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Brussels December 5,2002 1
New Technologies New Technologies
and and
Airport ManagementAirport Management
Presented byPresented by
Cesare BernabeiCesare Bernabei
Università di PiacenzaUniversità di Piacenza
&&
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano
22-23 January 200422-23 January 2004
Brussels December 5,2002 2
The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
Is growing steadily since the last ten years Is growing steadily since the last ten years and it is expected to do so and it is expected to do so
Despite the 9/11 eventDespite the 9/11 event
for the next twenty yearsfor the next twenty years
Brussels December 5,2002 3
1997
DIVISION DED 4 - 4/11/97
7.0 Mio Flights 8.0 Mio Flights
11.9 Mio Flights 15.8 Mio Flights
2000
2010 2020
Traffic DensityTraffic Density
Brussels December 5,2002 4
The Single Sky InitiativeThe Single Sky Initiative
Through its Regulations onThrough its Regulations on
Organisation and Use of the AirspaceOrganisation and Use of the Airspace
Provision of Air Navigation ServicesProvision of Air Navigation Services
Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management Network Management Network
will provide the new frame for the will provide the new frame for the European AirspaceEuropean Airspace
Brussels December 5,2002 5
AlthoughAlthough
airports are not directly airports are not directly part of the Single part of the Single
European Sky European Sky
initiative….initiative….
Brussels December 5,2002 6
So….So….
What can Technology do in order What can Technology do in order to reduce the risk that airports to reduce the risk that airports
become the bottleneck of the civil become the bottleneck of the civil aviation system?aviation system?
Brussels December 5,2002 7
Approach and Landing OperationsApproach and Landing Operations
Airports Air-side and Land-side Airports Air-side and Land-side Optimisation Optimisation
Advanced Surface Movement Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemGuidance and Control System
or or A-SMGCSA-SMGCS
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
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Is the flight endedIs the flight ended
whenwhen
the aircraft has landed?the aircraft has landed?
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Final A
pproach report (from
Surveillance)
Landing report(from
Surveillance)
Apron entrance report(from
Surveillance)
Final Approach Rwy Twy Apron
Gate / S
tand
Runw
ay safety area
Groundcontroller
Aproncontroller
Tower controllerApproach controller
Aircraft sequenced
(from A
rrival Manager)
30 minutes
before touch down
Landingclearance
Taxiclearance
ACC
Exitproposal
Final Phases of FlightFinal Phases of Flight
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From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower
On a bright dayOn a bright day
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From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower
On a foggy dayOn a foggy day
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What the controller What the controller do in such conditions?do in such conditions?
Picks up the R/T and Picks up the R/T and call the aircraftcall the aircraft
However,However, now the now the technology can assist technology can assist him/her in the jobhim/her in the job
Brussels December 5,2002 16
Research & Development Activities at Research & Development Activities at DG-TRENDG-TREN
Since 1994, the Directorate for TransportSince 1994, the Directorate for Transport
has supported R&D Activities in the field of has supported R&D Activities in the field of
A-SMGCSA-SMGCS or or
Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemsControl Systems
Brussels December 5,2002 17
The Ground ControllerThe Ground Controller
Day, Day, night, in night, in
fogfog
or...or...
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The requirements
“An Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS) is expected to provide adequate capacity and safety in relation to the specific weather conditions, traffic density and aerodrome layout by use of modern technologies and a high level of integration between the various functionality.”1
1: ICAO - Draft MANUAL OF A-SMGCS, 2001
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GroundGround
ControllerController
AircraftAircraft
VehiclesVehiclesObstaclesObstacles
SurveillanceSurveillance ControlControlRouting/Routing/
PlanningPlanningGuidanceGuidance
A-SMGCSA-SMGCS
ATC SystemsATC Systems Airport SystemsAirport Systems Airline SystemsAirline SystemsExternal SystemsExternal Systems
The A-SMGCS EnvironmentThe A-SMGCS Environment
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Demonstrator’s Functional Architecture
Controller HMI
Controller
Planning/routing
Monitoring/Control
Surveillance
Other planning
Traffic Objects Pilot HMI
Guidance
Flight plans
Sensors
Guidance means
Pilot
AIRPORT-G
ARAMIS
MANTEA
MANTEA
DAFUSA
MANTEA
DAFUSA
AIRPORT-G
ATHOS
DA VINCI
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Surveillance
An adequate set of Sensors
provides the controller with a complete knowledge of all movements including identification of any object
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Surveillance DisplaySurveillance Display
Controller Controller Working Working PositionPosition
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Control
Provides the controller with an alert in case of events like
• crossing runways
• restricted areas incursion
