Air Quality NAAQS Update

transcript

What ‘s on the Horizon for Louisiana Citizens

Michael Vince, Air Permits Division April 24, 2013

AIR QUALITY NAAQS UPDATE

POINTS TO COVER

What is EPA’s Advance Program?

How the Air Quality Management Process works

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards

2008 Ozone Standard

PM 2.5 Standard

What does this mean to the Monroe Area?

Current Activities

Questions?

WHAT IS THE ADVANCE PROGRAM?

Ozone Advance is a collaborative effort by EPA, states, tribes and local governments to encourage emission reductions in ozone attainment areas, to help them continue to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).

Voluntary Program

PROGRAM GOALS

Help attainment areas take action in order to keep ozone and PM levels below the level of the standard to ensure continued health protection

Better position areas to remain in attainment

Efficiently direct available resources toward actions to address ozone problems quickly.

WHY SHOULD ATTAINMENT AREAS WORK TO REDUCE OZONE AND

PM2.5?

Ensure continued health protection Less resource intensive to implement measures early More flexibility to pursue a wide range of options Proactive

Could better position some areas to stay in attainment If eventually designated, could provide needed reductions

that could result in a lower classification and/or that could feed into any eventual SIP

EPA could consider early efforts as a factor in exercising for its discretion to redesignate areas not violating in 2008-10 but violating in later years to nonattainment

Multi-pollutant co-benefits

AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Emissions Inventory

Air MonitoringModeling

Planning

Control Strategy

Industry

Rulemaking

Permit

1990 - Clean Air Act Amended to its Present Form

There have been many iterations of federal clean air legislation, beginning in 1955.

The Many Sources of Air Pollution

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Developed for 6 air pollutants:

Sulfur Oxides Carbon Monoxide (CO) LeadParticulate (PM 2.5 & PM10) Ozone Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)

States are required to develop plans to implement control strategies to make air healthier and cleaner.

Two types of standards Primary – protects public health Secondary – protects public welfare;

GROUND-LEVEL OZONE IS:

The primary component of smog

Sometimes called “bad ozone” to distinguish it from “good ozone”

– Both types of ozone have the same chemical composition (O3).

–“Good ozone" occurs naturally in the upper portions of the earth’s atmosphere and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful rays.

- “Bad" ozone is harmful to breathe.

GROUND-LEVEL OZONE

Ozone is not emitted directly into the air, but forms through reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight.

SOURCES OF NOX AND VOCS

NOx forms quickly from combustion sources such as automobiles, power plants and large construction equipment.

VOCs come from paints, solvents and fuels and evaporate quickly into the atmosphere.

WHAT IS THE 2008 OZONE STANDARD

Air quality across state continues to improve EPA expected to make standard more stringent Announcement December 2013 Imagine a limbo bar…

8-hour primary ozone standard to 75 parts per billion (ppb) is protective of human health 1 ppb is equivalent to 1 drop of water in an Olympic

sized pool How is attainment determined?

Design Value – the 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor within an area.

DESIGNATIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

Designation refers to whether or not an area is above or below the standard Attainment means that the monitor readings

are at or below the standard;

Nonattainment means that the monitor readings are above the standard;

Unclassifiable means that there is no monitor data to reach a conclusion.

Classification categories are determined based on an area’s design value (applicable for ozone only).

WHAT ARE MONITORS AND WHAT DO THEY TELL US?

DATA SOURCES AND USES

Data from DEQ’s monitoring network is used to determine attainment with a standard

Modeling efforts

Industry reports emissions data (ERIC) which is used to develop strategies and rules to reach or maintain attainment

EPA uses ERIC-type data from every state to develop national strategies

OZONE DESIGN VALUES 2008 - 2010

LSUNew

French

Settlem

Kenner

townSh

Madiso

nville

Vinton

lleB P

mineGary

Capito

G Tete

City P

arkHah

nville

ette/A

ntMonro

1015202530354045505560657075808590

7875 75 75 75 74 74 74 74 73 73 73 73 72 72 72 72 71 71 71 71 70 69 68

8-hr Design Value as of December 31, 2010

1015202530354045505560657075808590

82 8077 77 77 76 76 76 75 75 75 74 74 74 72 72 72 72 72 71 70 69 67 66

8-hr Design Value as of December 31, 2011

ortDutch

townCa

rville

New Road

laquem

er Gar

yville Dixi

French

Settlem

Madiso

nville

ette/M

Vinton

Hahnvil

y Park

ntMonro

1015202530354045505560657075808590

79 7976 76 76 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 74 74 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 68

