A STUDY OF WARFARE DESCRIBED IN TAMIL ILAKKANAM · 2018-01-04 · a study of warfare described in...

transcript

A STUDY OF WARFARE DESCRIBED IN TAMIL ILAKKANAM

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULRLMCNT OF THE REaUIMMENTt

FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

Muittt of Sj^Jiiloiop^p IN

N. CHANDRA SEGARAN. M. A.

Under the supervision of

Dr. D. S. VAKADAN M. A. (T«mn), M. A. (Hindi), Ph. O.

DEPARTMENT OF MODERN INDIAN LANGUAGES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

ALIGARH (INDIA)

1 9 9 0

^•w- \ ^ ^ ^

iiiiiii DS1693

aiPAHTMHit at mmtm wmtm tMnomtM

tdOumnmiHt oof.

'mJLJBmmjLmMkJLJkJmmKLjLJm

1 5 - 0 5 . 5 0

fliia !• t9 certify th«t th« Di»MHrt«%i«i •0ti%l*(9 *A study

o i Warfar*^' d-- 'r1b«-xi i n Tenr.il I l akkanam* • f o r Kvl t i t l* Ai^rWi

ia faail »f UigmrH MutU» oiiiv»riitr# Aii^srh has baan Mapl^te^

tr Mr* >• eiiMi4r« s«9«riii «a4«r aqr OupwrvisiMW X% i« «ri9iii«l

io Mtara «iik! X Hmm pmtmlttmA tlw ••Mitfvtea «• Mtailt i t far

tua aaaaS af fW^niU dagtaa ia a«r«i«l ftelfilMatt af H,Phii.

4»«r«a» tia falf l ls all tha raiaa and rafaiaUaaa af tha

actfioaaaaa ^ thi* Oaivar»i«y«

0 r « D ,8 , VMIADMI)

uijB..-^co& <?JU'<S^;^^© CT«!I rs&rj^iDiu^ Q^rfkf}^&& Qanefa^fD^i,

QufTGifrfK) -Ziuq limpQeirrdien si^^^ M^^^ ^So:fi t>Wt)cifii

u&ff^ejtcjlt, crx^&^^ 'QA<ffirra) S}4< tu Qtorra^dr £'o)/D<St '£i'

&a!>/DuM. oOWfJfT Cuz7n-<9Wbft L.rrAj_rt-. G s . O " . G<£5rT £.?»') ^fj ft-

_sidicli^© ^1% <st^^S>& QarrCb^^ wiPtemlK}. s.(56JtffJ a.;"TJ9uj

r5e.*iufi&v:j&L>il> siiti rsd:frjla)iu^ Q^rfiifi^fJ& G)fin"«?r£ /D«!r,

Q<5fT6S<rf)f?/pd . <9^liu(TC: (:PCn/DiJls& ;5I1L.<#<» QiTluS UCM^^^ 03 ,Ga ,ff.G(.:.''J^' ,>"J A-fiibx*© crO' fi^0ts)iu^ G)/:rfhifl^L-A Z)s.ncJ:^pi:,

e.rftffrL_A«tS

1 , {J>dQy'Ci)rj ^ ' 8

2 . (Jurrrfl^ ^t^AJUCSiL.&'hiii CufTft# ^l^^sn^^ujii^ . . .10-54

3 , Q^r,&iSjnLiiS\\i}?LftlB) Cur r r t -

aO'3)/D# Q < F i & ^ ^ , . . . S 5 - 5 8

< * ( 5 A « ^ ©frflu/tlCi) ej%rT<^«95iS,

Qenm, - § enihupcsi rT

<9%)« ,urT , - .s^iJi/iiurruiJini

QuOil)ufTfift, - QuQiJ^uneurr (b&LiuoiL.

QunQef!» - G)Ufr(!5OT;:9s5mnS

0T ^u(T m^cn rr C ib .

(q /DiL, l 9 2 , Ois© 1 9 2 - u/Tt_c& era&an&ih,

C y p i b . 1 9 2 ; 5 - 6 , urrL-6u asS - 1 9 2 ; ^(^ aabsih 5-6)

j {5). CTc5<5^7, r<f/bi!)L/r 5 1 8 5 - 8 6 , mnesiA ere^ - 5,

j^tif. er(Si&sn 85 - 8 6 )

Off.nCunO)» ^ih ejn!:?om r^eof^^^ WarrsfK^^flM QurrOilto

cirr&JtJ) Gurrrf&eT/ £.(j;6iirr, f][)«T. ' Q * GufT<!'iyi(5rJ/TA€;tJ> /r[iLC,.";rc

0;5©«&<se). /^fJi3)uj QoiWciUW^ ^aW&& Qiueon^ Gunt' Gunn gPrf

fj^rj^Co Gf-ocJiunn^&'2 ,

' ,<5[4i' f))6uA<r,ej( m ftjdsflflai (*un"rf(yja)(D«s • C ij^ study of Warfax desc r ibed In Tamil )<:r&u& Q^^s t&f/Bl QurrOfi?*.

Ilakkanam*' ' w a r f a r e 'CTfi!;u, (5©iji currrt Qpasiij)^^^. n^et j^^;/t^.<ft

ejcs\&Uin^^fhuns. . as a case )6i(b^&!& QarritCTuucfftSifD^"-'. US^-^L.^-

«fT€u^£^ uX=?Lr>>'eu (3)6i;<4<£«?=j isr turrcr ^ «rrfii»«fn3Lftu y'ifl J5< t_<ft<5-n fU;&&i

^T cufTKi C3)aa.*Jurruin"ancuu/iS . ulG/iA Gmfiftasi ereu^goiurr^A a'5>ruuLl(t.

e€nrTae{ih( warfare )&ens)^ loi^iu^tfl Cunrfi^i uaQej&>

Qffiu&fffn^oe^'Oin&e^ihi s t a g e s J c»urrrfAffiflr# G)<?iu€u«fifT«ftjJi

^ T a c t i c s ^^*^ •aiSoftt) Qufr©<ir fai<5B(T<^CTi3u(i)<5fl«arp3*f»

aQ^&JCiui^. QaC^ Sunrflsb Q^nu^^^uj ea^^Qunft erai&Q&nihai

(JcaeiOii, jj/«i)6!/rrfDn-Kik& ir<3 fta®«ft@<ft S0u(!>ih Quaifn^^ 'genes'^Suh

ufTiftaaacrA (oi«fr«5t(lL_rr, ff&^ ^eii^dkum^oa€n& Qan^Gurr jjdiarrSi

ofkn^^uuCUi^cnic;, erenQeu g;^ 'ao<S5f,ftft (J'^^QunOifl &nc)i^c:eM)

cAiA&ijk^ro^fir!iis!mLf)in& ( Deserlbtlve method)

C]C3CJ1U£JK) (lufTG«ft<5rrcT t>06u«rrijfiaft/<s&<ft •s/Duuej.saS/Dcr.

uCt)^,.3L/uilO ''iifjrriujjiuCi><^ID«ii, G°ufTc<s)i7L5 u^r^ih GunftS^

^^^if\^f^ljL.ih Uffi^tb Qurrstarrer .^ts^Ciu.'Hi^& ^'^Sfsca pJ^i<i<suu(i)<sa?'c)fi3;.

ûafi^.f5\undîiff,A, Qunif^.aen4 Qffiuebe.^, fJunî^tr^jifB f^mv

Qei0(Sfl&(^m& &!lfVldtb^Si, u(TL.(Tii^ssK!a u(Tud)QuOit}i ^io^5fiifJ&

^0£9)ui^ ui!)0j^n& ^anio^s, 9® a%>j , i_d6^£7f^ iyfii<9 (2)

^ncaasaen clkn&@& cjfwaiurTsu, Currrt"iiDai)/D# w<y(&^<ft ^^[ftui^uCi)-

i'lLcnu •3<s5b uL.evit!S-(^ (.iurrrfku^ u^afku^rrs €ifkn^&Ciu(hd)^:{DC:',

air(m&, unuir(&, Qun&ofhuô UUCD&Â tipOupS' Qîiênir'

Qiuj3#y^<!^n''^ • i^esm^fS^&ih Gm/JCJarrrfr QffijtijAmesterf erib^/sas^'

1 • *an act of violence Intended to ccnpel our opponent to fu l f i l our will*

—BritanicaBncyclopeadla, vol •VIII •?• 54.if.

2• IWar Is a political act usually undertaken only

when i t appears that a l l other alternatives have

fai led, — Britanica Bncyclopaedia,VQl,VIII,P.54,6

US.A/73-a75

4 , 'o(,^rTc*.',S)ufT(3<ff ,;s^ff(\,u , 2 92

^UJCt) ^ f J j l f l "

Ounrfdi ^'L9.iiu.'a)t_65(i>i2) Guni\4^i^^^^^uiPui

g)0A@A /^fDuJku GUfTff)* Ji/K)LJU "J)L><5( lfi UPflDiDS iil'li GeJi^Ullt-J^lO

QejeifCiucjiuiunesG^l

enncjn^^A aL'u-!i)&e0j G"iJrrt3A«rrcr ^ipd)«<?r iBrri-J) /ScT)eu<r3dK)

(S^^^csiU^iuHR: ineau(3un &<b&£tinQ) ^fiiiir>.^^«r, Q/5^ .eift_<&<93brr(iti

2) u^QejiJ aoiij^aJkona; QurrCS Jftuft) <*iJfiSL_ «5<tr, CT^SJ^D gjG ^^c'^ui'-

UfTi\S,(.^JyCurT£^ GurriJ srû^ êê^ l^bOuîh ff'^fsnnj jSisiCoid^Cb

^^en rnuQjurrej u6j7 s5K).iiq C impiase of the human mind)

u«5u)L_;§ ^uSU>nl& GuiTrfki& an0&(ja<z&iiu <%sjfr&^^

€inrjnia&€ifi^ i!P^dics!iniune!i3i2

CTirflJ C3rdl^i>^iivrT(f , Giwih, oii^.LiucsiL-^ iS^sstQsse!fn& ;^-si{DSiQufDn^

ffiansTTfl/L QieniQn& g)©<&a (JcJsStoii * CT^/D Qurr^i i utlhL^ £.(5QJ n^IR/Dfin.

fb^cTSiinC m a t e r i a l )&(Ttffi^^ afiSuoj^su/ii f^us^Surrfi/^ .SfTiJcui

e.«7iaâi /rfS/TJioajg/C p s y c h o l o g i c a l )€r<!ru ^ûîl) Zjnfl[^Gpnib,

QttiifjurTR!! uipuu(&q, ij^dnanrcnff (iL^a^jjftl.^tfrfe'iS ^ A «

- - <i<5?)(i/ •ffiiTfrc3ft(«CTrri.'!'ti

9<;!-iP, CTc*^ LOfT&'LG/lijpjfTrf ffif!iGafTili_^an;5u;'J) C?uiTOi <!J;rrfir .Rrri jcj©-

Silcfkj'JîâîJ, ff&s^Bnoj^j^ toGfljjJ^Â ^&€a^(5^ ^jio^Qe^miL.

