1O

II ill01. mumONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING

SPOTS.IN THE CITY OF: : ": WASHINGTON

BUILT ON OLD MONASTIC PLAN

One Chapel Recently Dedicated——Others Are Underground'-

History of theOrder.

'Special Correspondence to the G:ob&.WASHINGTON, Aug.?!.— lt is not" very

often that the most remarkable things ina country are also the newest, yet thisIs - true of the Mount Saint Sepulchre

chapel and monastery which stand upona tall hill beyond the little village ofUrookland near Washington, D.C. Itis theonly thing of its kind in the New' Worldnnd it is really a college which has forits object the educating of young men whoIn time: will, go out to serve the holy

land in the order of St. Francis, called60 because it was the third order to befounded, the two that preceded it beingthe 'Friais Minor" and the "Poor C!r.r,s."It was to be a place to harbor young menwho rebelled against the egotism andcovetousness of the times and -whoWished to lead a life of Christian poverty.It was to be a direct remedy ' against

the evils of society which St. Francis be-lieved to be cupidity, materialism, lux-ury and indifference; and which his suc-cessors today believe with equal. insist-,ence. So he consulted the Holy See and,as was not always the case, the churchunderstood and encouraged him in hisgreat and ; good undertaking.

The third order was first approved byHonorious 111., who was then pope, andit was the subject of debate at two gen-eral councils, and over five hundred bullsand briefs written by the pontiffs of©very century down to Leo XIII. havepraised it end given it words of encour-agement. In the year 1221 the order wasfounded. Many of the most beautiful de-votions of the church have teen broughtinto use by the Brothers of St. Francis.In the year 1262, St. Bonaventure, who\u25a0was then general of the Franciscans,commanded all the Friars at Pisa to as-semble at the sound of a bell that shouldBound every evening Just before sunsetend recite three Ayes in honor of themystery of the incarnation., "THE ANGELUS."

Today this bell rings in every city ofthe Christian world and, known as the"Angelus," it Is the best understood andmost popular devotion of the church. Thesublime "Dies Irae," which is found Inthe requiem for the dead, and the "Sta-- bat Mater," which is perhaps the mostbeautiful of all the hymns sung" In honorIpf the holy mother, were both composedby Franciscan Friars, the "Dies Irae,"by Father Thomas de Celano, ' and the"Stabat Mater," by Jacapore da Todi,who was also a great Italian poet Ofgt. Francis, Dante Bays: "Such a life

.\u25a0Would be much better sung in heaven."On the wonderful bronze doors of the

capitol is the Image of Father Perez, whoCelebrated the first mass offered up uponthe- chores of the new world. And famousold Father Hennepin, Who was the firstWhite man to tramp over the countrythrough which flows the Mississippi, and•Where now stand the vast cities of StJ»aul and Minneapolis, was also a Fraft-Cdscan Friar. Every one who has visited{Southern California knows of the beauti-ful old Franciscan missions there. ThatMb the history oX the third order of St.Francis. - . \u0084.,

The monastery Is built upon a hill over-looking Brookland on on© side and therreen hills of Maryland on the other, andknown as Mount Saint Sepuloher. It istot yellow brick and can be seen a greatdistance away. It Is said by those whofiave Been the church at : the Holy Bep-Wcher at Jerusalem to be a fine imita-*YnL Ifv7OU *tan<l *n fr?nt at the door»t the chapel, you can look over the roofof the homes In Brooklahd and see thebuildings of the Cathollo v University ofAmerica and. the peach orchards on thebill sides Just beyond. No more beauti-ful or healthy spot could be found for a&ome for men than this tall hill, sur-rounded, as it is, by woods and meadows,iwhen you first see- it in the distance, thetnonastery flashes in the sunlight asthough it were built of brass, and thefcold cross on the huge -yellow dome{hows as bright as the reflector of aIheliograph. \u25a0 -s . ~ -fra

as bright as the reflector of agraph. xBROTHERS MUST LABOR,

One cannot enter through the doors ofthe chapel, but must go to the side doorEnd enter through a workshop where anDid monk was at work on some woodcarving. He was quite white, and did«x>t seem to mind being disturbed in theleast. He asked us to sit down, andBounded a gong which called a brother inft ; long. black habit, who was to act asbur guide. It had been very hot outsidebut in the chapel it was. cool and damp.Our guide picked up a candle from abench and lighted it, and then startedbcross the stone floor, his wooden sandalsbeating strangely upon the tiles. TheStyle of architecture is taken from thefcneient monuments, and has now becomethe accepted type in Italy for religiousbuildings. A flood of soft golden lightRiled the majestic chapel, and a smell ofIncense and flowers seemed to mingleWith the light The whole is character-ized by great simplicity, but the detailsEre magnificent. The architecture ingeneral is after the Byzantine style, whileIn the details the architecture of, the Ital-ian renaissance has been in a large meas-ure followed. It is In the form of a Greekcross, and in the four corners are fourChapels. Each of these chapels is builtIn the form of a cross, so that the wholeforms a large cross with four smallfcrosses. This emblem is reproduced inVenetian mosaic in the pavement of thefchapel, and it Is the arms of the Fran-fciscan Mission of . the Holy Land. Aswe came down the center aisle .of thisGreek, .cross, the first thing that met oureyes . was the sanctuary, which is thepoint of attraction for which the wholettructure has been arranged. Rows ofcolumns and arches through which thehiellow light was flooding gave an artisticeffect to it.all. As ..we passed in frontof the sanctuary, our guide fell downItpon his knees and muttered a prayer.Getting upon his feet again, he led usthrough one of the apses at the ex-tremity of one of the ? transepts andtown a flight\u25a0of wide marble steps \u25a0 thatleads to the - \u0084,-_. -\u25a0-

