combined by genetic engineering

_____________________ 17. variations in DNA sequences

_____________________ 18. genetically identical organisms, cell, or pieces of genetic material

_____________________ 19. the process of determining the order of every

nucleotide in a DNA sequence

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 76 Evolutionary Theory

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Evolutionary Theory


each statement.

_____ 1. The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an

environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is

a. origin of species.

b. genetic principles. c. natural selection.

_____ 2. In biology, the formation of species is called

a. speciation.

b. adaptation.

c. artificial selection.

_____ 3. The process by which species change over time is called a. homologous.

b. evolution.

c. speciation.

_____ 4. The process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment is

a. speciation.

b. adaptation.

c. extinction.

_____ 5. Structures that share a common ancestry are a. not related.

b. homologous.

c. analogous.

_____ 6. Selection done by humans is

a. natural selection.

b. artificial selection.

c. adaptation.

_____ 7. Remnants of organisms living in the past are a. gradualism.

b. fossils.

c. adaptations.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 81 Population Genetics and Speciation

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Population Genetics and Speciation


genetic equilibrium population genetics subspecies

normal distribution reproductive isolation

1. tengice brilimuequi _______________________________________________

2. scubspesei ______________________________________________________

3. droptivecure tinosoila _____________________________________________

4. nopalopitu tengices _______________________________________________

5. lornam buittoindirs _______________________________________________


genetic equilibrium population genetics subspecies

normal distribution reproductive isolation

6. A population that is different from, but can interbreed with other populations

of the same species is called a ___________________________.

7. If you were to plot the height of everyone in your class on a graph, the values

would probably form a hill-shaped curve called a

___________________________ ___________________________.

8. The study of changes in the numbers and types of alleles in populations is

called ___________________________ ___________________________.

9. A population in which no genetic change is occurring is in a state of

___________________________ ___________________________.

10. A state in which two populations can no longer interbreed to produce future

offspring is called ___________________________

___________________________.

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________


Holt Biology 82 Population Genetics and Speciation




_____ 11. A normal distribution produces a graph with a a. hill-shaped curve.

b. a straight line.

c. a curve on one end.

_____ 12. A population that is in genetic equilibrium is no longer

a. growing.

b. breeding. c. changing.

_____ 13. Population genetics is the study of changes in the

a. biodiversity of an ecological community.

b. numbers and types of alleles in populations.

c. adaptive radiation of a species.

_____ 14. A subspecies is one that is different from another similar species, but the two species can still

a. interbreed.

b. compete.

c. look alike.

_____ 15. When two populations are no longer able to breed with one another or produce fertile offspring, they are in

a. genetic equilibrium.

b. reproductive isolation.

c. a normal distribution.

In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term.

_____ 16. genetic equilibrium

_____ 17. normal distribution

_____ 18. population genetics

_____ 19. reproductive isolation

_____ 20. subspecies

a. a species that has diverged from another

species, but can still interbreed with it

b. graph produces a hill-shaped curve

c. study of changes in population alleles

d. two populations can no longer

interbreed

e. the state of a population in which no genetic change occurs

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 85 Classification

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Classification


statement.

_____ 1. A method of analysis based on shared derived characters is

a. evolutionary systematics.

b. heredity.

c. cladistics.

_____ 2. The evolutionary history of a species is its

a. phylogeny.

b. kingdom.

c. heredity.

_____ 3. Similar species are combined into a(n) a. order.

b. genus.

c. family.

_____ 4. The science of naming and organizing organisms is a. evolution.

b. taxonomy.

c. kingdom.

_____ 5. The two-word system for naming organisms that was originated by

Linnaeus is

a. cladistics. b. evolutionary systematics.

c. binomial nomenclature.


_____ 6. archaea

_____ 7. bacteria

_____ 8. cladistics

_____ 9. eukaryote

_____10. taxonomy

a. cells have nucleus and other internal

compartments

b. the more modern way of using ancestry to group organisms

c. group of prokaryotes with strong exterior cell

walls and a unique genetic system

d. the science practiced by Linnaeus

e. group of prokaryotes that includes extremophiles

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 89 History of Life on Earth

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

History of Life on Earth


1. The theory that explains how chloroplasts and mitochondria got to be part of

cells is called (cyanobacteria, microsphere, endosymbiosis).

2. The period of time determined for the decay of radioactive elements used in

radiometric dating is the (half-life, era, Precambrian).

3. (Microspheres, Ribozymes, Cyanobacteria) are tiny hollow structures made of

short chains of amino acids and might have been the first step towards cellular

organization.

4. Describing a fossil as being older than the layer of rock above it is called

(fossil, relative, absolute) dating.


