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Chapter 3
An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and
Representation of Structure
Essential Organic ChemistryPaula Yurkanis Bruice
William Setzer, Bernhard Vogler, Mary Setzer
University of Alabama - Huntsville
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Recall intermolecular forces:• Ion–ion interactions
• Sodium chloride
• Ammonium tetrafluoroborate
NH4 BF4
Na Cl
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Recall intermolecular forces: Hydrogen bonding
The dotted bond is a hydrogen bond.Strong hydrogen hydrogen bond is limited tomolecules having a hydrogen atomattached to an O, N, or F O, N, or F atom
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Recall intermolecular forces:• Dipole–dipole interactions
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
Recall intermolecular forces:• London dispersion London dispersion forces (van der Waals van der Waals interactions)
• These are instantaneous induced-dipole interactions
• Important interactions between nonpolar compounds
• Hydrocarbons (C, H)
Temporary dipoles and induced dipoles in nonpolar molecules
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
• Melting and boiling points Melting and boiling points increase with increasing
molecular weight molecular weight within a homologous series.
Compound Formula MW (g/mol)
mp (ºC) bp (ºC)
Methane CH4 16 –182 –164
Pentane CH3(CH2)3CH3 72 –130 36
Decane CH3(CH2)8CH3 142 –30 174
Pentadecane CH3(CH2)13CH3 212 10 271
Eicosane CH3(CH2)18CH3 282 37 343
Alkanes• Boiling points decrease with chain branching.
Compound bp (oC)
mp (oC)
CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
octane
4-methylheptane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
57
121
107
127
118
99
• SolubilitySolubility – “Like dissolves like” “Like dissolves like” • Examples: Alkanes are nonpolar, hydrophobichydrophobic
Alcohols are polar. hydrophillic hydrophillic
SolubilitySolubility
hydrophobichydrophobic
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
CH3
CH3
Compound MW bp (oC)
H2O solubility
86.18 69 insoluble
ClCl 98.96 83 0.8%
CH3
CH3
O
O
86.09 88 20%
hexane
1,2-dichloroethane
2,3-butanedione
Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
CH3
OO
CH3
HOOH
H2NNH2
CH3
NN
CH3
H
H
Compound MW bp (oC)
H2O solubility
90.12 83
90.12 230
88.15 158
88.15 119
dimethoxyethane
1,4-butanediol
putrescine
N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons (Aliphatic) • Hydrocarbons – Contain only C and H atoms.• Saturated – Only single bonds. • Aliphatic – “Fat” like. • Can be acyclic (no rings) or cyclic
(cycloalkanes).
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons (Aliphatic) • Hydrocarbons – Contain only C and H atoms.• Saturated – Only single bonds. • Aliphatic – “Fat” like. • Can be acyclic (no rings) or cyclic
(cycloalkanes).
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons (Aliphatic) • Hydrocarbons – Contain only C and H atoms.• Saturated – Only single bonds. • Aliphatic – “Fat” like. • Can be acyclic (no rings) or cyclic
(cycloalkanes).
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons (Aliphatic) • Hydrocarbons – Contain only C and H atoms.• Saturated – Only single bonds. • Aliphatic – “Fat” like. • Can be acyclic (no rings) or cyclic
(cycloalkanes).
AlkanesMethane, CH4
Ethane, CH3CH3
H
CH H
H
AlkanesMethane, CH4
Ethane, CH3CH3
H
CH H
H
H
CH C
H
H
H
H
AlkanesPropane, CH3CH2CH3
Butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3
H
CH C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
AlkanesPropane, CH3CH2CH3
Butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3
H
CH C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
CH C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
Alkanes
Pentane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Hexane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Heptane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Octane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Nonane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Decane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
IsomerismConsider C4H10
These structures are constitutional isomers
H
CH C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
HC C
C
C
H
H
H HH
H
H HH H
Normal Butane Isobutane
IsomerismConsider C4H10
These structures are:
Constitutional or Chain Isomers
H
CH C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
H
HC C
C
C
H
H
H HH
H
H HH H
Normal Butane Isobutane
IsomerismIsomerism – The phenomenon whereby
certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition.