8-hr Design Value (Preliminary) December 31, 2012

OZONE DESIGN VALUES 1980-2011

19801981

19821983

19841985

19861987

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20102011

Baton Rouge AreaShreveport Area Lake Charles AreaNew Orleans Area

POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE 2008 OZONE STANDARD ON NEW NONATTAINMENT PARISHES,

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, INDUSTRIES AND BUSINESSES

Changed Emission Inventory Requirements

Lowered Major Source Thresholds

New Source Review

Emission Offsets

RACT Requirements

Potential for Automobile Inspection/Maintenance

Regulations on small businesses (bakeries, dry cleaners, paint shops, etc.)

Transportation Conformity/General Conformity

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACT TO CONSUMERS

Increased cost to industry translates to increased cost of the products industry produces.

Higher cost of vehicle inspection stickers due to expansion of I/M program.

Increased fuel costs.

TRANSPORTATION CONFORMITY

A special point on highway funding:

In nonattainment areas, the Clean Air Act requires a formal interagency process to establish procedures for consultation between MPOs, EPA, FHWA, FTA, and State and local transportation and air quality agencies.

Highway funding can be held up without this process in place. Transportation improvement plans must conform with air quality state implementation plans. (The SIP)

RECENT CHANGE TO PM2.5 STANDARD

Primary and Secondary

Annual 12µg/m3

Previously 15 µg/m3 ,changed 3/18/13

Annual mean, averaged over 3 years

Attainment

24 – hour 35 µg/m3 98th percentile, averaged over 3 years

PM2.5 ANNUAL MEAN TREND

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

Capitol

Bayou Plaquemine

Geismar

Hammond

Kenner

Lafayette

Lake Charles

Marrero

St. Bernard

Monroe

Port Allen

2012 Standard

2006 Standard

12 µg/m3

15 µg/m3

New Standard in ef-fect 3/18/13

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DEQ?

Work with community leaders and businesses to develop pollution control strategies Working with EPA Advance Program

Work with industries to develop pollution control strategies

Submit recommendations to EPA for area designations/redesignations

Rule revisions and promulgation Compilation and submittal of State

Implementation Plans (SIP) for areas designated nonattainment.

IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE RULES THROUGH

THE SIP A specific set of plans for reducing air

pollution emissions

Required by federal law (Federal Clean Air Act) for areas not meeting the NAAQS

Incorporates control strategies

Sets forth technical and regulatory process for demonstrating attainment and maintenance requirements

GETTING BACK TO ATTAINMENT

Baton Rouge Area rules

VOC Controls in DEQ Air Rules – Chapter 21

NOx Controls in DEQ Air Rules – Chapter 22

DEQ Modeling efforts underway

Will help determine if these or other rules would be effective in reducing ozone levels in other areas of the state.

Federal Rules help address vehicle emissions and fuel formulations

NATIONAL RULES THAT IMPACT OZONE, NOX, PM2.5

Clean Air Visibility Rule Cross State Air Pollution Rule

Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Rule

Light-Duty Vehicle Tier 2 Rule

Heavy Duty Diesel Rule

Locomotive and Marine Vessel Rule

Small Spark-Ignition Engine Rule

Revisions to Fuel Standards

Refinery Consent Decrees

NOW, BACK TO THE ADVANCE PROGRAM

WHO CAN PARTICIPATE?

States, tribes, local governments

Councils of Government

Other stakeholders, in conjunction with any of the above

“Lead”participant?

WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA FOR PROGRAM ELIGIBILITY?

Area must not be nonattainment for either 1997 or 2008 8-hour ozone or the PM2.5 standard at the time the they are accepted into the program. Maintenance areas Eventual Marginal areas

Local entity should generally identify the area

DEQ will identify the monitor(s) that reflect the area’s air quality

Required emissions inventory reporting should be complete (DEQ handles this)

HOW DO I PARTICIPATE?

