Post on 26-Aug-2018
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Activity Potential requirement on ground
Desk study and get licens: Find areas with favorable geological conditions
None
Geological survey: Provide detailed information on geology
Access to onshore sites and marine resource areas Possible onshore extension of marine seismic lines
Exploratory drilling: Verify the presence of a hydrocarbon reservoir and quantify the reserves
Access for drilling unit and supply units Storage facilities Waste disposal facilities Testing capabilities
Appraisal: determine if the reservoir is economically feasible to develop
Additional drill sites Additional access for drilling units, supply units, waste disposal and storage facilities
Drilling and production: produce oil and gas from the reservoir through formation pressure, artificial lift, and possibly advanced recovery techniques, until economically feasible reserves are depleted
Improved access, storage and waste disposal facilities Equipment for production: Wellheads, Flowlines Equipment for storage, process and export: Accommodation, infrastructure
Decommissioning and rehabilitation: may occur for each of above phases.
Equipment to plug wells, remove installation 2
The oil and gas cycle
Life cycle of oil and gas
(time)
1) 2) 3) 4)
5) 6)
6) Drilling and production aspects
Challenges • The Ice
• Station keeping and quick disconnect
• Can interfere with drillstring/cables
• Coldness
• Winterization of the rig
• Freezing of fluid
• Flow asurance
• Remoteness
• Weather delays
• Deep water
6) Drilling and production aspects
Considerations
• Well type:
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Multilateral
• Drilling program:
• Conventional
• Rig types and design
• Drillship
• Semi-sub
• Drill barge
• Fluid design
• Production system
• Transportation system
Well Type: Vertical, horizontal, multilateral
Produksjon av olje
Injeksjon av gass
Injeksjon av vann
Gass
Olje
Today, we can access hydrocarbons trapped in
rocks with smaller, complex pores using horizontal drilling
Standard casing program
A.Conductor
B.Surface casing/Top casing
C.Intermediate casing
D.Production casing
E.Liner
Waste handling
Zero Discharge
• Norwegian Environmental Regulations:
Zero discharge of production water, cuttings and drilling fluid
• U.S and Canada:
Marine toxicity test of WBM and cuttings before discharge to sea
Waste handling
Cutting return
Solid control Re-use drilling fluid
Drilling wastes
Discharge to sea Re-injection To shore for disposal
Waste handling
Solution: •Drill disposal wells •Dry and discharge cuttings •Install a vacuum unit (Mud cube).
New technology: Mud Cube
FING: Arctic Region Oil & Gas Seminar in Training and Education 10
• Dry cuttings • Minimize use of drilling fluid • Effective solid separation • No vibration • Vacuum (not oil damp) • Easy to maintain • In use at Mærsk Giant.
• http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=F20KNH8MFnU
Waste handling
New tecnology
• AGR’s Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) system
FING: Arctic Region Oil & Gas Seminar in Training and Education 11
• Riserless mud recovery • No spill when drilling the two first sections • Better well control
• Moore handling of cuttings
Rig type
Necessary drilling rig storage:
• Backup sets of winter clothing and food • Power failures
• Emergencies
• Storage tanks for fuel • Collapsible to withstand the arctic conditions
• Support helicopters in case of harsh weather conditions
• In case of logistic problems
• Proper dimension of deck load capacities • At least 7000 tons needed to support backup equipment
Rig type: Drill Barge
• Withstand up to 3 meters of ice
• Moves slow
• High Capacity
• Breaks ice
• Huisman’s JBF Arctic:
drill two wells at one time
• Winterized
• Designed for zero emission to air
Kulluk (Rigzone 2012)
Huisman’s JBF Arctic
Rig type: Semi-Submersible
• Stable
• Winterized
• Harsh environment
• Water depths up to 1,650 ft (500 m)
• BOP: 18¾in, 15,000 psi
• Marin riser: 21 in OD
Transocean Arctic
Rig type: Drillship Stena DrillMAX Ice:
• Can handle 2m of ice
• High ice loads from the side
• Double BOP
• Moonpools for ROV
• Protected drillstring
Stena DrillMAX Ice 2011
The Deepwater Pathfinder drillship
The Deepwater Pathfinder drillship:
• Drill in water depths up to 10,000 feet
• Dynamic-Positioning;
• Small thrusters,
and global positioning keep it stable
• Shifting less than 50 feet in any direction.
• Large capacities
• Winterized
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Ice cowering the equipment on the rig
Drilling system: Ice rig and equipment
Winterization
Frozen TDS and hydraulic elevator (Fletcher 2011)
• Main goal for winterization is to ensure safety of personnel and operability during operations
• Fluid related equipment are strongly affected by the arctic environment
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Heating systems: • Electrical • Steam
Winterization
Applications: • Rig equipment (pump) • Production system (mud, Pipes)
Electrical heating in the drill floor
Winterization
Wind walls protecting the rig floor (Fletcher 2011)
Wind walls, hot air blowers and suitcases to protect personnel and equipment
17 December 2013 Page 19
Stavanger offshore technical college A member of Rogaland training and education
centre
•
Example of an exploration well
Well control Focus:
• Training of personnel
• Development of strict operational guidelines
• Designs of the specific drilling program for each individual well
• Review of prior drilling experience in the nearby area
Criteria:
• Two BOP stacks for Arctic drilling vessels.
• BOP stack deeper than the maximum depth of ice during winter season.
• Glory hole
• Antifreeze materials
Operational window
Glory hole