_____ 5. fossil record

_____ 6. geologic time scale

_____ 7. mass extinction

_____ 8. radiometric dating


cyanobacteria isotopes

eras ribozyme

9. Oxygen entered the atmosphere because of the _______________________.

10. A kind of RNA that can act like an enzyme is a(n) _______________________.

11. Radiometric dating uses unstable _______________________.

12. The geologic time scale is divided into large blocks of time called

_______________________.

a. the death of all members of many species

b. shows the different parts of Earth’s 4.5 billion years of history

c. made up of all the fossil evidence that has

been found so far

d. a way of finding the absolute age of a fossil

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 93 Bacteria and Viruses

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Bacteria and Viruses


each sentence or answers each question.

_____ 1. Which of the following is a protein-carbohydrate compound found in

bacterial cell walls?

a. peptidoglycan b. plasmid c. Gram-negative

_____ 2. A small extra loop of DNA is a a. pilus. b. chromosome. c. plasmid.

_____ 3. A bacterial structure that can survive environmental stress is a(n)

a. endospore. b. plasmid c. toxin.

_____ 4. Bacteria that stain pink with a Gram stain are

a. Gram-positive. b. Gram-negative. c. archaea.

_____ 5. A process in which two organisms exchange genetic material is called

a. conjugation. b. binary fission. c. transformation.

_____ 6. A process in which bacteria take up DNA from their environment is called

a. conjugation. b. transduction. c. transformation.

_____ 7. Bacteria that stain purple with Gram stain are

a. Gram-positive. b. Gram-negative c. archaea.

_____ 8. A process in which DNA is transferred from a virus to a bacterium is

called

a. binary fission. b. conjugation. c. transduction.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 94 Bacteria and Viruses



bacteriophages envelope lytic cycle

capsid lysogenic cycle

Pieces of nucleic acid contained in a protein coat are called viruses. The protein

coat, or (9) ___________________, may enclose RNA or DNA, but not both.

Many viruses have a membrane, or (10) ___________________, that gives the

virus a spherical shape and helps the virus enter a cell. Viruses that infect bacteria

are called (11) ___________________. Viruses cause damage when they replicate

inside cells many times. When the viruses break out, the cell is destroyed.

The cycle of infection, replication, and cell destruction is called the

(12) ___________________ ___________________. Sometimes, a virus becomes

part of the host DNA and remains in the host cell for a long period of time. This

process is called the (13) ___________________ ___________________.


antibiotics pathogens toxins

Koch’s postulates resistance

Diseases are caused by agents called (14) ___________________. The

four-step procedure that is used to identify these agents is known as

(15) ___________________. Bacteria cause disease in two ways. They destroy

body tissues, or they release poisonous (16) __________________. Bacteria that

cause disease can be killed or prevented from growing by the use of chemicals

called (17) ___________________. The overuse of these chemicals can cause

(18) ___________________, which allows the bacteria to tolerate them.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 99 Protists

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Protists


alternation of generations holdfast zygospore

gametes red tide zygote

1. A _______________________ is caused by a bloom of dinoflagellates.

2. Brown algae use a _______________________, a rootlike structure, to

prevent being washed away by waves.

3. Many protists reproduce sexually when two _______________________

combine to form a _______________________.

4 The process of reproduction in which two distinct forms that differ in method

of reproduction are produced is called _______________________.

5. A _______________________ can survive freezing, drying, and UV radiation.


6. A (pseudopod, plasmodium, flagellum) is a mass of cytoplasm with many

nuclei.

7. The side-by-side reproduction of two paramecia where nuclear material is

exchanged is (mitosis, conjugation, binary fission).

8. (Sporozoans, Flagellates, Amoeboids) are protists that have no means of

locomotion.

9. Paramecia use (a contractile vacuole, an oral groove, cilia) to remove excess

water from the cell.

10. Amoebas engulf food particles with their (pseudopodia, vacuoles, oral

grooves).

11. A (water mold, flagellate, sporozoan) caused the great potato blight in Ireland

in the 1800s.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 100 Protists


Questions 12–14 refer to the figures below, which show three single-celled

organisms. Circle the term that best completes each sentence.

12. Organism A moves using flexible extensions called (pseudopodia, flagella,

cilia).

13. Organism B moves by means of a (flagellum, tail, cilium).

14. Organism C moves by means of (cilia, pseudopodia, flagellum).

In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the

term.

_____15. blade

_____16. algal bloom

_____17. merozoite

_____18. sporozoite

_____19. test

_____20. sporophyte

a. first stage of malaria parasite that infects the liver

b. diploid phase of multicellular algae

c. overgrowth of protists in an aquatic environment

d. second stage of malarial parasite that infects

red blood cells

e. leaflike structure in kelp

f. outer shell of an amoeboid protist

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 105 Fungi

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Fungi Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. chitin

_____ 2. zygosporangium

_____ 3. rhizoid

_____ 4. mycorrhiza

_____ 5. lichen

_____ 6. hyphae


_____ 7. mycelium

_____ 8. dermatophyte

_____ 9. ascus

_____ 10. yeast

_____ 11. basidium

_____ 12. saprobe

a. aid in the transfer of minerals from the soil to a

plant

b. thick-walled sexual structure

c. the tough polysaccharide found in fungal cells

and the hard outer covering of insects

d. close living association (symbiosis) between a

fungus and a green alga

e. the hyphae that anchor a fungus to its source of

food

f. thin filaments that make up the body of a fungus

a. saclike structure in which haploid spores are

formed

b. tangled mass formed by hyphae

c. fungi that infect skin and hair

d. the common name given to unicellular fungi

e. club-shaped sexual reproductive structure

f. fungi that absorb nutrients from dead

organisms

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 106 Fungi


In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each sentence or answers each question.