^nrfl-i^L-Qaj £2.nlTiu).-3)iu / ;>in)n;rrtlL_c5, 5 ) lorr^er)nff Q<st^^(&,

6 )QunriDrr,jL0t4:L 4fflii Gpjt!.L'3).aii;'.!), 7)Qu«*G5;rrL_£t), 8)':JC!Lai7CilJ

s^n^^dbf 9)^sj)eji^Ui eJl5i^ut.h, 10) iAi)&dutLL. ui(pCiu^n,

; ^ 0 ^ ^ QuanffjiiJ^^no' anrja&&£)in&^ io)f;n^^^k,uuiLih^iaier ,9

(oGcjcDfir; ciujrTGfiJfiSi ^(b^fisA Q;2n"an€U^ytfi

1. siu^^i'i ,n|U).i3un)L_ ( P o l i t i c a l ) 2 , u/<5fT<?r:i!)«E5 ii|(r3iJUrif)L. ( i d l o i o g l c a l ) 5 , cftJrt^al .«vtai3uGni_ (emotional) 4 . ffiPRu QunCaain^nrj <^\^Ciua!iu (Socio»economlc)

^isij!iu.^)L.&^ kiifjf^una^ 3iCjL.^p;&&ei,

Qun&e^d) ,T|tq.tjiufl3L.ffirff Gurr'^c^rrr ffPeo . &ana-iiffjenn&

rjnii h)ei.i^ffk{\ ^^eS^tuuff Qiun^efki&) &&Qs^nCj-^Q^n(b

âs>e)Qidi( xnjler of land )^^P> jîêo&^Cb iQnpfkjesûii^^sith

^JJ^ ( kJLngdon )erA:uSi GuffnenffA lSaplT9 )u)n-/iftuc!m)/J-

;se3ii) GurrrflS?. j^tSi.Ciuei)L.i]J)i^^-rT& er^aone^th ^JDU (jAcne) eJkfkin&&Cb

r^^j>^- LiQufirn (Surrff, «i7^.3;,:i!iCunft eid^H^ O ^ L / L J J U I I L / - . 14

<Srf . <??. u3£/(S/ iTft Quij^p a peon{!)(!) rr&lrfkiffsienrTd) cfkn&s-.LiuOi-if^^a^lS

^L. Qurru^^-'Oines: Qurri^&Qa! er^idJiih .%fjniu^^iuncj(^ efkn^jcifl\ 1 7

5;(£!/ii, ufTCjatuif. Qp<^^QffUfhj&19 Ginff)Q&nc^L. iJ;unrt€,<Uiil)

Q&rT'-j'zfj.iM'Gu aflbflUJ (o)ff^f.:nesi 6jd:^& ^rjuihidinner, ft ^fjil&^l&pafft,

^aibj e->cft^ QcTcTia^ Qffii^'?:)u eurjcon^e^ sj>3^rfk]t^£^-£r if)r[:uua&t,

tflxnJls!), Onrrocrftuft) :n iq.i5iJ6!iit_<?.CCT CurroAarrc?- arTjjCTrBaiTins.

uêf\f:& Q{i^^si€,fh)L.Giu Gurrrfsrfr fî^^êa €T&pnC»&,

aufTft<5<?r ;^'i5;$i:J ftHIiift&fDflp, t (i}.<ft<rSs& C t r i b e );5«))«ucj«S,

adiif Qo>ncx\0j lAsnip 65<-o)€u. siH^^'i king )eTdip j^ejQinnib

Currrf crui-if ^ gi&cjC' a / l ^ ^aiQf]^&& arrutniuifTa ^rain^^dJ

j-jfT'S'r e-(5rjrr,S«;fe^<Krrfc'; &nrjaiSi&di ueo ^^^fs,22

g/ijtu©;iiiii)r!) Gu/Tft ej&usii e^^eiui^ £^rj& sjk^cjn&e^f^ (]&{r}ki~

QenQjcf.iaturrets Gunfi G^uff ^saeoeue!fi& Qm&ssiuicsiiu e.OcjfrA@a»~

§pjff<ffi< si/rfiu 6 j(1-< .cEi!l QufTa)!J ^^,no) u^^^ih ej&& Q&rr&en^

ssc^f^jf§i3&ff' Geje^nq.iu (p,«.j5)rjn;fc6 S-G jfre? ^rj<9i, CJ^&& (Smrrfseb-

j^ij.g% Upn^fD^>^& y/5(i5«4<ati)n"<ffii3 CufTaaijA Qar r^O bi^F^&'jjjfii,

* aer.tfiiBcMi ^TA^oeuf^&ejn&i T r i b a l c h i e f s )ff^&& &(jef}&

Q«rrcSt_«'(T, 2 5 at^^g'il) ihiS,^^ eTfiiQ&^^)^i ff-O^fSi^ ^jjs* '<,)ffiL^rDO,

^kinenft ,26 .

^uii&&iLu^^^ <!>L.3^tuCi Qu'O&iSiSi ici&n(&us\iA (Sffjf^^ft ^^uftjiff,

&Q^fXial^H, u:j:i^^.uS^^ ^t^^;^'}iJi Currit crrDarr^ ^ r j ' ^

CurrGiL 5^GP<K_s',C9Gifr,$«05A,

as]iniui^uio^Ce^.'rf)^, m&sie^: a.t7!)ii>(jiy (p/5rr^^;S s^08>rf\&>fhi:

IB&CJQ^. cjrri5o.::)s 'j>s)pGiu >jirrfjmi)-o!^pS, Gunrficm& ^^uQ)ih

^^•nm.-siuj ' QJ:>a fT<*,sqiS uiutauibih,

u^toVjtf* 2.(f)U^^ e-Jtrrff^-sl^ ^u/B<ffi«ft u iP^ ^Ftyj srru/jfi&flftfi 5|cl-

s.6uaijiGurrffK) uC?;sn'<ju)T)i_4^, ; <frfi!/ 2.eu6^ {J>&ms^ ;5m_/T«

crtsirt&Ci'ii £;JiJiiJfT, cr# 'Siltsj.s.a.fTtlL.ejmS.

4iTtltf7(y:5 /5.ni_C1uf!) C3ujcurri3, ^ 3 / GurrrrteS tos'fcis&nii^^©

(Jur rn^ G;i;n"«?,a,ii», ^a touL/ , ^«&:flU), uw-uMi eu&kMJi,

ucsn_r5L.^£iih iJ^cs)(D, Qoj^fffl LOjfitfiu) G fTfiudTiiM LMd!kocJfQcj^(!fk)uj^

cj.3)/Tcj<S ^(- .GtaC d r a f t p lan )GuiJn& ^iP^sflJ^ ^^lL.iDrr&i]i,

uAu GujfD'SlffirTfT/CTijiuCyA 'j^iSrybeTSQA, ^^^ri(TurTtuii&<iiih ' -J^ifr

^^uiSiGej fnGiti, Gunffij>€!ip ( warfare )er^&ih ;5C!iL.{!PcsipuM

G&niLiiniL(i>( t h e o r a t l c a l )6yi^jCLo GunA^9!P^<3^^ ^^Hj-ih

Grata^,^yj rs -jL-Ou^Jii Gurrrf ._Pi3)/DCiu (JurTfl# §0.^<3T^ ^ t _ J >

uuirrft!: ;:flLL.^ssi^( p l a n )2.eh^L.&^ 'J^^\^^^ ^ t _ £ S ,

GufTifkci . , ] ^ / ^ Q^iT&i^, Qiit^j-DP js'iiL.Quij) Geudiis^tu pUfsip^^lBester

(o)&ns!^fqG&si GcJc^CiiS. 22 9G ;Fe5L arra)i!i QunGSi(^ Q^^

ijii}. <st<). Q<7(LiiuutJ(!)A 'Jin^ptiiffj^t /:.3)6ucjfT<Roft!r /sfi5^uftJi inuj.wiL/Gu;

(o'Urr.rT.^ ^0^3^^ ^L-^.f-^'f U^&^ !?-Ll-'6'for7fT<K st^eS<&«:!fL.

gjiPtjiLjAfe) n(_©£)«rr(i),$@t!)IDCrrrurrrj(A, ^ziunif j^r^eo :j,d^iu jv:3)ar fc7tS

^6!^êlfinslu jjtti«5@ca<N êSû, e^dic^pQajnî* ffm^/^cih, e^&imrD^

a^iSuilGjfW c"u/Trfu3K3)/D# bJ^tu^^(2i;A p-T.'Jiu i3)L_/a<K« !t Odc/fcrtiJ't!).

9iJu*C!)ti, fi)c*fcj<5tS ^(u^<sfl%t) olkn&auuCbi^fDea,

1) Cbakrayartl^aanablr.Warfare for vaalthyPP.l.a.

|5(5<p;n"cyu (»urrrt- /Bt-tJi^Aaaaiyii, u , 2 .

H^dQunOeh, u • 70 .

5 ) V.H.Ramachandra Dikshldar erd^^ »var i n Ancient India*

u s . 7 0 - 7 1 .

7) ; }jjrTiDclL;A.i!), ^n&a,ffmif- Qcj&i^^^'^ Grj;5p(t_, u , i 5 6 .

9) i3ci^ui9., u . ^ , 1 3 7 - 1 3 9 ,

1 0 ) i,'/Dii»76.

1 1 ) uncîbpê-J.,, aJ).ud!i.^t_^^t4;)ft _(£unTrtiu65 rjrri?^'a)£fyii, gârrcju

i 2 ) chakravarti ,Ranabir .Warfare for wealth » Introduc tion •

15) Ibld,Forvrard,P,VIII.

1 4 ) Q/^iTCj ,tiurTG«?r.

15) Majunclar,R.C.(ed,),The Vedlc age,pp.398-»f03>

quoted in,Ranabir Chakravarti .Warfare fey walt^,pp.10«12.

16) Sbanna,H*S•Indian Feudalisms P*109« quoted In Ranabir Chakravarti.Warafare for wealth. P#l86

1 7 ) Gio/DUtq., U S . 1 8 9 1 9 5 .

1 8 ) 4 f ) : ? ) . 3 1 .

1 9 ) LaiorT.5. nfTa$<sfl, 6 9-78»

20) Neelakanta Sastri,K.A« A History of South Indla.P.1l8«

21) Ibid,P«119.

22) Classsen , H*J*M* and Peter Skalnlc

1) The Early State 2) jhe study of the State

23) LeulSyHerbert.S•Warfare and the Origin of the State Another Formulation. In The Study of the State ed.by H«J*M«classen and Peter SkalnlC9P»212«

^^ Engles, The Origin of the Farnlly.Prlvate Prooerlfy and the Sta^,P«231.

25) Krader Lavrence, The Asiatic mt mode of Production.P.a7B»

u ,262

2 7) cj iSuu}., U.26 8

2 8) carl von dausewitz, Qnw€ur. (Tr« by J,J.Grahan)P«l66

2 9) Ibid, P.175»*

/Drrdion_<ckU(t. u^rrcusrriiiJbfflrnTf ufr^ffeJI J^eftnuAl i^f5utlL.rjft afii:

ijiC!Sie\}iuKi.isain&ih,Q^na}^nCiLJhjili cfhunffff (iea^^'^f^u u<ij^f^^^'^. \jii

CT'vj!/J;S^ sr&l^ t_rrAi_;T . q . , (#6!/,<7rrLdl;5fT i&iu/t ^£jftsis*Lb, Q^rrdiamjuJiuff

unL.et» < ''*i-'Lb q;Di'jiS)ufT(!5<jr ^6i;fJ(5 ^\^s>sn€n[n& &c:^&^^.& LipLiQurT'3^

uiS)0iurrsu unuLtuil.Q>^€nciaLD ofiHifi^bQui&uff"3 » © ,6)fj . UfTtu«3'riJLJkru)ci4t/ .

Q<yuis b>;5rTc5«m5L/liuft 4iDG/fT0c/tj<ft.59ttj;&^@ ^rjif)uj&,&iniuclkui),

QunQenn f5npeifkj&) ei&sMennlS' un&un(b Qs^uiuef&esteo, UQ)(SQJW'

(!Ps!)/D* :iff\u&si^ uS>0hi\h ^Ciuna a atrjiuWi&auud'^Aenea , ^iJ^^rfiii

cu fiO/Di &t^&Ci îîDih* erASSiih î=Qff{T& uiuAuî^Si,

'*G/)£ii)/D(c.';s^a)«siurr# er /D o/^uu^^ftiro/? Lip^fSsmi&faaiin&^C.ibQuiiiuA ," 6

fi^îiiA@Ci iêoenasii&ili iJ)(oft&@& &{DûQ)a§tih i^p^fSesm u^(fiusia eraieonih,

il&^^kses mbA^iA ^aie\^S) ^cu(»«u"d

CT«I/D *v ÛfT^s* â^êsmCi Qututt^Cts^d iS^pAMsCi Li&)tan&&^& J&êo

"j'/aCUil), g)i7A<S5<2>, GJG/eofl, fi/ViJ^» WU®iil;SFli 4t«sau £ i O / t ^ « ^

&*B&©^ ^cxn 'Jk)^i&i&ib iLrfki^na ^fi^&uffiifi ^DQurrd^ift LieoeaHueonnA

uiTL-iiuL.L.£'"10 i.Aufi €u ,«»u .uirrflsflSsarfrrt-, "q/D»3C)urril5<rfJ3fi.'fT

ûlfl^Âsûi êau^pea* eiA!DSSifil2 @ ,Q€a ,un&)^CUyLaeÂ ^Ce^& «rrCC!3^<Drrft,

' i^&en^&Wi ^fi6^6)&0^fi6Sts 1 3

2X-ues>s QUisiQ^ih uC.!oiua^ i^iLueaBA^

ifJGintsn&eSlfi ffn^^eaui airri>.'UMiir, . . . ,141^/DfiUif ^BUenprT^,

Gunrfloi <5s<? iP ttjna>6a&sm& Q&n&oisiih cuVfii^rfk/ &L.eatii£iaina&

€T6sG€a Q/*friiq«4 of^CiuQin L^ioihunu&adi ueaoi^a^ G^n^p^^^

ffkaeo^âfaina êstinfi^Si ereseonih, ^^^m&sj êo^^m&aflu y6;E^

Gurrrfhjfb :s)ffu^ifi'l

&nrj&i&&^, (5urTrf/5LjQ/K).4a)<55«<&, Guntf&s,eni3i, §i^^a^^t_m<55«S,

u^gfliu '-.K^iii^sfi ^•.}uihQuprTef)isiS>iii t^pQeana^A&tb u^nuAunes ^to)

