EU-FP7

2011-2013 (36 months)

Burkina Faso

Ghana

Uganda

Country Partners Main roles

Burkina Faso WSA Research, embedding-learning-communication

WaterAid-BF Pilot technology assessments

Ghana TREND Embedding-learning-communication

WaterAid-Ghana Pilot technology assessments

KNUST Research

Uganda NETWAS Uganda Research, embedding-learning-communication

WaterAid-Uganda Pilot technology assessments

Europe IRC Consortium management, learning alliances/ embedding,

communications & information dissemination, coordination

Europe WaterAid UK Pilot technology assessments

Europe Cranfield University Situation analysis, monitoring and impact assessment

Europe SKAT Technology Assessment Framework; Recommendations sector

strengthening

Achieving water and sanitation

MDGs in many African countries

South of Sahara uncertain

Role of affordable, sustainable

technologies recognised

Good range of innovative WASH

technologies available

National strategies focus on the

conventional

No systems to validate new

technologies and assess real

potential

Photo: Jo Smet, IRC

Photo: Henk Holtslag, Connect Int

Overall: More effective investment in new technologies

Specific:

Development of framework and process to assess a wide range of new WASH technologies (Technology Assessment Framework & process)

Development of strategies and approaches for introduction of innovation and scaling up in decentralised system, and process & time needed for successful uptake and sustainability

Establishing required capacities on assessment frameworkand introduction in BF, GH, UG

1. BASELINE STUDY ON

STAKEHOLDER KNOWLEDGE

ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE;

UGANDA FINDINGS

Scenario 1: Formal processScenario 2: Informal process

Line ministry/ UNBS

Local

Gov’ts/

district

NGOs/

CBOs

Private

sector

Donor agencies

Government/

Line ministry

Private

sector

NGOs/

CBOs

Local

Gov’ts/

district

Donor

agencies

NGOs/ private

sector

Local Gov’ts

Private sector

Government/

Line ministry

Local gov’ts

S/H were positive about the formal process of technology

introduction and approval

MWE/UNBS LOCAL GOV’TS NGOs/ PS

Introduction - Testing/ piloting - scale up

Standardizing - uptake/ scale up

Other S/H were open to influence from external agencies;

donors, private sector, NGOs provided the influence is

channeled through gov’t.

A lesser No. of S/H preferred following an informal process to

avoid government bureaucracy.

No detailed framework for technology

introduction, appraisal or review of

existing technologies.

No tool that is employed to ensure a

harmonized decision making process

There is need for a technology

assessment framework.

Need for CB in technology

assessment

2. UGANDA TECHNOLOGY

REVIEW; EMERGING ISSUES

•Urine diversion double vault latrine (UDDT EcoSan),

•U2 Hand pump (groundwater lifting)

• ferro-cement tank >6,000l (water storage)

Successful

• tippy tap (hand washing device)Promising

• Canzee pump (groundwater lifting)New

opportunities

•Rope pump (groundwater lifting) Failed

Urine Diversion Dry

Toilets (UDDT)

Successful and particular

conditions

Suitable for water

logged areas and

collapsing soils,

Suitable at HH level

Not suitable for public

places- need for a

strict O&M system.

Gap at introduction-

no design for Muslim

community

U2 PUMP

Suitable for deep wells

Easy to operate/ man

Available HPMs for

minor and major repairs.

Limited knowledge on

minor maintenance/

repairs by the

communities

Rope pump

Viewed as promising as

opposed to failed

The pump is still being

used in pockets (afew

places, 7 pumps in total)

Not suitable for capacities

beyond 300 HH

Very slow and low uptake

Well managed at individual

level

Issues of contamination

Tippy Tap

Confirmed to be promising

Low cost; available

L/material

Mechanism of use prevents

contamination

20% of technology adopters

do abandon them while

replication was estimated at

about 30% (ACORD).

Gap-lack of a policy

framework and standards.

UGA pump Fabrication of the NIIRA pump

New technology (2009)

Still being piloted and yet to be approved by the ministry

Installed No. is about 30 in the country.

Viewed as a suitable option for shallow wells.

Suitable for Rural communities

No break downs have been experiences.

3. TECHNOLOGY ASSESMENT

FRAMEWORK

Our main innovation for the action

research is the Technology

Assessment Framework (the TAF).

A set of questions to be thought

through in a structured way for

informed decision making on New

and Existing technologies

Stakeholder Indicator

User/ Buyer •Affordability

•Demand for the product

•Potential for negative impact for user

•Existent management structures

•Skills set to manage technology

•Reliability- fulfill need

Producer/ provider •Price of product- market potential

•Need for promotion

•Potential for local production

•Legal requirements for registration

•Level of technical& business skills

needed

•Viable supply chain

Regulator/ investor •Financial supportive mechanisms

•Need for behavioral change/ social

marketing

•Dependency on other technical