Post on 19-Sep-2020
transcript
Carbohydrates
2009-2010
Carbohydrates:
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
H
H
H
OH
O
Energy molecules
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugars
sucrose
Carbohydrates
Function:
quick energy
energy storage
structure
cell wall in plants
Examples
sugars
starches
cellulose (cell wall)
glucose
C6H12O6
starch
Sugars = building blocks
Names for sugars usually end in
glucose
fructose
sucrose
maltose OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
H
H
H
OH
O
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
Building carbohydrates
Synthesis (Condensation Reaction)
|
glucose
|
glucose
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
Building carbohydrates
Synthesis (Condensation Reaction)
|
fructose
|
glucose
1 sugar =
monosaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars =
disaccharide
How sweetit is!
Condensation Reaction
Monomers are linked to form a polymer
Water is released
BIG carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
large carbohydrates starch energy storage in plants
potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles
cellulose structure in plants
cell walls
chitin structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
poly = many
Building BIG carbohydrates
glucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch
(plant)
glycogen
(animal)
energy
storage
polysaccharide
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
enzyme
enzyme
Example of digestion (Hydrolysis)
starch glucose
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATP
ATPATP
Starch is digested to glucose
Hydrolysis
Breaks down polymers by adding water
Cellulose
Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose well
most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they
eat meat
to get their energy
& nutrients
cellulose = roughage
stays undigested
keeps material
moving in your
intestines
Different Diets of Herbivores
Cow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorilla
can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Helpful bacteria
How can cows digest cellulose so well?
BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewingcud?
2009-2010
Let’s build some
Carbohydrates!
EAT
X
Activities
building starch by bonding together
paper glucose molecules
eat carrots, celery, cookies