_____ 13. The partial walls between some fungal cells are called

a. membranes.

b. septa. c. mycelia.

_____ 14. Fungi that do not have an observed sexual stage are grouped together as

a. imperfect fungi. b. asexual fungi.

c. parasitic fungi.

_____ 15. What is the fungal structure in which asexual spores are produced?

a. sporangium

b. ascus

c. basidium

_____ 16. A dikaryotic hypha has cells with

a. no nuclei.

b. one nucleus.

c. two nuclei.

_____ 17. The phylum of modern fungi that provide clues about the evolution of

kingdom Fungi is

a. Zygomycota. b. Chytridiomycota.

c. Ascomycota.

_____ 18. Ascomycetes produce asexual spores in specialized hyphae called

a. asci.

b. conidiophores.

c. an ascocarp.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 111 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Plant Diversity and Life Cycles


antheridium pollen grain sorus

archegonium pollination spore

____________________ 1. a structure that makes eggs

____________________ 2. a structure that makes sperm

____________________ 3. a group of sporangia on a fern frond

____________________ 4. contains a male gametophyte of a seed plant

____________________ 5. a reproductive cell or structure that is resistant to

environmental conditions

____________________ 6. the transfer of pollen grains from the male to the female reproductive structure


_____ 7. angiosperm

_____ 8. cotyledon

_____ 9. dicot

_____10. gymnosperm

_____11. monocot

_____12. seed


13. The female reproductive part of a flower is the (anther, pistil, or rhizome).

14. The (fruit, rhizome, or spore) is the horizontal underground stem of a fern.

15. The (petal, frond, or stamen) of a flower consists of an anther and a filament.

16. A structure in which spores form is called a (sporangium, frond, or fruit).

a. leaflike structure that is part of a plant embryo

b. a seed plant that produces seeds in fruit

c. flowering plant with seeds that have one seed leaf

d. a seed plant that produces cones instead of

fruit

e. made up of a plant embryo surround by a

protective coat

f. flowering plant with seeds that have two seed leaves

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 112 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles



cuticle frond fruit

17. The spore-bearing leaf of a fern is called a _______________________.

18. The _______________________ is a waxy layer that covers the nonwoody,

aboveground parts of most plants.

19. The seeds of angiosperms develop within a _______________________.


anther ovule sporophyte

gametophyte pollen grain

____________________ 20. a structure that carries a plant’s sperm

____________________ 21. the pollen-producing sac of a seed plant

____________________ 22. the stage in plant life cycles that produces spores

____________________ 23. the stage in plant life cycles that produces gametes

____________________ 24. a flower structure that contains an egg and becomes

a seed

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 117 Seed Plant Structure and Growth

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Seed Plant Structure and Growth Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. apical meristem

_____ 2. dermal tissue

_____ 3. ground tissue

_____ 4. lateral meristem

_____ 5. vascular tissue


blade petiole stoma

guard cell phloem xylem

______________________ 6. lets a plant exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

______________________ 7. the broad, flat part of a leaf

______________________ 8. one of a pair of cells that open and close each stoma

______________________ 9. tissue made of soft-walled cells that carry organic

nutrients

______________________ 10. tissue made of hard-walled cells that carry water and

mineral nutrients

______________________ 11. the stalk that attaches a leaf to the stem of a plant


_____ 12. heartwood

_____ 13. meristem

_____ 14. mesophyll

_____ 15. sapwood

a. makes up much of the inside of the nonwoody

parts of a plant

b. region that causes a plant to grow in width

c. conducts materials and provides support for a

plant

d. region that causes a plant to grow in length

e. forms the protective outer layer of a plant

a. lies outside the heartwood and has vessel cells that

can conduct water

b. the ground tissue in a leaf

c. area of actively dividing cells in a plant

d. the wood in the center of a mature stem or tree trunk

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 118 Seed Plant Structure and Growth



bundle pith secondary

germination primary

16. The ground tissue used for storage in the center of most plant stems is called

_______________________.

17. The roots and stems of a plant get longer through _______________________

growth.

18. A vascular _______________________ consists of both water-conducting tissues

and sugar-conducting tissues.

19. Woody stems and roots get wider because of _______________________ growth.

20. The process by which a plant embryo resumes growth is called

_______________________.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________

.Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

Holt Biology 121 Plant Processes

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Plant Processes


1. The loss of water vapor from a plant is called (perspiration, sweat, or

transpiration).