UNDERGROUND CHAPELS.When we reached the jbottom of this>tatrway, we found ourselves standing inthe Grotto of Bethlehem. It is a littleBhririe within a semicircular niche. A. silver star, is set In the marble floor, andaround it 'is this inscription: "Hie de Virtine Maria Jesus Christus natus est."It marks the spot where Christ was bornKigrht and day forever and ever votivelamps burn before this little:altar, whichIs only a plain marble slab with a relieffigure of the Infant Jesus above it. Aptone bench stands here that our guidefold us . is the bench . upon ,-. which - the{Turkish sentinel sits, who Is wont toruard the Grotto in the Holy Land. Butthere was no Turkish sentinel upon thisbench, and our guide sat his Candle downfpon It while he prayed before the shrine$ho- guide took up his -candle \u25a0again 'cind*fo,-descended 'a ; step and went vforward; Into a cavern in the rock, which is theI»lace • .ofZ the Manger. .•\u25a0 It•; smelled :}.'verytamp \u25a0 and -musty in ;this cavern, 5 and wa-ler-'.was- coming through the roof and- trickling down the: sides ['of?; the : cave.Large- pieces of the mortar had fallenand were lying on the stone floor. Ourguide explained that It was caused by therecent heavy rains, j. and that he could|iot -take us in further on -account of thegamjmass. But w« saw the altar of the

Wise Men, where Casper and Melchiorand Balthasar bowed down before theDivine Child, who was

BORN IN A MANGER, „and to whom the shepherds hastened (topay homage. It was a very bare, coldlittle grotto, and we left It :.by a narrow;;winding passage that led ys pest;, cat-acombs in Rome. These catacombs wereas damp* and . musty as \u25a0 the grotto, . andwere all empty except one which, con-tained the coffin of OSS. of Vne brotlierg.who had passed out of this life only theday before, and whose body was , wait-ing here for burial. It was very dark in \this passage, and I could reach my handinto the" catacombs on each side. . Theonly light came from our guide's can-die, and when he suddenly dropped onhis knees to say a prayer for his deadbrother the candle went out and we wereleft standing in the darkness until theprayer was finished and the guide couldask for a match, which I was fortuna

1cenough to have. I did not have bilt one,however, and this one only burned a sec-ond, and after casting a feeble light uponthe coffin of the dead brother lying inpeace in his catacomb went out and leftus again in the dark. Feeling our wayalong we soon came to where a greenlight was reflected upon the wall of thepassage. This came from a little gasstove burning in the martyr's crypt. Theguide said it was kept burning in orderto keep the dampness from ruining thepainting over the altar, which is a verybeautiful symbolical fresco of our Lordteaching. The chapel Is' circular in form,and is said to be a perfect reproductionof one of those old hiding-places fwherethe early Christians used to hear masswhen the Roman soldiers, w:ere huntingthem down as hounds hunt a fox. . Thebody. of St. Berigness, who was one ofthe early Christians, and lived most ofhis life in. one of these subterraneanchapels, has been brought from the ca-thedral of Narnl, where it has reposed

for many centuries, to Mt. St. Sepulcher,where it now rests under the altar of themartyr's crypt.; ,

AFTER THE CATACOMBS.The decorations of this chapel are not

yet complete, and are to be copies of theoriginals in the catacombs of RomeThere will be twefl-ve frescoes in all. andeach will be symbolic. They will be madeby Mr. Charles C. Arendsen, of Cincin-nati, who has visited Rome and the Holy

Land in order to prepare himself for thiswork.

Our guide led us out of this chapel anddown a short passageway into anotherchapel, very large and very well lightedcompared to the others. This, he toMus, was the chapel of the poor souls.Here the brothers are placed when theydie, and here their bodies rest until theyare made ready to be put into a cfrfflnand placed in the catacombs, from wherethey are taken away in a few days andburied in the little graveyard within thewalls of the cloister. Our guide called itthe anteroom of heaven, and he fell uponhis knees and prayed, I suppose, that he

would one day pass through this ante-room and come out before the throne ofGod. However, it is now very bare andunfinished, and our guide led us out again,passing through the martyr's crypt, andstopping while he lit the candle, that hadgone out while he prayed for the deadbrother, at the little gas stove. Then weleft the chapel by a catacomb passagejust opposite to the one by which we hadentered, and, following its damp wallsfor some distance, we came out into thegrotto of Nazareth. To millions of Chris-tians this chapel will mean more than allthe others put together. To millions ofother Christians It will mean nothing atall. When our guide said "Nazareth,"It called up a world of poetry and ro-mance and old world history, that work-shop of St. Joseph, where Jesus workedas a boy, a beautiful, golden-haired boy;

the ships upon the blue sea of Galilee;

the olive trees upon the hillsides that arenow barren, and which the entire worldknows about it. The first open space wo

enter Is known as theCHAPEL OF THE ANGEL,

and here are two altars, the one on theleft being dedicated to the ArchangelGabriel, and the one on the right toSaint Joachim and Saint Anne. Goingforward a little way and descending twosteps we come before the altar of theAnnunciation, which marks the spotwhere th« angel declared "unto Mary

that she would become a mother of theSavior." The cross of the holy landis set Just in front of this altar, and astone from the real Nazareth marks theplace of the Annunciation. The altarpiece Is very beautiful, and presents thegreat mystery that here took place. Itis a copy of Luca Delia Robbin's work,and was made by Mr. James F. Earley.But what ia perhaps the most curiousthing in this chapel is a reproduction ofthe fragment of the granite columnwhich depends from the roof. In 1638 agreat fire was started at Nazareth andthe Africans, in their search for treasure,cut the piece from the granite column,leaving it as It is today, and as it is seenhere at Mount Saint Sepulcher. Ourguide, however, would not let us pass