Isomers – Two or more chemical substances having the same elementary composition and molecular weight but differing in structure.
Isomerism (Isomería)Isomerism – The phenomenon whereby
certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition.
Isomers – Two or more chemical substances having the same elementary composition and molecular weight but differing in structure.
ISÓMEROS ISÓMEROS
AlkanesNames and Formulas of Alkyl Groups:
Formula Name Formula Name
CH3- methyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl
CH3CH2- ethyl (CH3)2CHCH2- isobutyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH(CH3)- sec-butyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropyl (CH3)3C- tert-butyl
AlkanesNames and Formulas of Alkyl Groups:
Formula Name Formula Name
CH3- methyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl
CH3CH2- ethyl (CH3)2CHCH2- isobutyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH(CH3)- sec-butyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropyl (CH3)3C- tert-butyl
Primary (1o) carbon
AlkanesNames and Formulas of Alkyl Groups:
Formula Name Formula Name
CH3- methyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl
CH3CH2- ethyl (CH3)2CHCH2- isobutyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH(CH3)- sec-butyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropyl (CH3)3C- tert-butyl
Secondary (2o) carbon
AlkanesNames and Formulas of Alkyl Groups:
Formula Name Formula Name
CH3- methyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl
CH3CH2- ethyl (CH3)2CHCH2- isobutyl
CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH(CH3)- sec-butyl
(CH3)2CH- isopropyl (CH3)3C- tert-butyl
Tertiary (3o) carbon
IUPAC Rules for Naming Alkanes Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms as the parent compound. Number the carbon atoms in the parent carbon
chain starting from the end closest to the first carbon atom that has an alkyl or other group.
Name the alkyl group and designate the position on the parent carbon chain by a number.
When the same alkyl group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth).
When several different alkyl groups are attached to the parent compound, list them in alphabetical order.
IUPAC Rules for Naming Alkanes Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms as the parent compound. Number the carbon atoms in the parent carbon
chain starting from the end closest to the first carbon atom that has an alkyl or other group.
Name the alkyl group and designate the position on the parent carbon chain by a number.
When the same alkyl group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth).
When several different alkyl groups are attached to the parent compound, list them in alphabetical order.
IUPAC Rules for Naming Alkanes Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms as the parent compound. Number the carbon atoms in the parent carbon
chain starting from the end closest to the first carbon atom that has an alkyl or other group.
Name the alkyl group and designate the position on the parent carbon chain by a number.
When the same alkyl group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth).
When several different alkyl groups are attached to the parent compound, list them in alphabetical order.
IUPAC Rules for Naming Alkanes Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms as the parent compound. Number the carbon atoms in the parent carbon
chain starting from the end closest to the first carbon atom that has an alkyl or other group.
Name the alkyl group and designate the position on the parent carbon chain by a number.
When the same alkyl group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth).
When several different alkyl groups are attached to the parent compound, list them in alphabetical order.
IUPAC Rules for Naming Alkanes Select the longest continuous chain of carbon
atoms as the parent compound. Number the carbon atoms in the parent carbon
chain starting from the end closest to the first carbon atom that has an alkyl or other group.
Name the alkyl group and designate the position on the parent carbon chain by a number.
When the same alkyl group branch chain occurs more than once, indicate this repetition by a prefix (di-, tri-, tetra-, and so forth).
When several different alkyl groups are attached to the parent compound, list them in alphabetical order.
