Post on 04-Jan-2016
description
transcript
Slide 1 of 45
Chemistry 14.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 45
14.2 The Gas Laws
This hot air balloon was designed to carry a passenger around the world. You will study some laws that will allow you to predict gas behavior under specific conditions, such as in a hot air balloon.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >
Slide 3 of 45
14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
How are the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas related?
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 4 of 45
The Gas Laws >14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
If the temperature is constant, as the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases.
Slide 5 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
Boyle’s law states that for a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure.
Slide 6 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 7 of 45
The Gas Laws > Boyle’s Law: Pressure and Volume
Simulation 15
Examine the relationship between gas, volume and pressure.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 8 of 45
14.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 9 of 45
14.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 10 of 45
14.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 11 of 45
14.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 12 of 45
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.1
Problem Solving 14.8
Solve Problem 8 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
Slide 13 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is constant.
Slide 14 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
As the temperature of the water increases, the volume of the balloon increases.
Slide 15 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
Charles’s law states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the pressure is kept constant.
Slide 16 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 17 of 45
The Gas Laws > Charles’s Law: Temperature and Volume
Simulation 16
Examine the relationship between gas volume and temperature.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 18 of 45
14.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 19 of 45
14.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 20 of 45
14.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 21 of 45
14.2
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 22 of 45
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.2
Problem Solving 14.10
Solve Problem 10 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
Slide 23 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
As the temperature of an enclosed gas increases, the pressure increases, if the volume is constant.
Slide 24 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
When a gas is heated at constant volume, the pressure increases.
Slide 25 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature if the volume remains constant.
Slide 26 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
A pressure cooker demonstrates Gay-Lussac’s Law.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 27 of 45
The Gas Laws > Gay-Lussac’s Law: Pressure and Temperature
Simulation 17
Examine the relationship between gas pressure and temperature.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 28 of 45
14.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 29 of 45
14.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 30 of 45
14.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 31 of 45
14.3
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 32 of 45
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.3
Problem Solving 14.12 Solve Problem 12 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >
Slide 33 of 45
14.2 The Combined Gas Law
The Combined Gas Law
When is the combined gas law used to solve problems?
Slide 34 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 The Combined Gas Law
The combined gas law describes the relationship among the pressure, temperature, and volume of an enclosed gas.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 35 of 45
The Gas Laws >14.2 The Combined Gas Law
The combined gas law allows you to do calculations for situations in which only the amount of gas is constant.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 36 of 45
14.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 37 of 45
14.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 38 of 45
14.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Slide 39 of 45
14.4
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 40 of 45
Practice Problems for Sample Problem 14.4
Problem Solving 14.14
Solve Problem 14 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.
Slide 41 of 45
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
The Gas Laws >14.2 The Combined Gas Law
Weather balloons carry data-gathering instruments high into Earth’s atmosphere. At an altitude of about 27,000 meters, the balloon bursts.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 42 of 45
Section Quiz
-or-Continue to: Launch:
Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section
14.2 Section Quiz.
14.2.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 43 of 45
14.2 Section Quiz.
1. If the volume of a gas in a container were reduced to one fifth the original volume at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas in the new volume would be
a. one and one fifth times the original pressure.
b. one fifth of the original pressure.
c. four fifths of the original pressure.
d. five times the original pressure.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 44 of 45
14.2 Section Quiz.
2. A balloon appears slightly smaller when it is moved from the mountains to the seashore at constant temperature. The best gas law to explain this observation would be
a. Gay-Lussacs's Law.
b. Graham's Law.
c. Boyle's Law.
d. Charles's Law.
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 45 of 45
14.2 Section Quiz.
3. At 46°C and 89 kPa pressure, a gas occupies a volume of 0.600 L. How many liters will it occupy at 0°C and 20.8 kPa?
a. 0.600 L
b. 2.58 L
c. 0.140 L
d. 2.20 L
END OF SHOW