2. The condition of a seed or plant that is inactive is called

(dormancy, movement, or tropism).

3. The closing of a Venus’ flytrap is a (continuous, growth, or nastic)

movement.


_____ 4. gravitropism

_____ 5. photoperiodism

_____ 6. phototropism

_____ 7. thigmotropism


dependent independent tropism

8. The movement of a plant part in a nastic movement is

_______________________ of the direction of the stimulus.

9. The way a plant part moves because of a tropism is

_______________________ on the direction of the stimulus.

10. The upward growth of the shoot of a seedling is an example of a

_______________________.

a. causes a stem to wrap around a wire

b. growth of a plant part toward or away from

gravity

c. the response of plants to the length of days and nights

d. growth of a plant part toward or away from light

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 125 Introduction to Animals

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Introduction to Animals


amniotic egg gastrovascular cavity therapsid

cephalization notochord

1. dronchoot _____________________________________________________

2. shparited ______________________________________________________

3. zephianioctal ___________________________________________________

4. rostaguscavlar tavicy ____________________________________________

5. matoinic geg ___________________________________________________


endoskeleton heterotroph invertebrate

exoskeleton hydrostatic skeleton vertebrate

6. An animal that has a backbone is called a(n)

___________________________.

7. An animal that obtains food by eating other organisms or their byproducts is

called a(n) ___________________________.

8. A hard, external supporting structure for the bodies of some animals is called

a(n) ___________________________.

9. A fluid-filled cavity under pressure that gives support to soft-bodied animals is

called a(n) ___________________________.

10. An animal that does not have a backbone is a(n)

________________________.

11. A hard, internal supporting structure made of bone and cartilage is called a(n)

___________________________.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 126 Introduction to Animals



blastula cleavage gastrulation

In all animals except sponges, the fertilized egg immediately begins to divide. The

first series of cell divisions that occur are called (12) ______________________.

Further cell divisions result in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a

(13) ______________________. Then, the hollow ball of cells begins to fold in to

form a cup shape. This process is called (14) __________________________.


coelom deuterostomes protostome

The cup of cells continues to divide. The open side of the “cup” is called the

blastopore. An animal whose mouth develops near the blastopore, such as a snail,

an earthworm, or an insect, is called a(n) (15) ______________________. In other

animals, such as humans, the mouth develops from cells on the end opposite the

blastopore. These animals are called (16) ______________________. Some of

each of these types of animals develop a(n) (17) __________________________,

which contains and protects the internal organs.

In the space provided, write T if the statement is true or F if it is false.

_____18. An example of a deuterostome is an insect.

_____19. An example of a protostome is an earthworm.

_____20. An example of an animal with a coelom is a human.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 131 Simple Invertebrates

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Simple Invertebrates


_____ 1. spicules

_____ 2. spongin

_____ 3. choanocytes

_____ 4. amoebocytes


cnidocytes nematocyst polyp

medusa planula

5. _______________________ free-swimming larva of a cnidarian

6. _______________________ free-floating body form of a cnidarian

7. _______________________ stinging cells located on tentacles of cnidarians

8. _______________________ sessile body form of a cnidarian

9. _______________________ tiny barbed harpoon in a cnidocyte that is used to capture prey


nematocyst proglottid

planula pseudocoelom

10. gloptodirt ____________________________________________________

11. mattencosy ___________________________________________________

12. mousepocoled _________________________________________________

13. pullana _______________________________________________________

a. sponge cells that have irregular amoebalike

shapes

b. tiny needles of silica or calcium carbonate that form a sponge’s support structure

c. flagellated cells also known as collar cells

d. tough, flexible protein fibers found in sponges

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 132 Simple Invertebrates



amoebocyte proglottid

cnidocyte pseudocoelom

14. A cnidarian cell called a(n) ___________________________ contains a

nematocyst that can fire outward to capture prey.

15. A sponge cell called a(n) ___________________________ moves around in

the body wall to deliver nutrients to other cells.

16. A tapeworm body segment that contains a complete reproductive unit is called

a(n) ___________________________.

17. A body cavity between the mesoderm and the endoderm that is not a true

coelom is a(n) ___________________________.


each statement or best answers each question.

_____18. The cnidarian body form called a medusa

a. has tentacles pointing downward. b. always has its tentacle pointing upward.

c. is the body form of anemones and corals.