Examples
CH2 CH
CH3
CH3CH2CH3parent alkane
alkyl group
12345
3-methylpentane
Examples
CH2 CH
CH3
CH3CH2CH3parent alkane
alkyl group
12345
3-methylpentane
Examples
CH2 CH
CH3
CH3CH2CH3parent alkane
alkyl group
12345
3-methylpentane
Examples
CH2 CH
CH3
CH3CH2CH3parent alkane
alkyl group
12345
2-methylpentane
Examples
1 2 3 4CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimethylbutane
CH3 CH2 C CH3
CH3
CH3
1234
2,2-dimethylbutane
Examples
1 2 3 4CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimethylbutane
CH3 CH2 C CH3
CH3
CH3
1234
2,2-dimethylbutane
Examples
1 2 3 4CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimethylbutane
CH3 CH2 C CH3
CH3
CH3
1234
2,2-dimethylbutane
Examples
1 2 3 4CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3
2,3-dimethylbutane
CH3 CH2 C CH3
CH3
CH3
1234
2,2-dimethylbutane
Examples
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
567
2,3,4,6-tetramethylheptane
Examples
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
567
2,3,4,6-tetramethylheptane
Note: Number the chain so that the substituents get the lowest possible numbers.
Examples
CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
1
2
3
4
567
2,3,4,6-tetramethylheptane
Note: Number the chain so that the substituents get the lowest possible numbers.
Examples
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH312
3 4 5 6
3-methylhexane
Examples
Caution: Be careful to choose the longest chain as the parent alkane.
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH312
3 4 5 6
3-methylhexane
Examples
Caution: Be careful to choose the longest chain as the parent alkane.
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 CH3
CH2 CH312
3 4 5 6
3-methylhexane
Examples
123456CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH CH CH3
CH3CH3
CH2 CH3
Cl
78
3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
Examples
123456CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH CH CH3
CH3CH3
CH2 CH3
Cl
78
3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
Examples
Note: Substituents are listed in alphabetical order.
123456CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C CH CH CH3
CH3CH3
CH2 CH3
Cl
78
3-chloro-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
1 2 3 4 5
CH2 CH3
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
1 2 3 4 5
CH2 CH3
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
1 2 3 4 5CH2 CH3CH3 CH2 CH
CH2 CH3
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
1 2 3 4 5CH2 CH3CH3 CH2 CH
CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
1 2 3 4 5
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
1 2 3 4 5CH2 CH3CH3 CH2 CH
CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3 CH3
1 2 3 4 5
Draw the Compounds 3-ethylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
1 2 3 4 5CH2 CH3CH3 CH2 CH
CH2 CH3
CH3 C
CH3
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3
1 2 3 4 5
Cycloalkanes
H2C CH2
CH2=
CH3
CH2H2C CH2
CH2CH
H2C
CH3
=
Cycloalkanes
H2C CH2
CH2=
CH3
CH2H2C CH2
CH2CH
H2C
CH3
=
Cyclopropane
Methylcyclohexane
Lineal representationLineal representation
Cycloalkanes
(CH2)5CH3
CH2
H2C CHCH2
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Cycloalkanes
(CH2)5CH3
CH2
H2C CHCH2
CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Lineal representationLineal representation 1-Cyclobutylhexane
Cycloalkanes
CH2H2C CH
CHCH2
H2C
CH2
CH3
CH3=
Cycloalkanes
1-Ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane
CH2H2C CH
CHCH2
H2C
CH2
CH3
CH3=
1
23
4
5
6
Name the Following Compounds
Name the Following Compounds
Methylcyclopropane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 3-Cyclopropylpentane
Geometric Isomerism in Cycloalkanes Geometric isomers have the same molecular
formula and the same order of attachment but a different orientation in space that cannot be overcome by rotation around a bond.
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane:
Geometric Isomerism in Cycloalkanes Geometric isomers have the same molecular
formula and the same order of attachment but a different orientation in space that cannot be overcome by rotation around a bond.
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane:
H3C CH3
H3C CH3
H H
H3C H
H CH3
1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
Geometric Isomerism in Cycloalkanes Geometric isomers have the same molecular
formula and the same order of attachment but a different orientation in space that cannot be overcome by rotation around a bond.
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane:
H3C CH3
H3C CH3
H H
H3C H
H CH3
1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
Geometric Isomerism in Cycloalkanes Geometric isomers have the same molecular
formula and the same order of attachment but a different orientation in space that cannot be overcome by rotation around a bond.