-under it. as he says it is not very se-cure. At one 6ide of the altar a door-way leads into a chapel that is dedicatedto St. Joseph fleeing into Egypt. Goingback througn the chapel of the Angel, wecome to the wide marble stairway thatleads back to the nave of the church.Along the walls of this stairway is ahorizontal bar which is in its turn sur-mounted by a circle. I asked our guidewhat it meant, and pausing and blowingout his candle, he said: "They denotethe limits of the foundation of the HolyHouse, which was transplanted by thehands of the angels first to Tersati, inDalmatia, in the year 1291, and then afew years afterwards to Recanati andLoretto, "whlere it 'has remained eversince."

CHAPEL OF OUR LADY."We were now back again in the upper

church, with its flood of soft golden lightand smell of flowers. We passed the altarof the Sacred Heart and the altar of theHoly Ghost, and entered the chapel ofOur Lady of Angels. There we saw avery beautiful picture of Saint Francisplucking roses, and our guide related tous the wonderful story of Saint Francis.All the time we were passing undergrand arches and over the cold stone,floor. We passed into the chapel ofSaint Anthony, and then passed into thechapel of the Blessed Sacrament, andfrom there into the chapel of SaintFrancis. In all of these chapels weremagnificent altars and statues of Godand the saints, showing blood and openwounds, seeming as real as you see themIn the operating room of a hospital.

Coming again out Into the open placeof the church we stood still and lookedabout us. Everywhere graceful archesand beautiful windows. The great vaultedceiling ornamented with panels androsettes, and the flowers on the altarslend it life and color. Above the holysepulcher is Mount Calvary, with twomarble stairways leading up to it, andwith our Lord on the cross, with the twothieves beside Him. the penitent one withhis face turned toward his God, while atthe feet of the cross are the BlessedVirgin and St. John, the well beloved.It is a very fine work of art and is a giftfrom the Ferral family of Cologne.

Again our guide lit the tomb of ourLord. We enter through a low door,cut in the solid marble, and find our-selves In a bare room all of white mar-ble. The light of the candle flickers onthe serene surface of the marble, andwe can see another opening in the mar-ble at the far end. This opening Is evenlower than the other and I had to stoopnearly double in getting through. Theguide raised his candle and threw thelight upon a bas-relief of

THE RESURRECTION,showing the Savior rising triumphantlyfrom the open tomb, while the Romanguards fall back in astonishment andsudden fear. Moving over under the beau-tiful memorial lamps that are hanginghere, our guide showed us the restingplace of the dead Christ. Upon a lowshelf sheltered by a most beautiful mar-ble slab lay a life size statue of the deadChrist, with the blood and open woundslooking so real that we stepped back inawe. As our guide stood by the side ofthe statue it would have been impos-sible to have said which waa the realman and which the statue, unless weknew beforehand. In the feeble lightof the candle we suddenly found our-selves face to face with the greatesttruth, or untruth, that has troubled theworld for nineteen hundred years. Weturned and went silently away and outinto the bricrht sunlight, and there werethe green hills of Maryland stretchingaway into the blue distance, and thebig American flag sweeping from the tallwhite flajf staff of a tall red building,and the same white farm houses on thegreen hillside- that I had noticed beforegoing In. We had suddenly come backfrom the Holy Land of two thousandyears ago to our own modern world of to-day. But again I pee the Holy City

"All who follow this rule,Peace on them and mercy."

s THE ST. PAUL GLOBE, SUNDAY SEPTEMBER 9, 1900.

and the pHgrrima entering Its old stonegfttevraji find, the gnarled olive trees ofGethsemane, and the ghastly Moabmountains with the Dead sea Fftread be«fore them, and that astonlsM£# bluesea that ffleßms before the little yellowtowns of Nazareth. The dream of neaf-uy two thousand years ago is almost areality. • •.# ,

VISITORS UNWELCOME.The first time I visited Mount St.

Sepuloher I was refused admittance tothe college and cloister. JJy guide in-fQrmed me Uiat formerly Victors hadbeen admitted to both the college andcloister, but that It had been the meansof disturbing the holy peace. In fact, hesaid that even the windows opening uponthe long corridor that separates the chap-el from the monastery, and which hadformerly been left open, were now keptclosed because women had looked throughthem and "giggled1" and so disturbed thequiet that is demanded. I pointed out tohim that there were no women thenpresent, and that I promised not to"giggle" or in any way disturb the holyquiet. But he backed away and bowedpclitely, and the d^or of t^e cloister closedin my face. I went out into the workroom through which I had entered andtold my story to the old monk in thefaded habit, and who was at work onsome wood carving. But he told me thatthe order? could not bs disobeyed. Headded, however, that the father in chargewas then away in New York, but thatwhen he returned he would, no doubt, beglad to show me through, so I went re-luctantly away.