Submit a letter of intent to EPA prior to initial designations of nonattainment

Must be received by EPA BEFORE you are designated as nonattainment

Copy LDEQ on your submittal

Submit to:Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)

Attention: Laura Bunte – Ozone Advance Program C304-01

109 TW Alexander Drive

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

OR via email to: ADVANCE@epa.gov

DEQ can provide a letter template

WHAT DOES PARTICIPATION MEAN FOR YOU?

Work to Develop a “path forward” plan within a year

Plan should

Use best efforts to move quickly toward identifying steps that may reduce ozone and PM2.5 levels

Implement path forward, measures/programs as soon as possible

Collect information as to plan effectiveness

Informal status check-ins with EPA at least annually

OTHER IDEAS

Formation of local Air Quality Coalition

Serve as lead for Advance Program

Coordinate and track local projects

Ozone Awareness Campaign

Meteorologist Training

News Spots highlighting ozone and PM2.5

IDEAS FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS

Area Sources On-road Engines

Idling Reduction Policies (Schools and Municipalities) Alternative Fuels and Repowers (Ethanol, biodiesel and natural gas

conversions) Bossier City/Parish Natural Gas Conversions

School Buses, Public Transport and Utilities Truck Retrofits (Diesel Particulate Filters and Oxidation Catalysts) Caddo Parish DOCs and Caddo Public Schools Buses DPFs

Non-road Engines Requiring use of lower emitting equipment for local projects KCS and New Orleans Public Belt Railroad Automatic Engine Start-

Stop Switches (Emissions Reductions and diesel fuel savings) Point Sources

DEQ existing rules for VOC and NOx Voluntary actions by industry Consumers using less electricity helps utilities to cut back

37WHO IS IN ADVANCE

PROGRAM?

Lake Charles – IMCAL and Chamber of Commerce

Shreveport – Chamber of Commerce, Coordinating and Development Corporation, Shreveport, Bossier City

Baton Rouge – CRPC and BRCAC

New Orleans – SCRPD and RPC

Lafayette – still not signed up

Monroe and Alexandria??

4/11/2013

ADVANCE PROGRAM LOCAL CONTACTS

Michael Vince: michael.vince@la.gov 225-219-3482

Vivian Aucoin: vivian.aucoin@la.gov 225-219-3389

Gilberto Cuadra: gilberto.cuadra@la.gov 225-219-3419

Mailing Address: DEQ Air Permits DivisionOzone Advance ProgramP. O. Box 4313Baton Rouge, LA 70821

QUESTIONS ABOUT OZONE ADVANCE

EPA HeadquartersLaura BunteEPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards(919) 541-0889ADVANCE@epa.gov

EPA Region 6Carrie Paige(214) 665-6521

Website: www.epa.gov/ozoneadvance

AIR QUALITY AWARENESS MONTH

EPA – May is Clean Air Month

DEQ – May is Air Quality Awareness Month

Television Spots

Governor Proclamation

Increasing local activities with Advance Program

THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?

Do you know some of the most polluting equipment we use on a daily basis ?

Two-cycle gasoline powered string trimmers, chain saws and blowers are bad for both VOC and NOx emissions

About 30% of the fuel that you put into the tank for these items comes right back out unburned thru the exhaust.

QUESTIONS?

Using your push lawnmower for an hour will produce how much pollution?

In an hour, a push mower will produce the same HC+NOx as a car driven 257 miles, and the same CO as one driven 401 miles.

To put it another way, assuming a car averages 40 miles per hour, a push mower produces more HC+NOx than six cars and the same CO as 10.

QUESTIONS?

Which is worse for the environment: driving a massive, exhaust-belching diesel-sucking big rig 100 miles or walking down the street in hemp sandals, bamboo shorts and a reclaimed burlap poncho to a locally-owned restaurant, and ordering a grass-fed, locally-farmed angus beef hamburger?

For comparison, an 18-wheeler diesel engine truck would have to drive 143 miles on the freeway to put out the same mass of particulates as a single charbroiled hamburger patty.(UC Riverside)

Air Quality NAAQS Update

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