^S>^&, ^scaeoQiA uniFaapf^ at aoiDGnuju QuffJ/j.'uD ereSuoQ, ^Gn&)€/kaiu

fT lU £)

y ^^to( i /b4j _ - _ fc)y (T§Bflw4« t5^

s.s!i!jujn^kfkjns>^ in^p ^lU^st^^Ci^ Quasi e^&&^ ^fffku&QundbV

«)ls^f^lsxTi wiy^feii Ljipjin^ np^^iaeaiiJ)BO&<sscsatl) 'jjsiff^^iiauidliit J jD ft-

^Saipsdiu Jtu^fliib C\uinft^fln\fli^9 crdru/tl? ^<rr^ija6j(t» " utt'a[«fT6U;S^

^iUa/ft Afcr rfllL' 5 ^ ^ ; 5 «^rrd!)L^666r//TflJ ' QU(L?<3)ii>C/ii 'J-iTSJii' QUffktIih 'Ji0^0isk

e^^nmoaih^J&i, mpQ6iin^i&Q^S)&inili 'j^ia/t u/sfTiS i iJLlft ^fiawacrrrttAw"

erAurtlS Qffnuy^/k^p urru^mf,"QutT<i3^t G^Q>& QoiCsa&iurTfk i^s)Ci-

Qun(3<ff^&un& Qff(jj^rglai^0& Gi&ehl rfkamQ\&& Qf)BSi6n^€JA ^iSfuAaihj

^eo&aesj^^ ciib^si eM^&m^ ^ftjiOu^ QurrcJflrrr5'lrfltu^u)rT(t j)xjt^"l9

ei&uf^ i OTGJipa«»frft,

^sxauM &cst({)sa Qunft^aapdlA ui)Qeii& j&sasosofnsi s t a g e s ;

Qun&6tfhi^ ^ ^ §jiu&>&etfk'} ' SISBID * er&p OffrraieomL^iu anssuuL-ofi^'neo,

Hp^^6!S)b^uJkj6SlS> e.Asn ueo §iaD(Da&&@ erOs^^ABniLun&u uiPastununes

Qirri^Gfi^ eiyÂ^^ ^j<!3^^ îî^ (iimp€Si^& @ilAt@i2k utbGalf

;rtfi*w«<Trrr@iS. L^to^^senJaafHi aoliJh^sOCT (Qu(!3ibun^ih Qurr^

jBSBL. {yiastpaSii) Q(S>/t^ u&QeaS* f£\m6)&A) S>gs>{p&mn&& ^pOuiLQj^engn " 2 0

LifpGeHf ^ihssu^nQaa io)jstu^a)3i mpGss, aitreaa ^nGesi urTBaa)iu& LwGa,

€(&& ijun(i3^^ ^lunnn&Hi Q>ur(ft^ ^if^^0LL,^0Sii S t r a t e g y )

67<v/p crfCiQunoinLsfl^ Aff)CiuC.Q>d[ara, ^eaa Gurrffkbih Gfsni^ n(pasin&&,

^^&t!i, Zieaôil, laes^G&nfte^ ii^ôfloj iDrrÛLl(_ maiêo&ft (ejAtn^& eîtc^-

QoiC^fSsassA^u uurrsi §cu <5usfi2> ^Sf^gi, c^nffatrr& GeaCiuCt-

<5^&. L^p^^ksmCi Gurrftvip£B{|}a>63)01 -^prxi^ih «^0ie)A&^, " QGitl^Gurrit;

Qfiifssieo f&£o^t.^ loA&A GiDfi^0i»Jta(T& ^eiiti»psaiei& ©f^^ j^^inA snOi'-

jSlBOtuBCî QiniiSih CTu/brf eo^s ID^&SI §iCiaL.uVI> iîff&biili ^êinaSlsapesnat^

setie^ni) &€jfiQ>fi, %^fiain& ^MBaiJihSi€n& seiAGeand^A&ib &nOuni>&-

"CT^<?rr i£(Si9sseas Goi^^eaa Geafi^ti

ST^W c;îT6u«mJiiJk/i?) ea^ î^^lsstea^ g)aj «fiji2> &&^§, Oi^^QunaÂÂ

Qeaji^siDSS'^ flib Lixasiaussij &n^^4) GeiA^.& auaamQium sSlBdss^&i^ihujSiianesuf

GQifi^i>s)esi)Gei}/ifl& eifBfi^&d Qun rfhennA ,

U36l65«(&?! o / rr)fcU<sanflri5 uff ^^)fftJQiiJiii j^dr/iftuaBUJiuiTA «L_fij)U)Oui^iP <s6(i5^

er&uili 2.y^ibu u?u/TfT ^6Di&«5- il). uta&iBmLCb

uiu^&' UJ&ejniijiii)êb mrrtsnj Lfln^^lB!>e!fujrTdi& SQÎÛC.L-&» ^^seirrri)

^QjffijA aneo^^i Eri:erconGy Per iod )£.uifcaj7lyt6 tiarTto^^uGurrijfTL.

i]jfii)«;& «;':cj)<;'ju ua)i_afi»OTiyii SLCS)L.U lurrif (^&&ne<j^0u /PrTf^uouiyih e.i3)i_Giurr(t)

'Jt^^.iuQ>^SJdtai QinsaG^^sks unifCiutair, :^jP&rf ,6iie:il&f^, (ioinenn^

^OJGaiB, J<£F^QJli, uyfT<fta!)<5 :^Gi^l!f)iSi J^Q) lU fT SS) iL U^f^ ^pUUll.Q)^aiS3 ,

(Sunsarj uBi&^3> êsunû aî&iîl) &.60&fifinif)& ^<^^&& &iêsiUi&(e)aii^

G'urrd) ffirr^aOiyA unL.n^iJi Qurreap^ ^«AtLtu^^@frtu «»iftefTtlfij.iun"a

jiêoeaiuîh, Qunfi \^fsj.iu .^th anej^sa^mJi, usaajsnCKj-A jnîGuneetûj

&n&};êi)s!)iqaiLb, uîjfhu aesSCtssu^ y^cifturrî!) Quf^0i)it,e> Goitiîbui.

GunftjBs!iL.ioiup i^GS^A Gurrfiisardi u^fffku U/TLJJ (ai^fltofr^aJlpAa

G-Gifi0C!>il>. (jurrfi&ff.atCi u^âfiS) Geaf^îi, e^ftA&^, usaua^ êsm^s^

urTffsafDiuce)injE& ÂaGa}iAe:i.(U f^lBoeoei&tl^p Qunrtlii jêueau Ôt/llCdM

osiUiiurTRi fiaoi^j ksti^^^^ LMOBQU Gurras^Ci UCHUBA ^lunpna GeatCn^ih,

^tufT!jrf'i:iili (JjBp^^ Uita&oijinnt^ jSfbe) GjsnibjSei) Gun&eaL.a^d\fis> Geaf^^in

afpA&tff ui^^kiSltS) u^n^&airTi, ^^(sneb efptf&A e.^<yr^(2> j^peanpop^

Q&ntJSiQ> (3}ei0{[fl ^uGunG^ iSeau^&s^L.&p Qundip ^^^^^ £r(!y «%/L.<tr

Guntf&^sn-ih q/DOuCbeurt •

Gun A ^s,^fMi ^i^s.fi^ ii}tu0eaaiusstu}un^

Gtneaej /Err(i><5B^ i2» i i2)L.«ftfi £^sauiji^ &i-&Qti^kiI& ^i^aib ^sauifiS'Aa!&,

&nei^^ fii^&ih Q^A susa^ .o/i^urrPi^ QfBrr&nioi:^ pih UpeJkk3^^&,

^uJpaA fgkojsQj&Gsrrtli^if^ eaL.&sSA •sftaL.^GsrrCiaiK'Latitudes )

S - ^ t S 15-^Ji gjaB£_tt/fc&, ^^&&G&n\ba&( Longt i tudes )75~Ai&ih

fSi^^ih fssa^\Sisii ®LDrf)Sliu&30&) - OIL.

0&Sf êv&îii&i^ QPeuJt, ûSljâih euu^^ QQI&^L. uisst&)aât^lh izf.

(jj rfi" u^sS^i^ su&saaena^Cb 6rd).3S>G)&saaj^ Q&netistB/k^saLaeaiu ffioj

\ifiisi.i£irDii', eandHs>^^^4 ^Ciunen oii^^ûuintB ûSâ^^ ':,)f£û®0a}nm

uA&^&cil 3iL.^6nyfl eirratls^^nd) &L.$i&mpCt unSi&nCin ea&iQiniuistusiu

anajCiun&e{ih ^}ijj)fk^^, uiP/k^uS^ jsniLisi^ ^CLftf^&entr^ Qsp,i2ffn\^ ,

urrcAin.tu jsn^&sm^ êSi^ê^m QfBrr&îli ^QoinfiiSi'iSi ^caauuna

Auj-iu^fTS QQji^is'. ueia&eapnA '.^fi.&u^^ a^unnn^^ ^nii^^nA®

QsuAeStsiXilt^S ^6}yfkurT3>^ f&s.t^^ni^^d) Qjs^& ffftOU J^ennm^ uaa&^

GunStmnea r^oOupCin ^(Qfi^Si,

j^ffîuib, uûirQ} Qun^jj^snea ^ny^rtiaeb ii|(3j|^^/0@^ îS^&^&6!f)jk

^SUBAuafsfiei^ih f&sn 5(3)ioui^ti anrjiaianes atSi^^cMX 'j^oipgi *Q^&e!in\l.ibCi

U^Ao:fTtle).«t» pc!5>L.Qu^(D (^^(^0!Jii GurrnnCuii Qies>{j)£i6aa^§iO

e^^£Sim1ltnnfi" ,32

fLi^a^^. ^us^&L\( Topography )c»'"i/fi*fti' Q^ni-f(^^nm

C /lf ^sU u©;^}!^/!^ R.Stin&i, Guiffji^l) !i)£»e-JuAS) U . ircS'iPii!) <9%u .^an

^&,&us,^ fifTt^^S^bsn &{TQ), ^m&e^ &^ eadi&A &U6J& awA^.pes»

QunLib0o&aA uirosiso. /^{Q[<stirrra^ ^L&^IAiDes, ^u^&^^ d^ &uCi

.'0«4<»6Tr ûityJlp*^ 'ii^LliuaDt_iufT^l*(D«i, ul^^î^ jBrriLCb isiA&A î^noia

( P o p u l a t i o n )/ftutiuin3JVB© iDsojuurrffiCG/ irjj^^j^jJrCT^. ul^fi^uS^A

- 4 ffl tL /ijeiiViuesea rrsQeu ^ anla^ &<lisnai.