1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane:
H3C CH3
H3C CH3
H H
H3C H
H CH3
1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
cis-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane
Geometric Isomerism in CycloalkanesName the following compounds:
C
CCH
H3CH
CH3H
H
H3C
H H
C CH3
CH3H3C
H H
H H
H
H H
H
Geometric Isomerism in CycloalkanesName the following compounds:
C
CCH
H3CH
CH3H
H
H3C
H H
C CH3
CH3H3C
H H
H H
H
H H
H
trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane
Geometric Isomerism in CycloalkanesName the following compounds:
C
CCH
H3CH
CH3H
H
H3C
H H
C CH3
CH3H3C
H H
H H
H
H H
H
trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopropane cis-1-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane
Conformations of AlkanesEthane
• Staggered conformation
• Newman projection:
=
H
H H
H H
H
Staggered = 60o
Conformations of AlkanesEthane
• Eclipsed conformation
• Newman projection:
=
H
H H
H
HH
Eclipsed = 0o
Conformations of AlkanesEthane
• Eclipsed conformation
• Newman projection:
=
H
H H
H
HH
Eclipsed = 0o
~3 kcal/mole higher in energy than staggered conformation
Conformations of AlkanesButane
180o
120o
60o
0o
Erel 0 kcal/mol 3.4 kcal/mol 0.9 kcal/mol 6.1 kcal/mol
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Chair” conformation
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Chair” conformation
Equatorial hydrogens
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Chair” conformation
Axial hydrogens
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
H
H
HH
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Boat” conformation
HH
H
H
H H
H
H H
H
HH
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Boat” conformation
HH
H
H
H H
H
H H
H
HH Steric
interactions
Conformations of AlkanesCyclohexane
• “Boat” conformation
HH
H
H
H H
H
H H
H
HH Eclipsing
Conformations of Cyclohexane
chair
halfchair
twistboat
boat
E
Conformations of Substituted Cyclohexanes
Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes• Methylcyclohexane
CH3
CH3
Conformations of Substituted Cyclohexanes
Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes• Methylcyclohexane
CH3
CH3
Equatorial methyl group Axial methyl group
Conformations of Substituted Cyclohexanes
Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes• Methylcyclohexane
CH3H
H
CH3
Steric interactions
Conformations of Substituted Cyclohexanes
Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes• Methylcyclohexane
CH3H
H
CH3
steric interactions
Conformations of Substituted Cyclohexanes
Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes• Methylcyclohexane
CH3H
H
CH3
steric interactions
more stable
Organic Functional GroupsClass
Functional Group
Example
Alkene C C
CH3
H3C CH2Limonene
Organic Functional Groups
Alkyne
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Norethindrone
C C
O
COH CCH3
H
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Alkyl HalideX = F, Cl, Br, I
R X
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Alcohol R OH
CH3
H3C CH3
OH
2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol Menthol
Organic Functional Groups
O
H3C CH3
(CH2)4CH3HO
H3C
9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
THC
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Ether R O R'
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Aldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde
O
CR H
CC
C
O
H
H
H
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Ketone
Jasmone
CH3
CH3
OO
CR R'
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Carboxylic Acid
Ibuprofen
O
CR OH
C
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
OH
Organic Functional Groups
EsterO
CR O
R'C
O
OCH3
OH
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Methyl salicylate
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Amine
Mescaline
NR
R'R"
NH2
OCH3
H3CO
H3CO
Organic Functional Groups
ClassFunctional Group
Example
Amide
Lysergic acid diethylamide LSD
O
CR N
R'
R" N
N
CN
CH2CH3
CH2CH3
CH3
H
O
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Amide
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Ester
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3CKetone
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Ether
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Alcohol
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C
Alkene
Organic Functional Groups Paclitaxel (TAXOL, isolated from the Pacific yew tree, Taxus
brevifolia), is clinically useful in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Identify the functional groups in TAXOL.
OO
HOO
CH3 OHCH3
O O
CH3
H3C
CH5C6
O CCH3O
CN
CH5C6
OO C6H5
OHH
O
C
O
H3C