Ten days later I again visited MountSt. Sepulcher, and found the father incharge to be a very delightful personindeed, and was shown through the com-missariat and the college and the clois-ters, and was told something of the

HISTORY OF THE ORDER.The college is built on the real old

monastic plan? That is to say, It issquare and opens upon a courtyard, justas do the monasteries in California orMexico. There are several workshops-carpenter shop, paint shop and* shoe-maker shop—where the lay brothers workat their trades. There is also a very finegarden, where all kinds of produce areraised. On the north are the dormitoriesand study halls, and on the east are therefectory and the recreation and chapterroom. Up stairs Is the fine library, andthe entire second floor is taken up bythe cells of the friars. Those cells areIn reality very comfortable little roomswith an iron bed In a corner and holypictures on the walls. On rainy days, andthere are a great many rainy days here,the friars can walk on a broad open gal-

CARICATUBED TO A FINISH.

DAVID B. HILL.

lery that is on all four sides of thesquare building and overlooks the court-yard. Here are some of the most im-portant rules of the order: "Each onewho enters the order shall wear habitu-ally a dark-colored scapular, and aboutthe body a email cord, reminding ofthe shield and sword with which to fightthe world and the powers of darkness.Whenever It is convenient every membershould assist, if possible, every day atthe holy sacrifice of the mass. At leastonce a month the tertiary should purifyhis soul by the sacrament of penance -andcomfort his heart by the reception of holycommunion. The rule furthermore pre-scribes a dally

EXAMINATIONOF CONSCIENCE,by far the most powerful method of cor-recting faults, a cause of repentance anda source of good resolution." Not bad, onthe whole, as you see.

111 Ii818" \u25a0\u25a0-\u25a0\u25a0•\u25a0- J

NATIONAL MlNXlpAl, LEAGUE TOMEET NEXT WEEK IN

*; MILWAUKEE r «-\u25a0•:,w. .rr-'-^SZf:..^ ,^-;-. ,• •

CONDITIONS MITCH : THE SAME;

All Over the Country-Extravaganceand Wa*tefalne* In Govern- 3

ment : Seem to Be tlie^ .Role. *s

MILWAUKEE, . Se|*. B^(Special.)-The coming- conference of the \ NationalMunicipal league (to be held at Milwau-;kee, Sept. 19, 20 and 21. is already attract-ing the attention of students of munici-pal questions in all parts of the country.The meeting promises to be of excep-tional interest because; r<jf:th6 wide di-versity of subjects that will be treated,.and the , personnel of the men who willattend. ;; \u0084 .:„

The -league has established for itselfa place in the public mind, and its ef-forts have borne abundant fruit; thoughnot always to the degree desired bythose most actively identified with itswork. In Its membership are includedmany men not only of prominence intheir respective communities but ofnational reputation for their researchInto and writings on the municipal prob-lem.

The National Municipal league has nowbeen In existence six years. It was theoutcome of the national conference forgood city government, held in Philadel-phia, in January, ISM, which brought to-gether from all parts of the country menand women who had long given specialthought to the municipal problem. Itsdiscussions Bhowed clearly that the many

and serious defects recognized in Ameri-can municipal institutions are practicallythe same throughout tie country. Theyarise from permanent and general, notfrom temporary or local causes. Com-plaints may vary in form and degree,but the general situation is substantiallyidentical in all the great cities of theunion. !

DEDUCTIONS " DRAWN.The deductions to be: drawn from the

deliberations of that conference werethese: The municipal problem exists be-cause a prevalent sense of right in favorof municipal efficiency and honesty doesnot exist. The National Municipal leaguewas organized and has been working tosupply this lack. From, all sides camethe same story—wastefulness, Inefficiency,all too frequent scandals in public life,and the iule of the least estimable andthe least trustworthy.

The problem which has confronted theleague was: How is a new era for ourcities to be inaugurated—how are we toabolish wastefulness and inefficiency andsecure the enactment and enforcement ofgood laws and the selection of men oftrained ability and proved integrity forall municipal positions, and to prevent thesuccess of Incompetent and corrupt can-didates for public office? The answer tothis was creating and maintaining a deep-er interest in municipal affairs and bycreating a public opinion and sentimentthat will be Intolerant of anything: shortof the best in all matters pertaining tothe welfare of our American municipali-ties.

Its purpose thus plainly indicated theNational Municipal league was organizedwith its objects set forth in the constitu-tion as follows:

THESE ITS OBJECTS.First—To multiply the numberß, har-

monize the methods and combine theforces of all who realize that it is onlyby united action and organization thatgood citizens can secure the adoption ofgood laws and the selection of men oftrained ability and proved integrity forall municipal positions, or prevent thesuccess of incompetent or corrupt candi-dates for public office.

Second—To promote- the thorough in-vestigation and discussion of the condi-tions and details of civic administration,and of the methods tor selecting 1 and ap-pointing officials in American cities, andof laws and ordinances relating to suchsubjects.

It is interesting to know that one ofthe lamps burning in the Holy Shrine atJerusalem and also at Mount Saint Sep-

ulcher at Washington Is for the welfareof Ireland.