;srTiLtsi.& 6djjAff,d^ ^!jeinp(jfiih ^^^nsfijuh Qunif^&ffiih i^th

' ufli)L.a/liu/BSiTQ/lb • (QesCal) , 'g)«ussr:Su6;)j_ s^rroi^' (€)i^^)er4i^t&(l

lo^ 4^£a«a/fi])L.(u <i C>u(i3i& 'jQi^^rfl^L-Giu ^j^uloih Gun A ai>^l

£)«rrfl5t_ £)u€>ibuacL_ îS9âirT« 'J^îh, e}^k!iuiSiL. {j^p^^ \iPj^&S->^&L.A

e_6u<s U)(&B7e) 90(S@i_* Qi^jltil)'" 3 3 67<&/D .stuJiqti

ufru?jt).«fift 01^ ^kJuaaL. LJPUUILL. ^ojOitu^ Sfli^ftftfoeT,

UfTL_fi)IS).«<ft CT^ei^^Ci UX)L.S.eiflS{ i^nOi ^S5if£& Si&^pesi,

&rjjkas>^ 'Sii[)Qifi&b1f)& jspQ^irA G^Cis^eoi^ ^Sf^Si, ' ^^Gi^f^sufSnH^ 4(^lfl

- i l lUlI) v!QJ/lfllUfTilL_ii 5TC-6U r r t b . <5i-llL.^<^ G^<Ua(!P^fi» 4ieJU«3iflA_th

inAsi^ih UA->L.iBQ>Cb js^Q^n& o « L . u ( t . /Bi8»)<yrra> G ^ C - u5<s «*<s')ttSi&

€T<>p ^iSifptqih rAJSi^^& anaisaivQiu ^SUsSlpsi, ^enihupe^fi e.*«? mp^^^Ci

,;jGiiu^fT£)iSi «LP;jfl SI^'SfSfTG) ' WfiU fflfrfi i L i l ' ^ ' CT^fD /BlL J^fl!a ' ' :^^£y

&y:>&JI& ^CstûA ^St^SJ, Qun(S>&^Ci nfoCiuQ) u ^ e^p&&y>4) êsUÂ

erui^ujOufTi^ @/IJUUIT«L} CurrCi^^^u H!oCiu(b vP fi iT ^dftafbiu^ &estm^Q-

' iJjbSi L^&i^ '^un^ssifi; GoiiliLj ^if era Qi^&.ih

( Totem ) 'sni_ujrrflfrij i ^&fli)OT# gcwS Qurrrflija/ft,

•e&rfl^fiSi LjpCiui^ihQun^ j^mL.ujrfenLi u&6ieifka(a ^L.ii^^fTa a^nsae)tin&&''

Gi^fT^uusy $(6fl)(T««rfk5 \iO(tfaoLOtt/rrar ussftun-tiSiii, " /5/Dii:fl;s /6© ^ i 3 u u u u ^ i i

<uVrt"<5sft ufi5ia|(2i fSfftesaati^eDLjUQi lit sett rrs g)(!5^^«& (eG/fiftCiili. aVrt'Asdt

^ ^ ^ &CjvuurTQ}( d i s c i p l i n e ) a a ^ d E A C i n i t i a t i v e JGurrrf v^aawii^

^ a g g r e s s i v e n e s s )"*ff''»fl''uq C aley^ n e s s ) - ^ ^ jjuj q<9>«n«r s_taL_ttj€aiTrr«

^Q»^^4> Gcii SCiib . §^^as>&iu (Jc/q.^ fe(ii«/lsS C p a t r o l ) jScacuoifTtu

ue!\&& usa&Qin&&f)& /i^CpJiJL-ii, 6T«SKfl£«)«, (»u •ft. 4<5BC5a/ted , s^Atfib,

S^'S Cconcealrcent )y»/if«JLfllL. ;^i_,.&^@ uSs ^ d ; ^ ^ ..i^^ti^ viW

/5/33e5 L!JiS<5fljjjrrse|ii, Q O ^ d Su»T<!r/p GjsfTuj s^^peuurf&enih j&uui^

u^/lJliyii L/5nL_Q&L_ilCurr«5b IL/<F6UC| , 4«)L.G0d5L. (^(ifi^ ^<s^ Ga«u eiff/D

5-<0)/Da6rft& &C(Uii Aiy<5S|Dnr(t. "4a)L. frtsruS' u^sih e7&IDiLh,.^& u>rrf6(Di7«?fT

r^& QffGfl ^if&^ex QffAaiu^b j^pGuj" 41 erd'p ;5<95ti)rf

Gumf^aai^^ Qunfi&aaf^ Qffyfysdi ( Tactics ^crdfl/rrfli tSDiBflin'CTtiuL.rOperation ^Ga^Cbib er^uea/s iir!ffl<ailiq.Ciu utrffaapaM)

LfifofkuSi tiOiq.<ft©;J» GQ}/ifiss& ^CinCb

HiD^Q^ITA ^ d i ^ u<S»si'Jfiih ^Ciuu

«iOui3)« G'tJflBfTrt' ^QrjiJVo &.a:Ciuu^

/^tlL.^ ««* C Pre-Plan ^ -a© l i .

COCG;/l^ft<s©ii iîu^W Siena fi , ^êsn& û).Asis}. ^ o r f a ^ Cu'fTffL Q;5fAlt_tf,

<£Err< «s<; i2> ;Be!)uQu0p ^^saCii^Ci Qunrf&di a&f^fp ^peorrih, \Jujjnpp&

QimÂs: ja jyî i , ;^^-îsaattj GufTSBjjiJuj^/lrtui êo^^tu&eifkS^/tG^ Q^rrd)-

<e)'ij&iS,e!\noA Q&^ik& ein<Pik&-&\en«iA . .^^eaftae&en eui^L.^^ Qff&uea^

GG}fi^{T3-jij a^p eaenfii^l fSsst^ c^&Qetini^ ;Bntliq.yii )^<j&&& «rr63c;rrtb ,

«»tlCc;6ft!rf;«r . " 4 3 **Q^rr&>atrCiLfiu(f &neo^^ ^n^ku^ &ssi0)iqil. db.^rrcr

'-^H^t ^rrif, (i c). 4 <s£b ssfi^asmtqib ^HffffJB^rfku £f}iics(a&eirT<s^ ^&eaiT»

vp'Qz/S rf iiurrsufj j^eMiSi i3L.^£ieafi, ij&&nsjta{b u^fifijiu

9(!i) unil.ir+.0(Sijfi ^.esieouQu sn^Qg)nft laHHiuuiinasiffl a^ufi>fT&ih, (iei^^iJanCl

i^eUbSiff^&O!^ &pCiu ef)aDrT ^ ^ f s ^

arriLCbui, QunrfA Gurr& Goiji^fl n&Si^G^non^ (ji&iiiuCiuC-L- aoiff^^m

GcjjS^ft GurrnlJ!)ii>'Jurr(!pg', ^peinpib Q^mtunsi ounifhUi

efhfi^A^ uSU^^A& uSEoGemuQicsff

^ef^fisi jAo^Gs^p ci/llL_ia^

mi^^îai ui&ij^ÂOf ^fiemi£l£»Q93^^4 6 eiû^ ^sauînSin fj

^n& 2^urr<&. GurrnT^ ujilc&d) ams^sm (ifiiibifi^nmi) ^ni>ss! u^&Qffi^ii*

Gunrftb^pn^, ercrGai '^^Gai/i^d! srrMG^und) ^^iSlsoeoir^& eies'

^&fS)i(p(!!i u OIL-, fei IS)., <*iJ?, ,^SS)LQ4^ , jBili^, ^!Jci4 8 sf^SH uaat-csiu ij>^«^^0

^ipuunai urrL.d}&aa6n& Cis-jn(&(bAbTic-^, ^^i^n&)&[TCidkif\ Gunrfko&eaa^^

ên/D«j(£> îâiai rr f t .

'êânti' usnt.q/DiSutlL-S' Q^nuS^ Gumf&sien^îh (Jurr/t-

fiJPtejCJ S oTi ;5 ,«^ u __,

u ) ^ ^^lUmsu 3umtC o f fens ive war )Q.?«Da/iS Gejji^A

^!jntbji& f3Ui& m^ eij^^ ifO'TAI fin&&^^ ^Cimn&(h eTAua^:z>0>i,iiu&6orTih

un&c,nCin0 GurraiiJ^C defensive war ) Ji^nLj&^eiin&, ^^(^er

Siofkjeonih, u);£ft5)£uA sa&Csu^gfki G(J^^^ ^^^© *iics>L.iunaiuins> m^A

Cu»T»ttPiij.;5^ f^neju^ uaJCrjfi* g|t_<5>5flfl5S up$& GufitfCL. ,««Su''flt_«a»CT

Gunatrj^C demons t ra t ive war )^AaBUi5 Currit CTorcufrit, GurrrfL

c/lStSq^ Grj/J^<t ^ J ^ j D /FfT«66aa»«iJ[ Uej)L-«6«&Ouxrjl;S /i^OuirLSJfea

tAr^^ksie^iufTBA 0«rrcBa» eJLndi Cuirrftixu/t, <5U)iiCufrntt Gea/i^s^&itt,M^\^

&asi0i{un& Gi$^ jsCuffffft&Bî A l l i e s )s^n& ua!)L.««»i ÔifiG* «a1P€U(Tifi. eanitfOin^^Sf glOOuOCci/Sêft ^nrbOii j /DGPth 9C5Qi(!5A e^yfkin^

«ft&<rfliy(:> ^ib u«)u«©L-<l QunQif 9iPTiS^«rt. " 4 9 GQi^^ft&(s»M>jk

GurrrT^«OT# »)5-iu6u««fki) efjift&s^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " J C I n d i v i d u a l power)

©GP^^cntoC Group Power )«sBCTOu fifl ^ ^ m r r a r Siaaij)4 Q^ii0-

a>/D(y>A mrjnrf<SB<7rrr Gurr/fJfffln/ ng^ i LJilL-C!, ( ajrf iPAanty^^ tt).tt/fe»«ft3

c/fe5t2iL/forft, tA3*« loaj^ca^ S2)6OA«IT« rgSf^^ sUfS&Guiii QciQ&)(^6i utf><§c/tt. 9<ft«%/ Ourr(Tfte<ft Qunafl^^^en «u*rjA<s5«&r3i_ajriJ4 arr^Aoxir

n)Li(«urr/t \hipGif*ff,(^ GurrtfAsat^ Qûjfy Û-iôaûii^

Gjsp^iiifTs> eItf^&&Ciu(b^'^riiai. eantas, sn^sfl, urrunA ^sstcaaA

Ut3)<a«f/f CT^^^O QufTrftbib ^^(Di> QuiS'Qifsi^A i fc/<t«A f f ^ u n r / j n - ^

" ^q4> <3£%ij( urT(ti3u(iiru>n'iSA@i&,... " 5 2 CT<I/D mpOi\jnL.cSA odiji&^'ii

Q^n^srT^dhu QenCLâdiibii'îh i^nojiMestoi €TAG(D ac$ê)rri&, /srrantssdk

Omj lu^ lu LJ 3<SBn-6u4 ; ^dLifDCiunuA et{:^^^fsfsn&> ^stanM^m cflfcfr<ft@ik,

fiHifL^b a£ip ifi€R[D&ii ^^Qffi}^ai& •s^&^pai, S^an4) GM&Ou Qoji l^^

5%u f^L-iii^cH^ &tjji:s>fittJ}(i!i(J)ih QiinkijSj^& G&jt&ibA,

Gunfi&s,(n^Q ejp\ifiCb U)^u*(i) Q^uDe urTjjfrCuijiuCbi2>, 'cfta^ci© Ljer£n«u«ft

«(ft<3tofD O'urrcu 90G/«t ^rrrf i .^ QuOtrim' ad"/!) 5?fii)(D firfbiVcflw U>(D#

Q.?juaaa)^ saJ<9Jil)i2. ^lAjraL. ;5tlCJi_mT ^yf\^^* CTA/D tfanfi) u^aee/nTft

"caeiGGi^) &afi^QrDn(i} Gun&iS c/OucuSr

urrprTilL.CiUL.e!t&} oTcrrfffitft Qu&ihGupna crAaflhi^n^.