_____19. Which cnidarian structure reproduces asexually?

a. planula

b. medusa

c. polyp

_____20. The planula of a cnidarian

a. results from sexual reproduction.

b. is sessile.

c. attaches to the ocean bottom and becomes a medusa.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 137 Mollusks and Annelids

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Mollusks and Annelids


foot radula visceral mass

mantle trochophore

Mollusks and annelids were probably the first major groups of organisms to

develop a true coelom. Another feature shared by many mollusks and annelids

is a larval stage called a (1) _______________________ that develops

from the fertilized eggs. The body cavity in mollusks is a true coelom and

usually has bilateral symmetry. Organ systems of mollusks are inside the

(2) _______________________. A (3) _______________________ wraps

around the visceral mass. Every mollusk has a muscular region called a

(4) _______________________ that is used mostly for movement. Many

mollusks have one or two shells, which protect their soft bodies. All mollusks,

except bivalves, have a tonguelike organ called a (5) _______________________.


_____ 6. cerebral ganglion

_____ 7. siphons

_____ 8. setae

_____ 9. septum

a. external bristles

b. internal wall between segments

c. primitive brain of an annelid

d. hollow tubes used to carry water to and from gills

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 141 Arthropods and Echinoderms

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Arthropods and Echinoderms


appendages spiracle tracheae

cephalothorax thorax

____________________ 1. structures that extend from the body wall.

____________________ 2. the midbody region (wings grow from here)

____________________ 3. head connected with the thorax

____________________ 4. network of tubes for breathing

____________________ 5. air from outside the arthropod’s body passes

through this opening


chelicerae mandibles spinnerets

Malpighian tubules pedipalps

____________________ 6. waste removal system of arthropods

____________________ 7. appendages modified into pincers or fangs

____________________ 8. appendages modified to catch and handle prey and insert sperm into a female spider

____________________ 9. appendages that secrete (let out) strands of silk

____________________ 10. chewing mouthparts of subphylum Hexapoda

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 142 Arthropods and Echinoderms



_____11. molting

_____12. metamorphosis

_____13. chrysalis

_____14. pupa

_____15. caste

_____16. compound eye


_____17. ossicle

_____18. water-vascular system

_____19. tube foot

_____20. skin gill

a. the physical change of a young insect into an adult

b. stage in metamorphosis during which

a larva becomes an adult

c. a protective capsule

d. periodic shedding (getting rid of) the

exoskeleton

e. the role played by an individual in a

colony

f. made of thousands of individual units

a. structure that is used to move or grip surfaces

b. part of the endoskeleton of an

echinoderm

c. interconnected canals that aid gas exchange and other functions

d. fingerlike structures that provide a larger surface area for gas exchange

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 147 Fishes and Amphibians

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Fishes and Amphibians Using the word bank below, fill in each blank provided.

gill kidney operculum

gill slit lateral line swim bladder

1. The _______________________ is an organ that regulates salt and water balance

and removes wastes from the blood.

2. A fish’s major respiratory organ is the _______________________.

3. The hard plate that covers and draws water over the gills is the

_______________________.

4. The _______________________ _______________________ helps a fish sense

its own position and other objects in the water.

5. The _______________________ _______________________ helps a bony fish

to regulate its vertical position in the water.

6. The opening at the rear of the cheek cavity is called the

_______________________ _______________________.


_____ 7. teleost

_____ 8. tympanic membrane

_____ 9. lung

_____ 10. septum

_____ 11. pulmonary vein

_____ 12. tadpole

a. an internal, baglike respiratory organ

b. separates the atrium into right and left

halves

c. a larval frog or toad

d. a fish with a symmetrical tail, highly

mobile fins, and thin scales.

e. carries oxygen-rich blood from the

amphibian’s lungs to its heart

f. vibrates and sends sounds to the inner

ear

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 151 Reptiles and Birds

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Reptiles and Birds Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. down feathers

_____ 2. oviparous

_____ 3. ovoviviparous

_____ 4. contour feathers

_____ 5. plastron

_____ 6. carapace


constrictors endothermic talons

ectothermic Jacobson’s organ

7. Birds of prey capture their prey with their_______________________.

8. Snakes that wrap their bodies around their prey to suffocate them are

_______________________.

9. Animals that maintain their body heat internally are _______________________.

10. Snakes smell their environment using a structure called

_______________________.

11. Animals whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of the

surroundings are _______________________.

a. top part of a turtle shell

b. fluffy feathers that keep birds warm

c. bottom part of a turtle shell

d. females that keep eggs inside the body

until shortly before hatching

e. feathers that have many branches called

barbs to keep the feather smooth

f. organisms that produce eggs that hatch

outside the mother’s body

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 155 Mammals

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Mammals


echolocation mammary glands

gestation period placenta

1. Structures that produce a source of rich nutrients for feeding young after they

are born are _______________________ _______________________.

2. The time it takes for a baby to develop inside its mother is the

_______________________ _______________________.

3. An organ called the _______________________ lets nutrients (food) and

oxygen go from the mother’s blood into the blood of a developing fetus

(baby).

4. Dolphins make high-pitched clicks that bounce off things, and this is called

_______________________.


hominid monotreme primate

5. A mammal called a _______________________ lays eggs that hatch.

6. A mammal that walks upright on two legs is a _______________________.

7. A mammal that has grasping hands and may walk upright or on all fours is a

_______________________.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 159 Animal Behavior

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Animal Behavior


behavior innate

fixed action pattern learning

1. A(n) _______________________ is an action or series of actions performed

by an animal in response to a stimulus.