The dedication of the chapel and mon-astery took place on the 17th of lastSeptember. The solemn service com-menced at 10 o'clock in the morning andlasted until late in the afternoon. Thou-sands of people came out from Washing-ton and from cities all over the countryto be present. Among those presentwere Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Blenk, ofPorto Rico; Mgr. Stephan, and hundredsof priests and brothers. Mgr. Martinelli,who acted as celebrant, sat upon a whiteand yellow throne, and • Cardinal Gib-bons sat opposite him on a throne ofscarlet.. After the service was over theKnights of Columbus, who had comefrom nearly every city in the country,raised two flags In front of the ' church.They were the Stars and Stripes and thebanner of the Holy .Land. And the nextmorning the rosy twilight that :comesjust before the dawn found them stillthere beside the gilded dome and towerwith its cross of gold. r A few days afterthe dedication seven young men receivedthe habit and -entered £the ; college -aspostulates. In time ; they -.will*be

\u25a0 SENT OUT TO PALESTINE.The course of study is as follows: Five

years '. of classical t-study \u0084 before ~ one" isable to enter 1 . the: novitiate.. The novitiatelasts one year; " then comes two r years'study ofIphilosophy, which "is followedby four years of theology. Oriental lan-guages, Holy Scripture and biblicalarchaeology are also studied.

The things that you see in this "greatyellow building, surrounded by. the beau-tiful green hills of Maryland, are 'those,for which men ".have shed. their blootl,

; and upon. which faith' and ambition andlife have been staked. 1 Many a Knight of

' St. John has '. died fori them, and the des-erts were often r white with the bones ofaristocratic soldiers Iwho were \warriorsin the ; holy \u25a0 cause. Inside under the '\u25a0 al-tars ' are many • relics, but the deserts ofthe far " East hold many more, • and . thestory that you are 'told by the relics :inthese . damp underground passages hasbeen carried around the world.

—Robertson Howard Jr.

Always Circumspect.London Tit-Bits.'- \u25a0--.'\u25a0\u25a0'.* Mrs. McStinger—Do you mean to say \u25a0

youv'e been married ten years an' neverhad a quarrel with-your husband? ;

, . Fair Stranger—That Is . true, madam. .; "And you always let him;have the lastWOrd?" ; . . r V." -:\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0:.;.-.\u25a0\u25a0- r_-;,T-

--; "Yes, madame; Iwouldn't for the worlddo anything to lessen my husband's lovefor )me. He might get careless." ,

"Careless?" •. -\u25a0\u25a0 .^. t-rrzr-i - .-.,\u25a0

: "Yes. .We . are jugglers by < profession,:and at two performances -every day r Istand .against a;\u25a0 board while he throws.the: knives." ;;.-.;•"-. ; \u25a0:\u25a0\u25a0;.--// --, -..:;

———z *"' ". ——-"'"

.:. Get a Rob Roy plaid rcloth hat for yourboy. _: He wants , one.-. Fifty cent?* - .; \u25a0

MOSQUITO TACTICS.

Third—To provide for such meetings andconferences and for"the preparation andcirculation 'of such addresses and otherliterature as may p&em likely to advancethe cause of good city government.

To this task the league has addresseditself with an increasing measure of suc-cess. Since its formation it has steadilypursued its subject Through Its guidanceand inspiration new local reform organi-zations have been started and old onesreorganized, and both hay« undertakenand successfully prosecuted certain work.In short, an active, aggressive, persistentpropaganda has been carried on bo thatthe American people may appreciate theImportance of the municipal situation.

When the league was organized therewere less than seventy-five reform Orga-nizations in the country. There are nowone hundred and eighteen affiliated withthe league and nearly fide hundred are inexistence inhet different cities. Duringthis period some of the association.* havelapsed, but their places have been takenby others, so that the total has beenmaintained and gradually increased.

One ol the pieces o£ work accomplished

by the league is the -municipal pro-gramme," adopted by a unanimou 3 voteat the Columbus conference in 1899. Eachannual conference of the league hasbeen characterized by its distinctive fea-tures, and the municipal programme, or"model charter," as it has been desig-nated, is the logical outcome of the pre-ceding six years' of effort.

FOR. MUNICIPAL CAMPAIGNS.It was not untii the Louisville confer-

ence, in 1897, that the preliminary stepswere taken to formulate a programme foradoption and to construct a platformupon which municipal campaigns shouldbe waged. The earlier conferences weredevoted to a consideration of actual mu-nicipal conditions, and the papers read atthese meetings dealt largely with theevils and defects of existing forms of mu-nicipal government. At the meeting inLouisville a resolution was adopted pro-viding for the appointment of a commit-tee to report "on the feasibility of a mu-nicipal programme which will embodythe essential principles which must under-lie successful municipal government, andwhich shall also set forth a working plan

or system consistent with American in-dustrial and political conditions for put-ting such principles into practical opera-tion."

This work involved a task for whichfew, if any, precedents existed. The com-mittee was working to crystallize the re-sult of the experiences of European andAmerican cities, and at the same timeto make the results of its labors practical-ly applicable to cur present conditions.

a .The- final report of the committee, un-der - the ! title "Municipal Programme, 'rep-resented the results of ". two -years of un-remitting and painstaking endeavor onthe part of the committee which compris-ed such eminent men as Horace E. Dem-Ing*;New York, chairman; George W.Guthrie, Pittstiurg; Charles Richardson,Philadelphia; Dr. Frank J. Goodnow, NewYork; • Dr. Leo S.'•' Rowe, Philadelphia;

Dr. Albert Shaw, New York, and ClintonRogers Woodruff, Philadelphia. In brief,"it is a model city charter; a programmeof reform, comprehensive and fruitful inits possibilities, which has -been \u25a0 justlycharacterized as £ one of the -best piecesof\ constructive work ever done by an or-.ganization devoted to the improvement

of municipal government.:

-••CHRISTIAN DE WET.