&^fp efpft&^i 0«fTtl£»L.a(t/^ fT«ft@(B {tfiea/Dsau^ J»ii^,^g3, u>;^pj#

diiP^^ iM m^ Gio4> ^cflCi Gurrft Q^Hiu €esBadi G^eaeiit^ Gi&aAO)

a^&^ar Gdlisesttn f^diQ(prT(b e^^Sf G^A^&j^ Gfim'JajrT0 iyfTrq %.nififk0l

0 u IT rftl Bf£5 ^cv n" tS,

cfhtiiyif) cftbGijLffl up^^anGts**56 erAp ffA&^ unL.& ^fiGioACi

Gunff^^^Ciaiu& ^&^&^ «(in2>Gurrft qrrtyjS lAsteo^j aiTeurrtlu«9i_

unCGunib sJli6!nm0 GPK).«ft@A 2.a&caL.iu Gmf^fiBih m/DC/©d> QWs^,^ 9<rf)-

Qu^p)^f^^^n& si0u(!fi<si.^&, e/<ft(i%j;(t ^^^sa&u f fifluJkww,

^arjBmEssfTff ,*^ lauCiunA ^iiaa^ o^m^,^ Qfs0l^fs

usw-<ft© GfBrri) er^con^ ^nearrulissiGm" 58 ^^oirruf s^ifd^nft,

fs^ Gen^ficsisa inaS^fDnft ueauttSecft ^f^S Q&n^t. f^eoaJib

£.£311- \jcsiLJi*^& "^^sitp^rrifi^ Qu0einiA cr«S(D otrD Gunrf\Si ^Gaeoci^

<AiU«£^$', *U£!atL.(uflJ' 0 un'g^arr6ft@t2» Gioib* erSp &>e^^ ucsiL.&&eo&e&

ea&uS^ JjcSeurr t^eonXb u onset can 0 nfflttlatTala^&)& <%d''fi^^, ' &aflapf!J}/^e>

^fStf&fpsi^ " &slSe\fp0\(^& Quvftfid> &ncBimA&^ aL.Ga"59 et^ro L;a>v3'

urrucuii). rglssteacip^^^^e, 'ucuufiOL. 90QI/D@ s.fiq(P oA& j||£U(t e^ihoirrii

ef^ srryflfy* er&iD Senfo 9 0 oVoA^ Gunft^ Q^iuenwi &Sf^§i,

9 0 oTiTt iS&& s^rj^&u&Ss GoiS^&U&ih Gunft QffiiQieafiA sJnb usaa&if

uesiL.^^Si'th, ^l^ih ueni-Gou Giasntb ^A eantlcieSiS^ ^fi^ndt ei^^^ff

Qjs(bi&Q&niq.aj r^lSftQ^ih QjB^Srestuiu q{B(&u)/Dfi(0i2> €{&

er^& jsn^ucsiL. a/DiSut-anw ^gfkuwnih, nfpjsn&T Of, Li^fs^du^^,

usuL., Crj;$ »t«K:«)Wr QffS>au QuO^anffityiS Guiihunil.i>sH-Hiih &niLOye)(san&&

fsn^utoumih lu rr an fa CiuenL, Qu(l5iSfi^^fb&ffku^rTSQ[ih G&J^^A

§'ihestu^jilsstB:s^ &m^iuni^Cbt Gunif&sar^^) luneaesuSSx Qjriu& ^denuO

Qu^eaGfi ^^&€S>(D a&Bf

^mpiun^kfkiftihA uuns/a/knAstb &&^pecrtf, GurrifCiuiJI^^ Qu^p unsMs

§ip;&c!io}&G&^u^ ^i&uL.# eiffujeon(!>Wih ^tu^LiastuiuSi, njrT6a0CiusaL.mu4

ssi&ujtTBCb QPaip ais^mianss ^Apna ^^jis^Aarosi^ iJtS<srra> ai[janes'^

«2fls/r<ftc-:f>< . fBHûaiuiifdi ^ûCtuGOL. efkasjQ)rT& ^lU&QieiS'» '^& ê/dîz

i^i\0irr&e\ih G^GsjnQ> ^q-tfA Qfftu&uiboi&t^^dunihGurrei) e.jd^ !^ ^^a^tl

e.a)i7u>^ anyfOujn Qito9i"63 CT^^ A&^nA, &^p ui0^0^ e.rfkjQina tijpfsn&r 0uifiS> i3j^& unL.&aA cd^sr .

CTfSiGfid Qffaimii ^4&S" 64 er^fp n(!>i^unL.o)e^^ G^ft^fi4^^QfBnyf\i>

(p ftGi«A<9ftftcif), (f^rtoiaturrff), Gfifie^Aiaea&iiuii ei&ffi QuiuiT(AL.<s<ft

dfiA G^fi^nem t iMGfiifA&aeioei <9fti/ Qfini}&nCiLJiu^ soa^adf (*^(ti3

CU/rrf (y>KJ. ;S / ^ Q ) i

êsuojk&ênsi* ^CiGunrflS> Gffny>A Goiû-^/puêasO GiudScfliD^sSIAstfîli

Qea^ffKi Li&Q&ib e^nfifi QffG)€n>h e.6aL.u @)^i7&d^ Si^^^fi&& u>(pi5iififta i!b

(]/rr(t(>i6Err (>> aeM^Cl Qu0S' LadHfêiiTfi G^nA GunAiisdQufifD Gurrif" Qfiff^sSr QJiQi&@Qitrff\&fi^ A.&^0osi, uimtLftb GoiGoiâf Gei/iÂ ^QadSth

oiancu oindk'o «fL.&^ LfaA urrii^Si ^q.uidiidi3i Qu6cuorA Quftp i tfl ~ G€a^^(3iL.iu fBnibs^ Sajfifl srAtsm&ih?"66 gfiPOurrdp uco unuA^ih Curr/t-GPe) ^ r^soiM &citj^^ s^L. ^rxC^teijaai a(b0&&B{TiLQ}^fpai»

LicstatBnilsau^ ^&AZ>!JIU{T&^ caeniSi j||i^^rrc& ^duana Gcjji^A

jsnCbeimai^ ^uJilibA ioi&n®^0ai Q^dt^asaat it&^na& ^SHeaS u^VCi

"iErrioiwiltB' &\s^&uns^ix ;5rr(i)Q«u QeiffkjjjjSiJl

uJLA«':2)f(TA «(!ff«a;5 0'/7rT<& t(lP0 Qfij^awr Q»U@I1> Q&fTHiBih afka^^ih uapUkeies,

Qcj^l^ Qu^ro Cc/^flt!' U63)aain1A Brreaeoaniajt^ jsf^f^tu&esieiC

urrt? (n<F(&G/rT<S», aoflPaorrr^ jS^fitghteo&it! un0G)ffiiiuCiuC.Q> s0^^uu(J>^&s>eo

Gsnj^^ GunrfCib QGit)(&, G^rrc&c/) Qui)ff)fr.ne>Jb &s5iip&Ct sfsnia&iBQflit^eaeo,

Qunrilio ffibuiLL. U>^<S@K). aiDj^^rflfi sf&wsi Gun([iij&^ S»em\^rf\^is va^^v^

£.(f)u^ er&ii^Ci £êuêsi(D ^mpGiu '^&€orT&Qfi&cs»eo, CP^&^^ncu ersaGîh ^ d O / ^ r r r t .

&(Si!DS6i9^ ^i)u^e! &csitD&&i GunA(!fiei.ji^f^&)ttSl& &nai6on^th asn&sntL^

ffisrrrreF-fljA iM:u^& &snpa& CurrftO'isjjsj j^eoB^err r:rrCsf-^,i^Ci (3u<»a«!rc/n"«G(iL

^U^^L~& aeseaam ^y>!^fl> ^di^^ fssSkuna Qf*tlt!). neothijafsp (J^eiunae)^

aeaea^ &en^^ ^fD^fifltBn& ^nwili ^v^in if&M& eT&li> Siatih r^w,

Gurrft&>E). Lfi3r fsnC^dt) Gurrr/tf fglsnaoina fsm-QuHtih ^v^

^tfi&& ujjniifi «AQ«urr(&" 70 erAm QfsrT&^nCuJiuA *fl'arf,

sftjefHi sjD&iit Qff&^euA, G^(f$^ aAmeo& Q&n^ib oKStvA, £)arraarrt ^

fSutiutlL. ^^&i(t@Ci ueJkJllib ef^n eT(b^6i aufM Qea0(M Q^mit&emaiA 3iG)b-M S^una^uft, U€iflQ&n^^3i el^n aQ}^&& &ijsi\^ fB&onia Gixfm aitsneo eayfltjCbQifi,

Ga&n ^& u«ufiB«" 71

"un&esiL. imm^ u£i&sa£B QffA^0

g)<5f? /B CueiGiT «<&fi»A" 72

Siv^-dtGeo ;5ILQ:>^ Q ific»Lorr<95 ea^(jMift, Gunif&e,en^0& Qufr0*uL.(fc

Gfsnfyfjiuj r(^&&Q>yfLrr(b G)!J6OTT^W'&^ iy>(&utlL- sn'eo^^ cui^4<5^ i)(34A

^^^jrT£' Quiurt<S(rf)3<>A euLCiirrtlQ} (jPen/DdsdtHiJ!! u>a(i}^isa<fi a r rmi^-

udurrPil) ';5(i>A£&' jyeouit^L; (ui^Ci? {ifien{!)a& ^Apat^ih Q^nuA^pa

1 , ^,un6D&CiLJkJUX!!ihjA,^ei)AiSku eanoinV, u - 3 4 .

2 , Q^fT*,Ourr(!5<llr,^flfrii,u-5 7.

3 , &,Si^,urT&)»Cii^uxifkuSi,sAa ^&}^<^^^ t/j)t>«ufTG5*,{j , 3 ,

4 , Tai::il Lex iGon.Vol .V.Par t - I .P*2809 ,

5 , Qfsrr&,QurT(3>&» mih, u - 4 8 7 .

6 , Q^fr6&,Qurr©A.'JuufT,u-4 9 7.

7 , Q^rTiS),QunQ&,}B^ffff ,^ei^^a»9ttJkj^y (iA*«>si)iT, u - 1 6 -8 , Q;Errc5. Ourr©<ft ,g|OTtl>,i i-5 7.

10 .GJ .•*,Lj.'i5rresfl4«'J>»^u|54«fT ^ ^ , u - 1 2 2 .

ll'i.suftPtStad), iFa5« §|fl>A^ lap^^at, u - 2 0 3 -

12;«5.Qpj •UfTcu«i3LftriiWiftu*,«y/S« ^ea^^^^ L^pOOufr®^, ' j - 2 3 ,

13'.! jDi2> 7 6 - 1 , 2 .

14 .L fDtb - 68'

1 5 .i piS.'yj6u(y)t2> uaiiPiu JL.^iia/A, 6 8 , u - 1 6 1 ,

16.t^pLb 2 9 5 : 5 - 8 . 17.Q;SfT£t) •QUfT(!5A»®CTl2», U - 7 2 .

l9,^flrciy?<K«iml ,u«S«aL.^ >5u4P«t QufT®flflu^ Q/rrtiJ cBffi, u - 3 .

Gurrit ;E«ioijfi/(9. a><sty<2»,U''10 7. 21,e)^rTf&,e)urr(5<ft.59, 6 4 ^ 6 6 , 6 9 , 72,75,7 7^

22 •5)j5fT6i),Qun"C5<ft . 6 0 .

23 ,3in ^QaneJ^fzA, UfSiiau^^US^if Gun^Qjssfl,U''75* 24 ,<;)^(TpO,QurT©<ft-62.

2 5 •G)^/T«i),Qu/T©fiy-6 5»

2 6 , Qf^rr<*),nunro(f!-6 7-

2 7,0;srra»,QufT(5A, 70*

2 8 . Map of I n d i a , Inol'icxn 800lt 3)epot, Map Houie,a>b"i-H/, 2 9 , Q ;5fT «&, u rr (tftr iK»-S..

3O. ' i )^ =!»?•* «rr^aa, 7 1 - 7 2 .

3 3 , a ^ A 4 26.1 8 0 - 8 4 .

3 4 , u^£>,13.

3 5 , £l;srrd).G)ufT(5*»g|«iril>,u~83.

36, L/i2J/i-17^;i^

3 7^ Q^srr* Q u a o A 5 8 1 4 - 5 -

3 8 , 0;S/Tt&,Qurr(l5<ft,^#<?lt u - 3 2 7 .

Gurrit /EL (q. £3)aa (&, U ' 5 5 .

4 0 , Q^rrt&.QurrCJ&.glCTib, u - 7 6 .

4 1 . ^a^^ lun^/S^Uf L /p^^t lQ) , 76 5 .

42". o);iEJTd),Qufr0«* , 6 8 .

43', «||Xr<fi«.j3)xTrru)0ft5«ii, ^jfia êoA^JiÂ Oet$fii^,êBa0n"2,U'3O2,

45, L//D^. 5 2 . J 1 - 5 .

4 6 . L/;DI6. 7 7 . : 9 - 1 1 .

4 7, 45)(b.2 9 8 -

4 8 , @fl)<ft'.3 8 1 ,

4 9", L;a)iJ>. 6 2 . 6 3 .

5 0 , •^a^rrsy fl» 36-125,175.

51, si^ia&',^pnuieJ&aditff&a ^Q)^^^0& ^oij^fsd u 4 * 1 7 3 - 1 7 4 .

52, H0ib,9,

53". @f l )* .774 .

54, @(D^',780*

55, QfBQ)t5&"171-172»

56, &&^SI^iTa)a-3 99,

57, &p(h,698.

58, Lfpih 2 76',4'6>^

5 9 , 4 / D i i . 3 1 2 .

60, q:Di}>, 55,:7-10»

6 1 , 5?I.urTcu<»dLftTU3(rtui2>, uJ^ ^ 6 u 4 ^ fiairfl)rTffli.u-16.