2. Genetically programmed behavior (instinct) is often called

_______________________ behavior.

3. Innate behavior is called a _______________________

_______________________ _______________________ when the behavior

always happens in the same way.

4. The development of behaviors through experience is called

_______________________.


_____ 5. conditioning

_____ 6. reasoning

_____ 7. stimulus

_____ 8. response

a. an animal’s reaction to something

b. something in the environment, such as a sound or smell, that causes an

animal to react

c. learning by association

d. drawing a conclusion based on facts or an assumption

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 160 Animal Behavior



courtship sexual selection

imprinting territorial

9. Learning that happens during a brief period early in a young animal’s life is

___________________.

10. When a female chooses a mate based on a certain trait or set of traits, she is

showing ___________________ _______________________.

11. When a mating male sets boundaries for other males, he is showing

___________________ behavior.

12. A ritual that helps males and females recognize each other and leads to mating

is known as ___________________ behavior.


each statement.

_____13. A cycle that takes place each day is called a

a. fixed action pattern. b. response.

c. circadian rhythm.

_____14. Behaviors that help animals find and gather food are called

a. communication.

b. foraging.

c. territorial behavior.

_____15. Seasonal movement from one area to another to find food or a mate is

a. migration.

b. circadian rhythm.

c. territorial behavior.

_____16. Chemicals, touch, sound, and sight are all forms of a. sexual selection.

b. communication.

c. foraging.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 165 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems


_____ 1. nervous tissue

_____ 2. muscle tissue

_____ 3. connective tissue

_____ 4. epithelial tissue

_____ 5. leukemia


bone marrow ligaments stem cells

joint osteocytes tendons

6. Bones of a joint are held together by strong bands of connective tissue called

_______________________.

7. _______________________ _______________________ is the soft tissue that

either makes blood cells or stores energy inside spongy bones.

8. A junction between two or more bones is called a(n) ____________________.

9. Tightly packed mature bone cells are called ____________________.

10. _______________________ _______________________ can become more

than one type of cell.

11. Strips of strong, flexible connective tissue called _______________________

attach muscles to bones.

a. carries information throughout the body

b. supports, protects, and insulates the body

c. lines body surfaces

d. cancer of the tissues that make blood cells

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 166 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems



_____12. epidermis

_____13. keratin

_____14. dermis

_____15. sebum

_____16. melanin

_____17. subcutaneous

tissue


One muscle in a pair of muscles pulls a bone in one direction. The other muscle

pulls the bone in the opposite direction. A(n) (18) (tight, flexor, or extensor)

muscle causes a joint to bend. A(n) (19) (flexor, extensor, or loose) muscle causes

a joint to straighten.

Skeletal muscle cells are called (20) (muscle fibers, stem cells, bone marrow).

Each muscle fiber is made of small cylinder-shaped structures called (21)

(sarcomeres, myofibrils, or ligaments). These structures have alternating light and

dark bands when looked at under a microscope. One group of myofibrils is called

a (22) (ligament, tendon, sarcomere).

Two types of protein are grouped together in a sarcomere. Thick protein filaments

are called (23) (actin, myosin, myofibrils). Thin protein filaments are called (24)

(actin, myosin, myofibrils).

a. layer of connective tissue and fat found under the dermis

b. oil that lubricates the skin

c. outer layer of skin

d. pigment in skin cells

e. layer of skin that contains blood vessels,

hair follicles, and glands

f. hard protein found in skin, hair, and nails

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 171 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Use the word bank to fill in the blanks.

arteries capillaries cardiovascular

lymphatic veins

The heart, blood, and blood vessels make up the (1) _______________________

system. (2) _______________________ are blood vessels that carry blood away

from the heart. From the arteries, the blood passes into a network of smaller

arteries called arterioles. Eventually, the blood is pushed through to the

(3) _______________________, which are tiny blood vessels. These tiny vessels

allow the exchange of materials between blood and the fluid around cells. After

leaving the capillaries, the blood flows into small vessels called venules. Next,

blood flows into larger blood vessels called (4)_______________________,

which carry blood back to the heart. The (5) _______________________ system

collects and recycles fluids that leak out of capillaries. This system is also

involved in fighting infections.

In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches the

definition.

_____ 6. ventricle

_____ 7. atrium

_____ 8. heart attack

_____ 9. stroke

_____10. blood pressure

_____11. pulse

a. force exerted by blood as it moves through the

vessels

b. rhythmic stretching of the blood vessels leading away from the heart

c. when an area of the heart does not get enough

blood

d. when an area of the brain does not get enough blood

e. chamber of the heart that pumps blood away

from the heart

f. chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body and lungs

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 172 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems


Use the word bank to fill in the blanks.

plasma platelets red blood cells

white blood cells

Blood is made up of cells and a liquid called (12) _______________________.

