Post on 13-Jan-2016
transcript
Ch10 The City-States
10-3 Athens
1. Athens-northeast of Sparta-city-state
-located on the Aegean Coast-1st ruled by Kings-750BC oligarchy
-fighting between farmers , artisans, and government for land ownership
-oligarchy did not want fights to occur-looked for reform
2. Draco-noble
-appointed to write a code of laws-too harsh, death for many crimes
3. Solon-rich merchant
-took over law making 594 BC-1st Constitution-broke political power of rich-set limit on how much land a person could own-gave landowners the right to vote in the assembly
-passed laws
-erased all debt
-freed slaves
-offered citizenship to artisans (not Athenians)
-ordered fathers to teach sons a trade
-more government involvement
-trade increased
4. Peisistratus -560BC took over government
-supported by lower class-divided large estates and gave it to farmers w/o land-did not have to own land to be citizen-encouraged sculpture and art-after his death, sons took over-government overthrown by Spartans
5. Cleisthenes -overthrew Spartans
-put world first Constitution into effect
-beginning of democratic form-Athenians have freedom of speech
-opened assembly to males 20 yrs. +-assembly elected 10 generals/yr. to run army and navy & judges
-Set-up the Council of Five Hundred-Handled daily business-Chosen each year by lot-No one could serve more than 2 terms
-Every one could serve-War times required a general to serve on council
-Citizens required to educate sons-Tutor-Private school-Age 7 boys studied writing, math and music
-Played sports-Memorized Homer & other poets
-Age 18 males became citizens-At Temple of Zeus took citizenship oath
6. Persian Wars -Persians have largest empire in
Western world-545 BC conquered Ionia (Greek city-state in Asia Minor and Aegean Islands)-525 BC Ionians revolted
-asked city-states for help-Athens responded by sending some warships-Fought for 5 years, Persians ended revolt
7. Darius -Persian king
-Punish mainland Greeks for helping Ionians-490 BC sent 600 ships and army to Greece
-landed on Marathon-decided to sail directly to Athens surprised by Athenian soldiers and defeated-Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell of victory
-yelled Nike! (Greek goddess of victory) and died
8. Wealth -After Marathon, silver mines
discovered -Athens spent money in triremes
-3 levels of rowers on each side-largest navy in Greece
9. Xerxes -son of Darius-480 BC sent 250,000 soldiers across Aegean to conquer Northern Greece-20 city-states banded together to stop attacks
-Sparta-Army-Athens-Navy
-Greek soldiers held off Persians at Thermopylae for 3 days. Athenians went to Salamis
-Persians defeated soldiers, set fire to Athens
-Greeks tricked Persians into the Narrow Straits of Salamis and defeated them
-Xerxes returned Asia -479 BC Greeks defeated leftover
Persians in Battle of Plateau and war ended
10. Delian League -defensive league
-located on island of Delos-Sparta not a member-once a member, could not withdraw w/o unanimous agreement-common navy
-built by Athenians
-Athens gaining power-ask for permission to trade-trials held in Athens-money replaced all other-“Golden Age of Athens”
11. Pericles -1st citizen of Athens-general during “Golden Age of Athens”-led Athens for 30 yrs.-rebuilt temples and palaces on the acropolis-built Parthenon to honor goddess Athena
-built Long Walls to connect Athens to seaport of Piraeus
-provided supplies during war-promoted art, literature, and philosophy
12. Peloponnesian War
-Athens was resented-attacked one of Sparta’s allies
-Sparta attacked-lasted 30 yrs.-ended 404BC
-Athens surrendered to Sparta
13. Decline of Athens-war and plague caused great loss of life -land was ruined-young men became mercenaries-404 BC Sparta controls Athens
-set up oligarchy-30 Athenian aristocrats rule
-Athens successfully revolts and sets up democracy
-not as powerful as before war