6 2 , Q^rrA.OufTOi^.DOTti. u - 1 9 2 .

6 3 , j | « i l ) , 3 8 4 . : 9 - l l .

&^ ^ 4 5 ) i i , 6 3 .

6 5 , Q;5rrc& Q u r T 0 A , 6 1 6 ,

6 6 . L j ^ A , 6 2 , 6 3 .

6 7^ mtPflD/T 1 2 3 -128-

68, 4 f f ) i2> .392-9- 1 0 -

6 9 . W^fT*. W U I T O A . 6 2 .

7 0 . O^fT* .C)LJfTi!5«ft . 6 3 ; i 9 - 2 1 .

7 1 , ^a&~.6 7 : 8 - l l »

72, 4 fDA,264 : i - 4 -7 3 . g|.«^;G;jTCPd;i;^.p5G)«*8't2> ifiu^aauGPJi.Ji^'j^.

• • • •

Q^nSiauBSigciai BiusarrififEOinrs QuQihuneon&i ^L.&aaf)& iMu^Sf^nft»

Simpselk^j G"urrrfki6B Q^ili^A et&ro J OTO/ISU gjeHa/JujA jloiiaaJiDSi.

utfief^ Lj«>fii(I3i2> u/r(|i@pijf u A r t ^ ^

urTtt/^(iP(i, "u<ft«il5uL.a>ih GPê^ ffjrre cairtsn" ^ Qîi^ wo/ûmofTSDa)

9^^4' ,<5burT^, QiSL/fDt^Qurr©^ wcj«SumJ5rra>w^c:ii^ Q^n"a)<s;friiLftuii

(yj ssn" 6urr ^ . ) t CT*iy siiPQi if ,

uwoDU ;cjcuA«Sfia m& €ti!^^^QffiifiSi*^6 aAuit tflrr . £rrT«FU)rr<Efl4«OTrrft,

u>nr£ii «&<3Gsnrr(9 ^^iSiih^^est^&Q s>rtA(b QuxDuirraicia^ eiaiTcurrdk*

^T gurra^fliuiti: ^ a . . — — — — — —

^ajfTfT. ^^Gjft j|B}.jurrft4© /F«5cjfrff, un1C?toa)tf«it, (JuxrfTtfWuft ^^CTifiuirewjt,

L/ji3ijiQufrc5<Jr QeufSiumanaaeJiMi QurrSte/frai QurrQfSt ^atuiCisstu^

gasmencst&\un€.& arraieurrtS, 9c3QG/n"(5 ^lisea, &6Sipse»enniili yj ei/'K)

Q^n<^^ii^ "SifEfl, 'Qarr^'aflft mo& ^oi&seaih ^Sf^rrft. ^kixaamifii

ui-cyii cT&llf QuuirfllCb^ennft, •0«sBrr©' fltoih c/fcr^^uis). foio/ifturr-

ttifTtji4«* Qff uiytlatJDCT j aDar i ^^QA 65frLl(!)«CT/T<5B g)ju(3fffly<5flf7(T/t, g )^ -

STf eon^Moift *QaiiL^)uSi& lait^aaej aa/teo^, c!i <9%/JA taif^estej &n^^,

^^^fjcimA ss)auu0ufi& Qsn&iQili ÔÂsih QaiiL^âsiea ereauuChih,

"Qejdififl Gsi^^^ udHûÂ ucmiMfffkîh

Q<5^difd} aAilfiaam ^Ji^^&" 8 €T^U& ^o)Aaesnh,

*QaL.s%jn6a& usa&ojjj^&uGes! Gurr/fdiffdituA ^Q^ofsfro Qea^gfh

u) (D&fiaiC.] iiiniiiurTC.i^.enssiiqss>utu ^liucaiB&ift f^^^o) Gunii ^ft^ih

^gHl^ffScaettA ci^Ciu^f!f\& Qarrestftj^^Si* t@<&, " Q^rT&snCiiJiBjffA©

a/kflfiirq is^.ziuiuJI^) yJcj-iyLorr «T«7 ofkf^^ Uailurt", ^Aaih Qejulns^ Q / W # ^

Q&iLL.d), r^S^îh untf^Â vfiêJkjsn uaS.3)L.4i &neo^&Ci QuQoiifiM^&ffine

QuQ{:P& Qu(Ai!i.ft esflM^ <^u",

" fftCJeT ea(3@ei(t ^rriuft erdiGurrii

;siim^ jsAQionyfi QaCuait sfisanA" 10 er^fD fiH^snwjS

ufTL.«6 :\-.-^^^ efkfii"^ GaiLL.&, fsdOLanyfi OatlL.* cilP^Âeêm êatt^pA,

ai «? £ (2>* gjdiQfVftacft A<iic/^Arr<sd niD^Gfi ^A^Skl&i&sh Gun&

f^^p/f&A .2Je!?bij«oftt fs)(l5i5LA_i&, ^^ik aneaA ^axuu^gfi oi^d^f^^

Guns, er^SrflSicfiA \j^^a&^^& rglB^ih, ^si *u<?^ mrr^lDi '€T&&th

aefl^fsrr(beji\\ ^ihesui eflBihUICSturrit ^a)arGi(94©t^ U'^&s,asiai^ toianeoL.-

ujeif^uA, 9^(!>!^^ &(fflBarT(!i&& fi^SitsiGiunrflBtih iS^0kin&& Qarr(i>i!}urt.

fAS^fiih ^rjJkiicift&eRaiCi U(Ti7rril(i).i3 u^&^itt Q&n'sbCiufi, eiisi. Q&n(L\buaestaiCi

urrzTrTtlUx rf • i2> aeaatflA Qff^&&& jBdissnoaKb {Jits^JH^j^ QumiStlCi),

jftp<s^ maaVt GeiieoGeifsfiu Ui&GfsinQ> eoHieM^^^nibdi/t»

Q^rri^ si&i& eamadwo^^ Geajj^^an^ VotHuCQuh, GQi0uL.nui&iih jictn^-

Qui>(pos\^S. Si&^ai eresieoniht u^ Gun&g) t.uMa(B&&^ ^wfS^^^^

^iuS>fDCiijC.ib{h, ^eUkstu Qaniti:zmuJI& Q^nmam^Jiajs, &nei^0i> ^<S>f^9

(S\GiC^'^^Steft ^ciSk»!J&sMn& searf/t^aaia SH(^^ sp^estfs larDoitfeA

er&ud 'Jiiuemrfl^aifTr'f, ^ihitmnQ) uirri>uCQ>Ci ucs)L.eiibfs& enfifi Qeiil^

" ^ iP GSLLi b l u O / ^ J WUIUl1";SXX»3 OUJUjTfTS

mêa^ iflpCiuXtunii, ^êirr4) uiAesi& iâssiifittiih eopeonftP^ ^Dauaî2>

^CnA<ffd LDnâ^ QoiC^WlBSif Q&it0n4i sîjfi&i^^ âiesuSA sif^^QisiA

i2> fi./D d}ssft&&\^ u3i^asasn& Q&rTQ>^^di), fiUiA&ii uS^^A Gurr&p

LoeSiC!S)R3(fsnCcs)L.^)m&du^ilii^^ei}& a(Q0ajSi ai^^^ksm ^@ih,

"QieJksnQttjrreF, <5o/fe'«®tft sr&^^&nii Q«n5u(f)flJl3 qjToflkyixk G0l^Cb Q&n&enC^

eu <9Q GQij^fB&fyiS QGI00)£»IU «0®^(D QiBni)(DctnQieaiuoji!i Gunft

jneuftsigi Q^iu€\}nd> GjsffL. c d o usa&furflfi ^yfkJi^^ ^n&^kiiih urrC^d.

eJbm Gtiui) ffMtt ude).

eT&eiiLiui- aflLu 3i{i>^ G/)s7r at&

^\&&^i.fi e>naSfb&^ Q&&&fflS> {ifsn^fpO

uesiffMft&Qnm (oiQJsip lapeaft&eaen la^Gprrft i^e^atft, 9(13 lafDotA

ufTrjnC<hcaft, gjda/Vrf'ffiajaT^ M^rrAL. €56}. dPfsimenfaCi urr/rmltoa/rf .

fU utsniuCi uITjTrrtlCbcurt. ^ei&^'O Hpu&nCisi.QiunA iS& Qea^mcfkunfi

urffeflw Qufl^e/ft.

d&ssift ^Q^Ci ^ usstaeaeajj jitsfuaSku^ 0<7 iu< i2>, euenfiest^ ^!^& iSAibib

&fT&&il) QufT©jl(i» er^OuSi «n'ift^OurTit.

UOTL. €ayfl 3)fii# anCsuft, a r r ^ ^ GQJ^^A eu^^lsaih *(ifl, ^rriftqptiutlc.-

GfBnA^ ',:)ffebG>eiftbei}rT&, efpff&cf GeafifhA asiamni) \^iir-,^mCi QufiS'^

"G&CLKi.Giun QiTTi^rTsac urr^m/pi3

U^-OanSj '^&io)!D&(if sisapufih

LQij^jnii^ ^S^sstui ^ipWlBsiii @JJG " 1 7

er&p q/Di3urrL.ct)&).£S«7Sp& sneaeotTili, ^ih u) £UftiS®i£©# ^fk^ usau^aoiih

ea^^ mpeic^p sT^^^ ;g ^ia0 Gun ft en eSlBDuaeaiu eieit&fl!iuQ)^&a>A,

9diw«/rr(3 G/VOJ) ^I2> (andS&0aini> ^c^nsGsa usnaeasstfj ej^ftCtuft,

Gunf(&&a\^^ g)a) 5"UL*.t_ Ui(S>eaeS^ ^esmcsimf^ unpmL(batn,

SieamB âeoaiaj& Q&n&djk^ e^ni^&&& sinêfl iiRijUÂ biunQit aifiiêunA,

^Aeaeai^ih Gffft^&&Q^rrAQ> cu/We'fDtSufTA,

s>n^^ lopoiS usa^^rt &.uirf# )siuut3 QuronS oHi^dLiAeaeau dknjj^s

^fJiftlSCiunii, &sn^^ ;^!D/!>ffuCGi-rTeia(sii^ (sum&& arrsuA ioiffSjfi(a)fsAuA,

(o)&neaft^^ LO/DC/A e.L.ffl)fl)i3 Quit Q^nCjuff er4is^iSi, w^srr^r.'/j/^t^ 3i4>^

iS^L.& erS&iii 3i£iaiif, ^evs^^nif, i2un(fKS&>uC.(b eMs^oJ& J^rdifparflA

<9%u QuAs& eBeaeaSi>L.& ^i3q@^^ iDnitei&, ^k> QuA&A

Qunfi&&en^^G}Qaj ^L.A&& QeaetH^sa aib^^^ fi& LonflLflA wff^^0^

0/Err#^Gurr./ t .

UilL.mfDrjrf si'aOTiJiqA ^s/rlffi^snt-iu @^jTtt/i^ efn^ca^ajA L/«t^«j»t, U(3)ffi-

aOeJlffw '< «c;pi2k 6s eJuJ|/( <SEGiigi{ui2>

QiffAQtDdfl <9 &>i2> u<^^i!» u£ac9a/(&

«r(ijq/2> ^iHiiii mipafkr^ amsttudfiih

^i7iT^^64iJ &.GpfTUirj§i (iP^mestaeiniu er^daO ueD€assi& CffStfSc&^tm^

^i/JP/BrrtlCbA G«fTtlai)«-«firfkt> (DuAOu^tfi o/b/firffeT ' ' 2 0 frdfl) fa/;5,£)ufT,'i?.ufl<«^

j]^ir^««jft& QurrO;5;5i3uil(i> g|05<S5eufrii, 4/DOwurr(!5«5r QeajfturrLorrano

curr€i2> uroeaO) Qff&&}4 QîianA, Qurrdêan^ &4^bi&Ûi£>rr(:iH€D Q^î&

ueae^eadi ui^^cuA esi&Ciuii)S>A 90x7 G;BnA/&u& npuuibth Geu/i^f^esinCti

Qun'(!$(l''ip^ >u).iu e4J>to) uxTtsnOoSiuiji LjaL0c/ft, G;)^<SE4 dZ7u<(tan'(ZKu

^iO(ui3 Qurr6<ft ^nif^^ Stestroaa ^cai-&srTG)ji&^ ^n&&Oi eraeonih,

u t l u i 3 « ' " 2 2 ei&uft @ ,Q6a ,urTeo^iiLJiJtDidlhu4i,

i^fD^Gû^ên &tTe^êirTC(bi^ uea&ssnu GPjiAu&).;&£' u ) ; ^ jffEtf'kASr L^/D^&ÎJ

^«tPT*ffifrrj.T)€u Gi^fkiq-^Si LQ^JSI &dSscsien4 snft^^ .'JPcarf. e^Gsj

un^^M, ejG^&ib e^ Qurr<B^ efy>Uun^ Qftu<s9 iSsAQ>ib e.L.<ii Gff<Bih,

^pnii^iJ &^^k3^ eTuft^sft GurrrfllQ? QQ;*«/»t-.