• separation criteria infringement
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On-board guidance tested through:
•Guidance aid response time
•clearance from CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
•taxi route given by CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
External guidance tested through:
•External panels
Guidance
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• Electronic Flight Strips
• Routing
• Co-ordination Arrival / Ground
Movement / Departure
Planning
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The A-SMGCS Concept has been The A-SMGCS Concept has been proven and tested within theproven and tested within the
•DEFAMM project in the 4th FPDEFAMM project in the 4th FP
•BETA project in the 5th FPBETA project in the 5th FP
Brussels December 5,2002 29
DEFAMM ProjectDEFAMM Project
Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Concept Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Concept testing various equipment at the airports oftesting various equipment at the airports of
•Köln/ BonnKöln/ Bonn
•Orly ParisOrly Paris
•BraunschweigBraunschweig
•BergamoBergamo
Brussels December 5,2002 30
BETA ProjectBETA Project
in the 5th Framework Programmein the 5th Framework Programme
Tested three configurations at the airports ofTested three configurations at the airports of
•PraguePrague
•HamburgHamburg
•BraunschweigBraunschweig
Brussels December 5,2002 31
TowerC ontro llerW ork ingPosition
SM R
ASRE2000
D G PSG P&C
M O D E -S /A D S -B
N R N
F D P SE S U P
D atalinkG P&C
R eferenceC lock
AG LAM S
Co-operative Sensors
Non Co-operative Sensors
A lertP rocess
FusionP rocess
Surveillance DataServer
M E TID P
Airport/ATMInform ation System s
G uidanceSystem s
G roundC ontro llerW ork ingPosition
ApronC ontro llerW ork ingPosition
R ecordingand
P laybackSystem
TechnicalC ontro l andM onitoring
System
Surveillance and AlertingFunctions
PlanningFunction
G uidanceFunction
System Managem ent Controller HMI
Loca l A rea N etwork
Surface Movem entPlanning System
G D P S
D -M A N
T R P
The BETA system at Prague
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Results from the Research ActivitiesResults from the Research ActivitiesThe implementation of these systems on The implementation of these systems on real airports has permitted to assessreal airports has permitted to assess
Objective data:Surveillance parameters (e.g. position accuracy, report update, report latency, probability of false detection, coverage area)System functionality (e.g. warnings, hand-over procedures, electronic flight strips)
Use of the system (e.g. warnings, hand-over procedures, electronic flight strips)Workload of controller
Subjective data:
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Item Parameter Name Expected
Value
Measured
Value
PR Horizontal Position Resolution 1 m 1 m*
HR Height Resolution 2 m (6.56 ft) 6.25 ft*
VR Velocity Resolution Speed 1 m/s 0.25 m/s*
Direction 10 10*
TR Time Resolution 0.01 s 0.01 s*
RPA Reported Position Accuracy 7.5 m < 8 m
RVA Reported Velocity Accuracy Speed 5 m/s NA
Direction 100 NA
TRUR Target Report Update Rate 1 s 1 s
TRL Target Report Latency Unspecified NA
Overall results of objective indicator measurements for surveillance in Prague.
In the table above, symbols have the following meanings:* Obtainable resolution limited by ASTERIX data formatNA Not Analysed, insufficient suitable data available or problems aligning data
reports with time
Surveillance Results at Prague AirportSurveillance Results at Prague Airport
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How all this can support Policy?How all this can support Policy?
What has been done? andWhat has been done? and
What can be done?What can be done?
In ConclusionIn Conclusion
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These results have already been used to fill the ICAO A-These results have already been used to fill the ICAO A-SMGCS European ManualSMGCS European Manual
It provides a common baseline for Airport Authorities as It provides a common baseline for Airport Authorities as well as producers for the procurement of appropriate well as producers for the procurement of appropriate system for any airportsystem for any airport
Through this yardstick, it is possible to compare the Through this yardstick, it is possible to compare the actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the actual capacity at an airport as well as to assess the implemented level of safety implemented level of safety
Research support to PolicyResearch support to Policy
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Further more...Further more...
Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to evaluate future expansions and their impact on the evaluate future expansions and their impact on the environmentenvironment
Precise allocation of responsibilities, permit to Precise allocation of responsibilities, permit to assess causes of an accident or of delaysassess causes of an accident or of delays
Realistic slot allocation can be implementedRealistic slot allocation can be implemented
Ultimately a better Quality of Service Ultimately a better Quality of Service can be offered to passengerscan be offered to passengers
Brussels December 5,2002 37
The ICAO A-SMGCS ManualThe ICAO A-SMGCS Manual
•has been circulated to Stateshas been circulated to States
•the 11th ICAO Air Navigation the 11th ICAO Air Navigation Conference, held in Montreal, has Conference, held in Montreal, has recommended its userecommended its use