Chapter 3Correctional Practices:

Ancient to contemporary

Would you rather be in prison now or 200 years ago?

Crime/punishment: evolved

-blood feuds

-complex legal systems

-Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) laws (carved) -criminal (theft/violence)-civil (deeds/personal injury) punishments-lex talionis-execution-amputations-fines-no imprisonment-social status considered

Mosaic law: Hebrew

Roman Law: 451-450 BC

Medieval-feudalism:-Lords/citizens/serfs-assemblies of free men in courtsTo-enforcement of royal rights (landholders)-Baron presided over disputes

17th & 18Th CenturiesBanishmentTransportation1700’s:-American colonies (lack of labor)

Transportation Act of 1718-replaced execution -50,000 transported before 1775-1788-1868-160,000 -Australia

Women offenders:

-24, 000 women

-positive influence on male population

-brothels

-forced marriages

-stopped 1851

Prison Hulks:-Ships converted to prison ships-6,000-30% mortality rates

Early incarceration:-isolate-penitence/no cross ideas -work

Hospice of St. Michael: misbehaving boys (Rome) 1704

-single cells

-hard work/silence-religious instruction

-orphans/aged & infirmed adults

-cell-opened into common area

Houses of Corrections (Bridewell House):-hard work

Masion de Force:-work not deterrent/learned trade

John Howard-prison reformer-1779 Penitentiary Act:-secure/sanitary-inspections-fees for services abolished-discipline-reformatory-solitary confienment/silence/work

Early America:-various housing units-crimes/debts

-1785-Castle Island-1st state prison in US

Pennsylvania System:-separate/silent

Auburn System:-congregate/silent

Elmira Reformatory:-prepare for return to society

American West:-1880-Folsom-overcowded

-Washington Territory-leased prisoners to industry

Yuma Territorial prison:-electricity/circulated heat/library

Medical model (1930s):-offenders sick-exam/diagnose/treatment

-Professional staff-Treatment programs-Community corrections

Balanced Model:-equal weight-deterrence

-rehabilitation

-retribution

-incapacitation