"2.(ui1'q ^a£ui2> ^tmu) (I3s>nii) l /t/EfTf& QEfl

jsnQ>&Si e:.l^&ttjna3L.il Gunrftbih, ^4i,\&ii^ io)iBn&^0kses{iIiS} <*fDOuu

(i/)ils/TL_fT«i>il)UK).# to><?(&cjrf. Qej^jflifeS^ <ffirrrr(5fti)rr«' Q«rr/Jfl)Qirrfrflkffl«»

Qeai^^GstessCi unpnCSb&ft, iSunrfiSi Qjsn^^ Qeaj^^A ^i^CO)^

QurTffa(!3^ SiihoiuCi iJi<S%iu Gaifi^A ^esi& uss)L.idl.ih

Caji^e^ Qattiiasli^^Si ^maeSiGauieaujCi urT[jnCQ>eiit» @^piM

(JJBSJ& êftfrj& eêaOsa êaesieaaanaÔi ^&ft^^&<&^, mpaiA êid

uipat^ 9C5a/<fr u«)«il}u;:?)£_tt/fai3)iT^ (oisn^Of Geucsie}^ 0fi^S ^tLibcitrA,

LipiiQ&rTQ>^& ^rjfT.nzT# < ^ ^ ^ ;5(i>i3u/t. ^u)5» Lorr<t enuiji iAnfp^

e.L.A ^csirjuM urn^n^ ^6n6'J)^& e.L.&Xb ISQI4)S^ ssifsii&CiQu^Si'^mT<jdf»

atej^i^li fB&os'.nmaf et{b^&"2 5 erdifo &pA eift i L/fift

ei^p *^&&rTii jêo* ^&sa(!)S!iiuitîJi upCiQurrQA QcKûfrianiiuo)

e/2»a)ui3 Gurrcfit' '~)^eanSf ^ ^ i r i i U k s O t b uurr/JiCA eaAe^(k

uj cTcfltfr G,2fti;,i<!' ^(tjftirt-; tMGcTu,'iI> efffifa^ oflpeSku^afi ^(baft,

Gunrf^ ^^po) a r r t l t . G IXAK). €ifL.n& Gunrfilib Qai/tfr.A&^, aiV<ta<fr

GîJLOfTil @L_<ftG<5;n" £i;5(D^CaîJ6urTÂ, C*fTi, «!' GGJ<8u.*.ff)L-<*'

firriii^ ^iMad)tun6J&? , ' crdip unuiiih QG^ GuTTif&&6n

u frt_t3 u(lCi>«ftfi)) 07.,

ei&S^ uxTcs rt

Surrff<Si.,CT^/?lw larrfiftCL.fr59xj-j^^'Sifi^^rTrf"26,

4^((p^eu QaeiX^WJ)^^ ^ D L J A T J S ' curTfinfiiurT^ib.

. larrfiiiurTili;:^!- CLO(fi£l«fTfift(i) ^owuQiuflftyjS &L.&Gun&f!} Qurfku u«)L_uJk3)«'-

gcjcjfTona^ flbiKfy GurrrtiiPfiBfDflDiu* <9»(DfTg? Gunrftt OcjfS^JI

Qufftp Grj^^ft?k^ a^iSaiuiytS tuVrtSfla* woj/Bjifl^ -sflJipiJiOTUjyA fiitf«c;^rr«(Jo

^J>Q;5fTtftjrre& i^J^fs ISeaevneSi ui&&eM' Qea^^h^tud urrCije/ft, j^/ifkait,

frU;srt"<55fiiQ* <KL_ ^u) uQif^fffhuCt urrOfiiff, ffn^Gpm/f g)a/d>ariutjr

4«0«/ f t , e.6u<L «(i& G)urrujui)uIT(i3«M u^/iftinar /^4«9 uu)iu«mu

^arDiSQurrCSfflXir ejftcnuJOujiS'fii' ejzartoirf. i^dqojffi cjrri5^cj)«uA&

;^('îS sidiuâi^ &Mftj^& ^^&as& uÂ' jâsS ^ f f t t iuf iJc/ f f , ty<#--

9(!3 Geaf^fB03i 9(ip^ai2), q ^ QP^eSkifii^cap ^nnitijj^Si

a ^ aTpt^d^^^ ufTL.fT«ft ifciKaiurr@i2>,

^erAOiscTii urTfiJffifTflJfT^ Q/<ft<n«9flBUiu;t& j!f([5®ffl)t«g)toa,'ii erdtg^^sufp

CfiaxTCJO ^ ^ g)CTJl>|JiTfli!rft, Sj^^sftjisaanjuA "«L.fli«fr eani^ ^&eii ens,

eaate.iun^^i'] o-frtfj ^^&Gsfi , i^pCiQunQih QetifAunuinsstejaM unun(&

Q u rr ^JR/lu u L_fi) 16 r

uc>^k!: !d»K( -<^^0 Qun&eanm simpsaien^ <oi^rT&^&i& ^A>s>fpsi,

wurr^aAupurrco, arr^a^lS O u r r f f / b ^ u r r « u , (iPrf sacuii Qun&ofhuiiurTe)

Gun^syt^(ufsitl)u) , C G J A I J , 42Ht C ^ I J ^ ^ ) ^ ^ @6uiiU(&««!nrT ^snt-tunrwi-

&i)QeoQ}^i^, jirrnCLi!)., jstLO) siea^ biutu&ih s-QejiiPtli er\Q(i>^4i)l

jBQ}&i>:^co rjc3fjQ^ U&mft j(^/ft@4 Ca/Tttflft «95il(t^^ er&ua QurtSt-

Cu/TrAiiJuili_;3rTA s-^qasnAr QiP;R^ «CBQ;«&, meoaiGfl, ^nit, &n^.Q)&,

ttOet) .:7)rj 0 Q u (T j3cftu<J).r

^aaeoa^ fSc^eoeJkuft <5i(_ci1wfT«t) sjfiiSt_rr<?T m ^ ^ ^ u J S ^ ^{Deb, CTCDOJ ft

(^uj^HiM^ •s^p cu* GeaaintSi saeoeasM iM^nea s.sst^daiiu^ih

<»muiGs>iutnih ^tiiil^^&l ^tu^sa&d i^ft^^nM) ^saeue^kBu^A

u(b^^6itS' otaA^kiemJUi ^.C^JUL. iadl0Siu^(^ i^ea^^^tSiu

CT^git^ ^T)p^e)flrT ejemeuluOKU e}nss>s&@rfkussi,

c;fTf;8ffi^Q;KrriffturTnT& o/nrffiflaA, la/fiGurrft ujfljejrfkft UJ/DA,

'iSl i_<4«nr6U;&:S^ Qcuiftiau/flasrfbrii g)L.ifti»ufPfffl55«ft^i srrocufTA,

«u^<39, E,tiPTn)g), ^'i2>fl!)u, fii/Tsas, a n r d ^ , UfTL-rrflft crtSfl G^^lexi

CTtJiiU QrjAacs Cr)cu^^fltti# Q<?iDtt/<i&>u«ft)^ ana) gjiu^/rftyiftOTfrrt.

Lf.p{jiQua'j^ Qcj^un mniste^^ ^(i&afffi Qumi3&£3if^^& &aeso)n:h,

er^Wijb, QJ41)^'^ ajfln sjieu &n^^ erdnitib, Qron<^ifl&& mBHsaneu

e4Plfj)t> ei^mtih ^m^&A ^oam^^/A'CTrrrf, 4^t3QurTC3A u^/lflu

^tJ JSr ci/l5 L^r)uLf,T)& u^afltua cancn&, unundSi, Qunwdh^ 6i^.9(h

^siiiyiDth «nfl5A«ft3)OT, io\uG)^^cx^ er&lifCb Qund^ûL. ^âaui^S'êiinff,

uiLq.iucae'j LDiKbih ^trfbtCd)^ f9om&&& 'wsfTi^' g|(?j*£5<^%V2 tlu

Gun&&&Ci uesiu&A lyjstSuto/i ^u^^, ^neann^&L.&

CTfTft, Sujcrrrifl^eirrrf QeuC^ ^ffeuib, a/j/t/^a^ ijiiea A,<Ji» iShujBiW/aib«SHi

Sfpeiiih, rjiTGDffi ^'ffc;ii er^SH :Jijlisi êxUBelfl^ â^ârnj^, ^cioiti^

;5rr«^G6fr«M

£.3ii_s/rTfli)OTiyi5 CurrftAssmI) Gisn&ii^ Qff&eo^ Q<ytflc»rT<S, QfiJ

>fe)CT«fiflE5 ' ifffliytftCTrrft. Q£3 iJii>«rrcu;&;^ tflUn"fTT6& (»c<;J;5rta;«ftft

GjsjJis).^ _scaeoiu(b iM^^sinosaujA &mlQ>sS(DSi erencomh,

Mej^dfl&Qff'rrefien y>B).u/iI> er&Wi Gea/^^eiSLih ioiunri/fl^&l ^sesfLopojA

earjî3>^ e.ud>ej(!i& eljJtf&A urr!JnCi^Î eaijsaem ^dûenuaJkaOih

<9îjiiJV^;5ft). r^tqîMafl QuidieieSl9intLu-eb - ânei Guniip aij^sianuoj

"^a)e\)^rzne}t Q/ECijC-.ltorrtf'l ^srfrQcnrCt) L^earT^cu

cJfewFCiO t/«3ic3)6>j4 s^^iestp isuneo

90«a<l ^ntu^ QuO<3)u)Cc;^5l) 34

Siesta ^UfB^lu QufHssiUi

0s5t;3&eô fLB^neSiâiii u^dfiu (o)ffiuômii upaieonad io]&TTcSi(bênsi,

Qej^fû$){D Qea^êS^ U^rflA QfiA&ih iM&& wûinfpan^&Hi,

csiin^cefieirft, SSiuesinrfl^es:mf S't&anu, Gineas^fSi^mstiflA ^^Q&ij^-

(jiSiQq.uJkcieafrsiGe'jfr g)Ouurf , Q^n^AnCiLSIu& &rT^^^sisxc:,aJijb

' / ^ { T ^ & Gtjsguci^^ GeujI^fiiQeinQ} (tps@(q. tjo«tlurr(i> <S<5%/

' u>«<n iQ&^fi,^* SissifDluemm^soften&•, **unrfkMaesieMi unhcmaiii G&CUb

^cM^^TtaGtu cj&^L-ênnif» soJâi^f Q}sn4^, OTS^^êir,

uiLOj&eneai» 'ZiiuesnTfl^mnff ^^jsn^.^ Qutun^A ^«f^;£5«^ 0cmi&A

£);!5rra>ffin-i!iL/lui Qejil-gT sOgnfiauiK) *ffftu ^Jboft"/'"^i^lt-w v&^

QunS'eJku^j fkc«i!S\un&>& ^f lu^rrrf . g)ijiQurT5'Q/ba/tt ^asm^&^ ^^asa-

«(i>4(&il) Qurrgtorrfii76B)rj , aTtu ^cxa&d^A^ latlCbA QufT^a/rrcrGnai,

CTrrrf ,

Q^rr6v>«fTt3L/bft -ftcfliy' *" ffCT/DsoftO 9 0 ^koci^uflil)^ £3iuc:rrrl-

*e>^nif. Guui f^€D, Guii&^n^^ er^&Ji, Q^BHCL. GH^^,

^Ger.nQ}& (iiB^iQcnib^ ffn{i^0SiSx[^ s, /J^*), (fi^&yfisste, ff^n f^^A

et&fp i{0ii &Gsin}&es)enA <si/i:fly«ftflrrrrt, Cihesiu^^ersaJliS} G^tfuitDui,

Q^srr^smiLflurt oinsaa^ ^iBstauIHb &{!fkn^en SIIBJ.65 J^^^

una), <srrti>iS js^^ un^ er^p &^p&6S)€n ^vjamrfl^esinsf ^pofliisneo *

1 , Q,<5rTcu,J)u/T(3*.;B#'£Frf , u . 6 .