The Farmer and Guerrilla Chief

Now Eluding; Roberts' Generals.From the London Globe. ,

When first Christian De Wet began histactical pinpricks, it was currently re-ported that he was a man of light as wellas leading, and that the curriculum ofone of the colleges on the Cam was re-sponsible for his training.- That, how-ever, was by no \ means the case. Thefamous general is totally devoid of cul-tures and loathes learning as the badgeof British servitude. He is, in fact, 'eencpregte Beer," a typical burgher, son ofa voortrekker, and an inheritor of manyof the most violent prejudices of his sire.Born on a farm near the small town ofDewetsdorp—so named from the general'sfather —he first saw the light more thanforty years ago. He had but a lewmonths' schooling before he began totake his part in the battle of life, yet hehas been as successful in that as he haslatterly been in actual warfare. He has,indeed, proved himself a shrewd man ofbusiness, and his farm, under his practi-

cal methods, has yielded him a comfort-able fortune. For, though he loathed theUitlander, he saw that by supplying Jo-hannesburghers with farm produce hemight rake in British gold. Like mostDutchmen, he ;is marriedhis wife be-longing to a Dopper—and has severalchildren, the 'eldest being a son, nowabout eighteen years of age.,

HIS POLITICAL CAREER.Christian de Wet has for some years

been a member, of the Free Statelvolks-raad, \u25a0 and. is, what Marc Antony profess-ed to be, no orator. In parliament hehas been chiefly conspicuous in the dis-cussion of any English question, whenhis- anti-British feelings . found vent inthe most bitter and most coarse invective.This feeling has influenced his every pub-lic action and induced him to make him-self ridiculous by objecting to the em-ployment of-an Englishman to teach theEnglish language in the Grey college atBloemfontein. After the Jameson raidthis same feeling led him to support thecandidature; of Mr. Steyn. for the presi-dentship, as. against -^r. Frazer, the pro-gressive candidate. On that occasion heprofessed his willingness to pour out hisblood rather than see a d—d Englishmanpresident of the Orange Free State. Thereis no doubt that it was the support ofChristian de Wet and a few others of hiskidney \ which secured the triumphant

election of Mr. Steyn, and thus indirectly

led .1to the present conflict.PREVIOUS MILITARY CAREER.

Previous to the outbreak of the presentwar, the subject of this sketch had hadbut little military experience. He was amere child during the great war between

the Free State and the Basutos, in whichthe latter were only saved by the inter-vention of Great Britain. He was, how-ever, one of the Free Staters who defiedPresident Brand's declaration of neutral-ity In the war of 1880-81. He served underJoubert throughout that conflict, and tookpart in all the battles in Natal. Indeed,at Majuba he was one of those who vol-unteered to storm the hill, and treasuresto this day the kilt of a Highlander whomhe shot there, in no very glorious fashion,

it must be said. It will, however, be seenfrom the foregoing sketch that his geniusfor warfare of the kind he has pursuedof late is natural and not acquired fromany course of training. A brief resumeof his successes will therefore be of in-terest.

Not very long after Hip occupation ofBloemfontciii. all England was startled .tohear that a cavalry brigade had been am-bushed not many miles east of the thenFree State capital, and" that live guns ofthe Horsf artillery had been lost. Thisdisaster at Sanna's post was the first ofDe Wet's exploits, but in a few days hefollowed It up with another, which cringe

out strikingly the innate military skillful-ness of\u25a0 the man. The whole story Is asfollows: During the gradual occupation ofthe Southern Free State, small flying col-umns were sent out to receive the submis-sion of the burghers. One of these, com-posed of four companies; cf. the RoyalIrish . rifles and some mounted - Infantryfrom that regiment and the Northumber-land fusiliers, had been sent by a circui-tous route r. from- Smithfield to Bethany.They had left Dewetsdorp -and were butthirty miles from their goal. Three hoursafterI-their departure, - De; Wet, ;".flushedwith , his 5 victory at Sanna's post, arrivedin the small town, and ,finding that . the"British - column .was but : weak jand hadno artillery, he sent a messenger backfor men '\u25a0 and ..guns, and mustered theburghers of the neighborhood. | The Brit-ish, unconscious '.\u25a0\u25a0of *opposition, had - ar-rived within twelve miles of the railway,when they:; came across the enemy'sscouts. They seized a long kopje :.nearReddersburg, where they were held untilthe \ Boer \reinforcements arrived . uponthe scene. Soon four captured Britishguns; were playing on the little fore©,