Most of the cells that make up blood are (13) _______________________

_______________________, which carry oxygen. The main job of (14)

______________________________________________

_______________________ is to defend the body against disease. Cell pieces in

the blood called (15) _______________________ play an important role in the

clotting of blood.


alveoli bronchi diaphragm

larynx pharynx trachea

____________________ 16. a long, straight tube in the chest cavity through

which air passes

____________________ 17. two small tubes that lead to the lungs

____________________ 18. the voice box

____________________ 19. a muscular tube in the upper throat

____________________ 20. tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries

____________________ 21. a muscle below the rib cage that drives breathing

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 177 Digestive and Excretory Systems

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Digestive and Excretory Systems


nutrient calorie excretion digestion

1. _______________________ is the process that rids the body of wastes made

during metabolic reactions.

2. The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use is called

_______________________.

3. A _______________________ is a unit for measuring the energy released

from food.

4. A _______________________ is a substance the body needs for energy,

growth, repair, and maintenance.


definition.

_____ 5. vitamin

_____ 6. mineral

_____ 7. pepsin

_____ 8. villi

_____ 9. esophagus

_____10. peristalsis

a. inorganic substances that occur

naturally and are not made by living

things

b. fingerlike structures that line the small intestine

c. a long tube that connects the mouth to

the stomach

d. a stomach enzyme

e. the squeezing of muscles in the

esophagus in a wavelike way that

pushes food to the stomach

f. carbon-based substances that are found in small amounts in foods

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 178 Digestive and Excretory Systems



definition.

_____11. urea

_____12. nephron

_____13. urine

_____14. ureter

_____15. urinary bladder

_____16. urethra

a. a liquid that removes metabolic wastes

from the body

b. a sac that stores urine

c. a tube that carries urine out of the body

d. microscopic structures in the kidneys that filter blood

e. a tube that carries urine from the kidney

to the urinary bladder

f. a toxic metabolic waste

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 181 The Body’s Defenses

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

The Body’s Defenses

Using the word bank below, fill in the blanks with the term being described.

antigen inflammation mucous membrane

histamine macrophage pathogen

1. _______________________ a disease-causing agent

2. _______________________ makes a sticky liquid that traps disease-causing

agents before they can cause infection

3. _______________________ a protective response that happens in tissues that

have been injured or invaded with disease-causing agents

4. _______________________ a chemical that causes local blood vessels to

dilate (get large)

5. _______________________ a white blood cell that takes in and kills

pathogens

6. _______________________ a protein on the outside of a cell that tells the

body a cell is foreign


antibody cytotoxic memory

B cells helper plasma

7. _______________________ T cells activate other cells in the immune system.

8. Infected cells are killed by _______________________ T cells.

9. Y-shaped proteins that bind specific antigens are _______________________.

10. White blood cells that produce and release antibodies during the first time that

a pathogen invades the body are _______________________ cells.

11. _______________________ fight pathogens outside body cells.

12. After an infection is over, _______________________ cells continue to patrol

the body.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 182 The Body’s Defenses


In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term.

_____13. allergen

_____14. allergy

_____15. vaccine

_____16. immunity


sentence or answers each question.

_____17. The virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome is

a. AIDS. b. HIV.

c. SCID.

_____18. Which is caused by a virus that infects and kills helper T cells?

a. AIDS

b. autoimmune disease

c. allergies

a. long-lasting resistance to a disease-causing agent

b. a solution that contains dead or weakened disease-causing agents

c. weak antigens that do not make most people sick

d. an immune response to an antigen that most people do not react to

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 185 Nervous System

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Nervous System


_____ 1. neuron

_____ 2. dendrite

_____ 3. axon

_____ 4. nerve

_____ 5. action

potential

_____ 6. membrane potential


_____ 7. sensory receptor

_____ 8. synapse

_____ 9. neurotransmitter

_____10. retina

_____11. semicircular canal


_____12. taste bud

_____13. cochlea

_____14. reflex

_____15. brain

_____16. cerebellum

a. bundle of axons of neurons

b. part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses

away from the cell body

c. part of a neuron that receives information from other neurons

d. nerve cell

e. difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of a cell

f. sudden change in the polarity of a neuron’s

membrane

a. layer of specialized cells lining the inner

surface of the eye

b. chemical that sends nerve impulses

across synapses

c. neuron that detects sensory stimuli

d. fluid-filled canal in the inner ear that

helps with balance

e. where a neuron meets another cell

a. the body’s main processing center

b. part of the brain that controls balance,

posture, and movement

c. sudden, rapid, and involuntary response

to a stimulus

d. fluid-filled chamber of the inner ear that is important to hearing

e. concentration of sensory nerve endings

on the tongue

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 186 Nervous System



addiction psychoactive tolerance

depressant stimulant withdrawal

17. A drug than can alter the functioning of the central nervous system is called

a(n) _______________________ drug.