2 , 4 ,t)irj .torr ..gi^ . u r r • 4 - 6 u , l ,

4 , Q^rreti .G)ufr(5<ft , 6 4 1 ,

5 , urr£u<»i!iL/Jaii)rafbdl',@ .Qc / . ^Faa QeuA^flu^^ 4fD i3QurT0«& u - 2 8 6 .

6 . Lorr ,,Q.crfT.yu)rTCifl$<5t5^

i4t <£5e;ri6UfTiU/ U . 3 8 .

7 , i; . 'oirj, Lorr. .g?^ , L.TT . U - 4 ,

S'i Lj'.QfiJ .mfT ,0€!/(l«Ert, 1 U - 1 .

9 . e^, Qfj ,L;/Ta)«»{3L/kr"»^^,^ra« ^eo&^^fSlS) LffOiIiQuni^di ,L}-2 50*

10 ,(M:-:ie)6uinlQ, 10~11, 16~17^

1 1 . 4 ,i.1rJ .mr r . <5fT^6j) - 1 u - 3 1 «

12 ,4 fDt i - 2 5 9 .

1 3 ,4,Q(rj ,u»fT ,6!j6al 1 , u - 4 7 .

14 .Lj.QflJ. torr, ea^^l - 2 , u - 4 9 .

15 »LI{Dlji,16 m

16 »q,Qej ,uin ,sn^j^l, u - 7 3 .

17,4fDi2>,2 8 9 .

1 8 , 4 .GJgy ,u>rT »Qrsn4^1 ,u"99,

19,<9aiji!>iv,15 ; 2 0 7 - 2 1 8 .

2 0 •<s^.uiTci}<:^uiikru»s/bfft*g!eu^«9u cu/reurrtf' u - 2 2 .

2 3 ,@/D<5r-74 2 .

24 , 4 , Qo , ujrr .fiJiSanu - I , u - 1 3 8 .

25,@p^ - 7 7 6 .

2 6 ,4 /Di2) .62 , 6 3 ,

2 7 , 4 , Q<rj , ijorr ,eifrai)«-. l , u - 1 6 4 .

30 . i^,Qej , u>n , ssi&^^kaen, QuOji^smes-'S , U - 3 S 3 .

3 1 . cj ,«s?u. LOfTCsaSatI), ^iS^&s,iT^d) , u A - 2 6 - 2 7.

3 2 . Lj ^QGJ ,ion , [M& asijj u - 8 •

33. Q^rreu.QufTOt^.eO'IS , 1 5 - 1 7. 3 4 . Q^rro^ .Qunr®<ft. 63 1 V-d,

3 7 . 4 P i h . 1 0 9 - 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 .

iJ>êJku& GumftJ^/rfiu <9%y Û).tûgû& S&^SI^S/MU eJi-JMi^SfDS^,

( c a s e s tudy )^3ieS}& udicjtu^ ^i^rflii Gunrfkjd!) kPeatps,^

ut:5;5;suJ}5/l aurTftiy)fii)/Da «r CT-auiLftlCijC evaluat ive )

.*t(&6!/G..:fr viuL/llct* ^uJciG^frC comparative ^GLO^'J^IT^TIWU

j^£OuM)t 3f>^^(!^ g)i L.(»(U E-rffCT e^^Waaui (Sei^WcDio mCibih

MiiSennun&ifJ^ih GufT(!i<ft<sfTfin CW^rruraraSift trtSii^, j/S sQjutOfjq L0(5ii-'J»

Uunrfkii QuuOdkjd) £^ii).du&siu&A ^tLuduCjues, e^dlQeundi

Qurr(3c!!)aj& &eijff{s&, er^rfkM ofkaenQurTi^^aaaar s^i^^& ^^{E

G)ufT(3«ftu£t) ,^q.Ciu.?s)i-^enn& j^fl9U)/S^'^«i«r, Gfumt, ujjaf A

ciaw)T(liraij icT i.'Viejn^iQ - (^rDrj/Tforra i}i7<9^ iX!Pi2)U>iifT«jr

î^^^ fî-& Gû^, rs^L.Qup GQ}Aisi.iu Cuirrf u{bflfl {iP&-

&I1K).(?UJ LUC fiiffeneififj Carruurrilcij joftajguuftfi ;si_^^i3Qui?il i JfJ

iSeaeas j^Ef«afl_,.|£J ji/iUcjtssA <J5n'6U(5<5<7ft5 js-^uQu^p t^pl^^hioii

(p u fTft a6)TfT.K4- "^^rreOamiLikurrrro) 'SifDi!iutl(:><ft«?rfi!r,

t T g^Q)Qif:n& s-^efiffj, GurrrftbGosnA ^c!!>L.ajrraii^ u^r,mijA

G^St&Qff.naî. CpUfTÂ toiea^fffl CRIGSE). jAS^îh unif^^^fîufh-

GurrfT GmfBQ«3,rT<ft(£yiyJ<8; e^^pdfi^^ <gTrDi!turr«s (»ii5f5Q<SBrr<t«iTii-

uiltj3«ff€ns:j. Qcmlal j^ ^Soiciuftu gTiftfOfffl^rneuiji U(5fffl& •a^/jAu^ Gurr«f,t»

ii)/5fD^^ar.7o5fiflty 'Siff)'~ ""ftfltUoTiCU. CufTftGPiS' ^L.mc,^ S-i£fl£3)€;l5

snCiUku QejtL^ CurrrfKi Gejj^^^ &€ojk&Qs>niii6nn^ /^eorntu ji/rjAu

GPii?..^^. Qi^if], SLi£'k3)«j, S'liaauO Gunfi&€ifi& Qej0^ff&^

««fk? rj,raa&&tluilGL. GurTrfil(hsfi(n(si(f, ^nfiu-^uatjCb uci)uS,-

fij*i7rf<5<fr Giiejns^u Gurrrrt lo^i i ;5«ftufT<SL5 CurTnll(.i,iL ^ i i srrdjsj.--

sOofhili Q^Tfrfl 2.L.«ti ufu^c;srr8ii(S Gurrnllfi)*^^!!^?^.

Currjf (y>ii).jS,«5 fiisjieouJ& Ocif5iEfE)u(ftGfDn'ff /5fr(i Oeu^fLi ;srTtljq.«?r

u^^cneJ^i, 2.iiJhrjit^& r/^^^enesfi,

Gunrfi^ Qp^^ o^rjft&cnaiCi unpnCibih jafpiuiT&-ih

erib^C €jy:^C.Q)(!iai6!'fi, js(ba& aQ>^^& (jPan/DuuK). u^JGaW

QcjiLifl flj*fTft««^ Gejj^^mnG) âtCiuCQiih, ênûL-mjîib

fj^if^ U(2it-<s56ft Gun ft QfinQ}&(i^th bPtSqA GunrfU) Qej(5{di

Gunnnc& ^(r)Ciu{b^&, c-iPTsne' GQj^âeF& suoênGunQ} sno^û

ejnaite:duL-&)iLb ^ usst&Gea^^esi^Li CurrnT^ Qsn&& oinesch-

Qfrrr^j^nOUki^^ g)# Qffoj^di @ ^ L f t l i _ ^SSQCJIT®

^^^amaA £)i&uH{D^ <otffiu^6s>6u& •aiiCaftl&iDCT. bifJ<!:fij|jiQuC5;J-

(SufT^ i;/Di3G)ufT0<S 6)cjfi5urru)rrfi!)£u ^tlLdiSSfiSJOJ. u*<i5ft5ut-6u4;t^^ii

iMupufl QaC.<^j(ei u)Sf^saeo arrf^ca^l euCif)^ mm^e^co sin^liifit

tfl«riJ ih&ti'î) GuneafD £îstro&ii Q(iI>SP AsofcajL G/krjA<5i3uBjj£îi,

LTrsianCiUku^jC Defence s t u d i e s * n'« " L7' C'«7flbd), uirrfisft-fifluet), ycsrertlu^ Curr<?/jD ud)QeuiU ^/ if t i j^ ^uiofftffifl^ ejyflr^JM''

,1 , , , , ^ffi/orrsn" flJ, 1 9 7 0 , s tpsA, <F<!f.T)Ci.

2, /iJu/T^cfi-'flJiJit/rrrf, « n ' , 1 9 5 7 , *Q^&esniL^i^ GuiT/t<Si5f.7(&<5<fl '

4 , QprTffinneM^&emnif, mn ,1959, ' 5 ^ § _ ^ 2 S > i l € ' L/rrifJ£ :n6i)uyii,

5 , f>),fTrrucifl5<a;J!), , /7/&ffi , 1 98 7 , ' f ^'ffi__Qfu^^;£/^_(£6J^irrf •

6 , . r, ' ^if/S i); frfii)<95' , 1 9 5 5 (S-Soj uf)Csnl&\^S>th,Gi9S}fatiBr. \

7 , 0<5rrc^^ifli!/, s f r , 1 9 6 5 , 'uci j iL^ fSiSi^fi UurrrtQ/EfE?)'

Gi«flvyG/»t UfiS(3K3, Q<£F«!rGl»C? .

8 , . . . . , . , . . , '<9^uiiu;&Brrjjtl), flAuyaA 2.cnx7iyi2)' , 1 950 CSiSu/li^ )

9« <s"rL5iJJrjLoc:fliu urrn^, ^,1941 (52i,& u^Liit^nu^nif 3,e!f^^&Ai^

i O . . , • SB JJjt lun^^^rj*, 1976 . stpaJi), Q£F<?iij)fiP,

11. ^30^k'iei(f tl954 , '^AC/Dift ' , ^A^n)ifi j^pfgkmejiuil^,

12, G)^n^£indLJhjfi[,19 74 , 'GlgfT^ jTiiLAyjfiJJ. (QunQen^nrjih,

12 ' 2 ^ 1 ^ f U^y^i^ * ( '!="-'rrOflif. fTiTiI),

14 'u^^Liuntlib* (QP^&,^!j(^L.nih u&^>di)l966

Qua ,Geii .iSffnuyst^^rjeirT&ejirr, <fttP<£5ii), Qff&an^ ,

1 5 , . . " 'u^&Liu^Si\ 19 73 (5^%ili u^i^)GiP«ti,

X7\^ urrfr^rrrf , <F . G-srir . 1 94 2 , 'Gl^rrtti^/TiiLftL/A •'^)un(jiluL.eoih

1 8 , uJrra'i*utiIrruDG:ffcu(2»,5 .19 78Cl 7-<ai2) u ^ ^ q ) ' ;5tii'* g)o.*^au

, CiJTCUrrfli • , /5fl»li36UjT|3 U;'^U<7'l!>, Q<5^6Ka)fiir,

L^nn , L<i.&Q <!BniLaiL.,

2 0 . unTj<S'f ,. iTifcLftft«f)«n, ^.<» , (^encji^seipnif , , 1 9 76 ,

2 1 , , » *LirD,W[Tfi>> &> * (tfieotipih £.tJ)iJiyii)l 9 5 6

22 , *ufDuQun(5eli J^cu^uiTiQ^^^jep • 19 74

2 4 . LarrfJia<siL, ( ? j . a u , 1 9 7 5 , '^uiyJa)

! • Carl Von Claaswltze.lQ^i «on war* (Tr.by J.J^Graham^ Londonskegan Paul,Trench,Trubnerz •

Co.LTd* 2 . Cha:kxavarti,HanbJLr,1986 'Warfare For Wealth*

CaicuttaiFlrma KLM Private Ltd, 3« Claessen,H.J«M. and Peter Skalnlc(edB«)197d

* The Barlr State'.Hajnie jMouton

hm • . . • • . . • • 1 9 8 1 , 'The Study of The State* Hague,Mouton^

?. Bngels,F^1972, 'The Origin of The Fftwj j y pyjyate Property and the State* LondonsLavrancel Wlshart

6; Krader, Lawrence, 1975, *The Asiatic mode of Production*.

Vangogun - As sen*

7. Neelakanta Sastri,K.A.I966, »A Hlstpry of South India*

MadrastUniversity of Madras*

8. The New Encyclopaeila,Brltanica;Mlcropadla,VQl.IV

197M-(l5th 2dlUon)Wllllaa Benton Publisher,Chicago & London*'

9. Wright/Quincy, 1965 (II Bdition)*A Study pf War*

The uniyersi^ of Chicago Press,Chicago & London*

... •

A STUDY OF WARFARE DESCRIBED IN TAMIL ILAKKANAM · 2018-01-04 · a study of warfare described in...

Documents