• and \u25a0in ' the end,- finding their 'positionhopeless, 1 they . surrendered. The - Boermessenger 1

had :first" to travel twenty,miles iforI reinforcements and anothertwenty-two' miles with the'• transport; and .\u25a0the ; guns. Yet De Wet surrounded Itlie:. British <iforce after ; they had 5 marchedeighteen miles, within seventeen hours oftheir leaving Dewetsdorp. The clevernessand daring of the movement are thereforeclear. 'r*The same features 'marked DeWet's v other swoops, the -two lat ' HoningSpruit, the two at Roodewal, : and thatjat Llndley, while | they were also charac-teristic of *his daring escape from theBrandwater ...basin,''; when 1 It seemed ;that;he was hopelessly shut '\u25a0 In by the -forcesunder Hunter, Brabant \u25a0 and /;Bundle. It:.must be confessed that In De :Wet, :Kit-M

chener has met a foeman worthy of hissteel. -• ; . \u25a0\u25a0' -: -: .-.-' ;;s-:-v--':;% :-^.:H.''"*.' ''"\u25a0-" '"-'. "'.-— m \u25a0 —~^T'"- """"-'

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1111011 mNOT FOR WAGES, BUT TO LEARN

'f PRACTICAL. DETAIL* OFMINING

NEW COURSE AT HARVARD

Planned to Meet the Increasing De-mand for Mien Having Thor-

ough Training as MiningEngineers.

BOSTON, Mass., Sept. B.—(Special.)—This week .- a party of : young men areworking in and about the coal mines ofPennsylvania. Busy as they are, theyare not miners, but are a party of Har-vard students under one of their instruc-tors, studying practical mining operations.The demand for competent mining engi-neers has increased of late years to suchan extent that the great Eastern univer-sity is devoting special attention to thisdepartment of.; engineering.

This field work Is only an \ Indication ofthe attention which Harvard is giving tomining engineering. On the historicHolmes Field, where athletic battles wereonce fought, there stands a brick struc-ture which was formerly the Carey build-ing, the headquarters of the crew and thenine, but which is now the Rotch build-ing of ' the department of mining andmetallurgy, and which today is being re-arranged and enlarged for its new pur-poses.

What was formerly the tank where theeight practiced in expectation of thefierce" struggle on the Thames, with Tale,or on the Hudson with Cornell, has beenso changed that today the most assi-duous athlete, of former times would belost In it. Strange looking hoods, queer"muffle" furnaces, and tables coveredwith chemical apparatus are in the placewhere the oars once splashed; for thetank room is now the laboratory of me-tallurgical chemistry, where Instructionin practical metallurgy and assaying Isgiven the" young men of Harvard who areamibltious to become engineers of minesor assayers. Where were once the lockersand shower baths are now lecture roomsdevoted to instruction in these branches.

LABORATORY PLANTS.But the most surprising change of all is

going on in the eastern wing, the formerCage, now known as the. Simpkins Metal-lurgical Laboratory in memory of thelate Congressman John Simpkins Jr.class of '83. This laboratory will con-tain, when finished, a complete outfit forthe treatment of ores, and will extendinto a new wing which is being 'built tothe east.

The mining department of Harvard Isa 'branch of the Lawrence - scientificschool, of which Prof. Nathaniel S. Shal-er is dean, and is in charge of HenryLloyd Smythe, Harvard. A.8., '83, C.E.,'85, professor of mining. Another indi-cation of the attention which Harvard isgiving to mining engineering was thesecuring of George S. Raymer as instruc-tor in mining-. Mr. Raymer, after seven-teen years of practical experience, is nowequipping the laboratory. ,

When completed, the cage will be fardifferent from what it was in formerdays. Where once the pitchers and thefielders stood is now the huge concretefoundation for a ten-stamp mill. Theformer cage will contain a complete ore-dressing plant, including besides the ten-stamp mill the following machines:Crusher, Hartz mountain jigs, collumjigs, hydraulic slzers, grinding- mill,bumping table, rue vanners, slime belts,buddies, amalgamating pan, settler, ro-tary pump, clean-up pan, and automatic

Sampler. . . -: .In the new wing will be the smelting

works, consisting of a lead and copperstack furnace, reverberatory roastingfurnace, revolving roasting cylinder,smelting and gas furnaces, root-blowerand assaying furnaces. .';

In the south part of the new wing willalso be an assaying office which will con-sist of muffle and crucible furnaces andcomplete § apparatus " for assaying andanalyzing ores and minerals.

The ore for treatment in the ore-dress-ing plant .in the former cage will beplaced in bins in the new part of thebuilding arid drawn thence in a small car,which will be elevated to the height of a"grizzly," or ore screen, and dumped.What ore goes through this is then takento coarse rolls, and what is too large togo through is itreated in a • crusher andthen 'goes to the coarse rolls.

After leaving the coarse rolls the ore istaken by a belt elevator to a samplingmachine and is then delivered to anotherelevator.

STAMP MILLS.The future course of the ore now. de-

pends upon I its character. If\u0084

a "freegold," or "free milling,"or stamping ore,;it goes to the stamp bins, thence to thefeeder which delivers jgthe :- ore to § the"battery," or stamp mill. When stamped 1

to the desired fineness it passes throughthe screens of the ; "battery" jover . silverplated amalgamated plates, where thegold . is collected by .:mercury, and thebalance of ore remaining goes to a seriesof concentrating tables which separate 1the valuable constituents from the worth- *J. less rock.. Among ~ these tables are' a I"buddle," "slime belt," *"amalgamating

SMELTING WORKS.