18. A psychoactive drug that generally decreases the activity of the central

nervous system is called a(n) _______________________.

19. _______________________ is caused by repeated use of a drug that alters the

normal functioning of neurons and synapses.

20. A psychoactive drug that increases the activity of the central nervous system is

called a(n) _______________________.

21. _______________________ is a set of emotional and physical symptoms

caused by removing a drug from the body of an addicted person.

22. The need for increasing amounts of a drug to achieve the desired feelings is

called _______________________.


_____23. cerebrum

_____24. spinal cord

_____25. brainstem

_____26. central nervous

system

_____27. peripheral nervous system

a. cable of nerves that goes from the bottom of the brain through the backbone to just below

the ribs

b. largest part of the brain

c. contains sensory neurons and motor neurons

d. includes the brain and the spinal cord

e. part of the brain that include the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 191 Hormones and the Endocrine System

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Hormones and the Endocrine System


_____ 1. hormones

_____ 2. endocrine glands

_____ 3. target cell

_____ 4. feedback mechanism


_____ 5. progesterone

_____ 6. antagonistic hormone

_____ 7. second messenger


_____ 8. epinephrine

_____ 9. norepinephrine

_____10. androgen

_____11. estrogen

a. a cycle of events in which information from one step affects an earlier step

b. chemical messages that are made in one part

of the body and cause changes in another part of the body

c. ductless organs that secrete hormones into

either the bloodstream or the fluid around

cells

d. a specific cell on which a hormone acts

a. a hormone that counteracts the effect of another hormone

b. a molecule that passes a chemical message

from the first messenger to the cell

c. a hormone produced by the ovaries

a. a hormone that increases heart rate and

blood flow to the muscles and is responsible for the fight-or-flight response

b. a male sex hormone that is produced

mainly by the testes

c. a hormone that regulates the female reproductive system

d. a hormone that increases blood pressure

and is responsible for the fight-or-flight response

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 195 Reproduction and Development

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Reproduction and Development


_____ 1. ovum

_____ 2. semen

_____ 3. menstruation

_____ 4. vagina

_____ 5. penis


epididymis ovary uterus

fallopian tube testis vas deferens

6. The ___________________is the hollow, muscular organ in which an embryo

implants itself and grows.

7. One of the gamete-producing organs of the male reproductive system is a(n)

___________________.

8. One of the passageways through which an ovum moves from an ovary toward

the uterus is a(n) ___________________.

9. The ___________________ is the long, coiled tube where sperm mature and

are stored.

10. One of the gamete-producing organs of the female reproductive system is a(n)

___________________.

11. The tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the

___________________.

a. muscular tube that leads from the outside of a

female’s body to the uterus

b. a mature egg cell

c. a mixture of fluids secreted with sperm

d. the male organ that releases sperm into the female reproductive system

e. the shedding of blood and tissues from the

lining of the uterus through the vagina during

the monthly cycle

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 196 Reproduction and Development



statement or best answers each question.

_____12. A developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization is a(n)

a. blastocyst.

b. embryo.

c. fetus.

_____13. What is the burrowing of the blastocyst into the lining of the uterus?

a. sperm production b. gestation

c. implantation

_____14. The developing human from the eighth week of pregnancy until birth is

a(n)

a. blastocyst.

b. embryo. c. fetus.


genital herpes ovulation prostate gland

menstrual cycle pelvic inflammatory disease seminiferous tubule

15. A severe inflammation of the uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes that often

results from an untreated bacterial STI is called ___________________.

16. The release of an egg cell is called___________________.

17. The series of changes that prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy each

month is called the ___________________.

18. One of the coiled tubes inside the male gamete-producing organ where sperm

are produced is called a(n) ___________________.

19. The ___________________ secretes a liquid that neutralizes the acids in the

female reproductive system.

20. One of the most common viral STIs in the United States is

___________________.

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________


Holt Biology 201 Forensic Science

Skills Worksheet

Vocabulary Review

Forensic Science Match the words on the left with the statements on the right.

_____ 1. ballistics

_____ 2. toxicology

_____ 3. pathology

In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

_____ 4. Forensic scientists use science to investigate

a. legal matters.

b. only crimes.

c. disease.

_____ 5. A tool that separates chemicals based on their physical properties is

a. luminol.

b. a chromatograph.

c. a spectrometer.

_____ 6. Which tool records how a substance interacts with wavelengths of

electromagnetic radiation?

a. chromatograph

b. spectrometer

c. microscope


_____ 7. autopsy

_____ 8. rigor mortis

_____ 9. livor mortis

_____ 10. algor mortis

a. study of disease

b. study of harmful substances and their

effects on the body

c. science that deals with the motion and

impact of projectiles

a. stiffening of a body after death

b. examination of a body after death

c. settling of blood in a body after death

d. cooling of a body after death