. \u25a0' --''-\u25a0\u25a0 .'\u25a0 •\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0.\u25a0; \u25a0'"' "S- .-' - . - .'.^(Br^

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COR. FIFTH AND ROBERT STREETS, ST. PAULHours-Ba.m.toßp.m. 5^3 9 a ,p> -

pan, and similar apparatus which separ-ate the silver-bearing galena, pyrites, andother minerals contained in the ore Thetailings," or refuse rock is dumped intoIf the ore is a base ore, that is to saycontaining valuable constituents in chem-leal combinations, it goes through a dif-ferent course of treatment. Base ore isalso found In the other kind, and thisbase ore is saved In the foregoing proceinon the concentrating tables. The base or«Is elevated from the sampling machine

to a series of four revolving screens.What is "refused," or does not gothrough the first screen, is returned tothe fine rolls and reground, and is thenscreened. From the screens the ore Iswashed, in "jigs," where the valuableconstituents are taken out ready forsmelting, the refuse going to a mill, look-ing like a huge coffee mill, which standsabout where the batters once stood, andhaving been properly milled an elevator-delivers it to. a hydrulic sizer, goingthence to the concentrating tables, fol-lowing the same course as the free soldores. \u25a0, *

The valuable constituents extracted inthe "jigs" go to the complete smeltingworks in the new wing, where they areroasted to oxidize the sulphites, andsmelted by suitable processes, giving fin-ished products in gold> silver, lead andcopper/according to the ores.

The power for this plant la furnishedby three fifteen horse power electric mo-tors, driving two line shafts, and the wa-ter used will be pumped over and overagain, to avoid waste.In the gold and silver mill and • th»smelting works practical experience Inoperating machinery, furnaces, etc., willbe afforded, as well as opportunities forpractical assaying.The S'.mpkins laboratory willbe devoted,

In accordance with the traditions of theuniversity, to research work, and practi-cal tests of ores, as well as to the train-ing of the students in the use of the ma-chinery, preparing them for the real workof a -mining engineer, supplementing theleoture courses of the mining department.

Prof. Smith will lecture on mining:, pros-pecting and kindred subjects, while thisnew work will be under the direct chargeof George S. Raymer, instructor in min-ing, who graduated from \u25a0 Harvard collegein IS7B, and from the Columbia School ofMines in 1881, as engineer of mines, andwho has bad a long and valuable ex-perience In the Western mining fields.In addition to this practical milling work,Mr. Raymer will give courses in assay-ing. Competent assistants will aid in thework. .

THEORETICAL INSTRUCTION.The idea of the mining courses of the

department of mining and metallurgy Isto give the best theoretical instruction,

: side by side with practical experience,for the students will furnish all labor inthe Simpkins laboratory; so that -whenemployed in mines they will know Justhow the work should be done and beable to meet the difficulties which arise.

The courses include prospecting andexploring, with sampling and the prin-ciples of exploitation; the metallurgy ofiron and steel; the metallurgy of copper,nickel, lead, zinc, and the minor metals;ore dressing, concentration, and milling,with the wet methods of ore treatment;metal and coal mining, and their exploit-ation; metallurgical chemistry, includingthe analysis' of ores and metals; and themore advanced course of the analysis ofmetals, fuels, , slags, and refractory ma-terials. Instruction in the courses is givenby means -of lectures, work In the twopractical ' laboratories, and by readingand excursions.

It Is the intention of Harvard universi-ty to send out in the future •as welltrained mining engineers as can be pro-duced; and In pursuance of this planrigid examinations will be held and ahigh standard required of students grad-uated from, this course. . ._,-..... . _.

It Is only of late years that Harvarduniversity has re-entered the . field of en-gineering, but the growth has been phe-nomenal, and the new mining departmentis only one of a number of features of thework which is being developed.

\u25a0 _—. \u2666 —. -...•..-... .FOOT WAS CREMATED

And Thai's Why Cramps In AbsentMember Can't Be Relieved.

Baltimore Sun.The cure for cramps in an amputated

foot, as suggested by an Ohio correspond-ent of the Sun, would not seem to Abe ap-plicable in the Baltimore case for whichhe offers the suggestion. . • ' - .'\u25a0,

ABaltimorean who lose his foot by hav-ing it mashed by a hawser twistingaround it while he was on a boat, com-plained that he had cramps in the footas if that member was still on the endof his. leg. The Ohio man suggested asa cure that the foot be dug up, the toe'sstraightened out and strapped to a smallboard so they cannot draw up again. Thisplan was followed, it Is stated. In the caseof.a man in East Liverpool,. 0.,wH0 hadhis arm amputated above the •elbow. \u25a0'-

As a matter of fact, the amputated footof the Baltimorean was cremated, so thathe will be unable to try the suggestedremedy for cramps.. Physicians =say thatthe apparent cramps and pains in an am-putated member are due to Irritation ofthe nerve stumps as the act of healingproceeds. — The nerve . fibers' • which ranfrom the ; extremities are still intact Inthe bundles making up the nerve whichconducts sensations^ through the spinalcord to the brain. It is easy to compre-hend that when :one of? these fibers la ir-ritated in \u25a0 any :part of Its length the '"sen-sation -recorded In the brain will be re-ferred to the part from wjilch the fiber \u25a0

originally conducted -sensations. So faras goes the actual straightening 'but of the •

foot, toes or fingers when 'they are sep-arated from the body, the resulting relief ;

is. entirely a matter of faith dr mind cure.In : the . course of time the nerve -stumpswill:become covered so that the irrita-tion will stop and with it the -sensation'in absent members.

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