Post on 17-Nov-2014
description
transcript
Computers for Management
(JSB 107)
Debasis Dasconsultdebasis.com
Content
1. Computer Fundamentals 2. Introduction to computer
Hardware3. Networking4. Introduction to Software 5. Application Software 6. Internet Applications 7. Lab Sessions
2Debasis Das
Recommended Books
• Rajaraman, V.: Fundamentals of Computer, PHI
• Norton, P.: Introduction to Computers, TMH
• Narang, R.: Database Management System, PHI
• Tangny & Mahony, O.: Local Area Network and Their Application, PHI
• NIIT: Understanding Business Information System, PHI
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Why do we needComputers?
• Get more work done
• Get work done faster
• Get more complex work done
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How Do ComputersDo it?
• Are they more intelligent?• They work unimaginably fast• They are able to take simple
logical decisions• They don’t get tired• They don’t need a break• They don’t fall sick (usually)
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Computer Fundamentals
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Objectives & Scopeof
Computer Applications
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Objectives
• It is a general purpose tool• Can be applied to a very large range
of problems• It can handle huge volumes of data• Personal computers are aids to
personal productivity
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Basic Computer
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Basic Cycle
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ListOf
Instructions
MindlessBut
Faithfulclerk
1. Get next instruction
2. Make out What is to beDone.
Tempstorage
3. Get operands
4. Get operation done
5. Storeresults
In Von Neumann Stored memory architectureThe instructions, operands, temporary and final results are in same memory.
Computer Basic Cycle
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Fetch next instruction, incrementpointer
Execute
Decode the instruction
Store Results
Fetch operands, if necessary
Computer Systems
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Basic HardwareArrangement
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Memorysystem
ProcessorI/O
devices
System Bus
Bus
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Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Bus
ProcessorInternals
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Instruction Pointer
Address bus
Instruction DecoderOperand Register
AccumulatorControl
UnitGeneral Purpose
Registers
Data bus
Control Bus
Data Representation
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Positional Notation
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123 = 1 x 10^2 + 2 x 10^1 + 3 x 10^0; base 10 number system
Digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
101 = 1 x 2^2 + 0 x 2^1 + 1 X 2^0; base 2 number system
Digits are 0, 1 (binary digits or Bits)
Introductionto
Computer Hardware
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Processor
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Processor Types
• Simple processor• Pipelined processor• Superscaler processor• Parallel Processor• VLIW processor• Array processor• RISC & CISC processors
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Processor Types
• Single core
• Dual core
• Multiple core
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Memory Systems
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Memory Organization
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123
n
Word Address Bus
Data Bus
Memory Types
• R A M
– Dynamic, Static
• R O M
–Manufactured, Field Programmable,
Flash
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Memory Hierarchy
• Main memory
• Secondary memory
• Cache memory
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Storage Devices
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Storage Types
• Magnetic disks
• Flash disks
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I/O Devices
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Interface to The World
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Mouse
• Printer
• Scanner
• And lots of others
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Networking
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Why Network!
• Prime motivation is resource sharing
• Most other reasons are derivatives
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Local Area Networking
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Network Configuration
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Connected somewaySoftware support
Network Model
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Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data link layer
Physical
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data link layer
Physical
Node to node
End to end
Layer Functionality http://transition.fcc.gov/pshs/techtopics/tech-ip-interop.html
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Wide AreaNetworking
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Communications Technologies
• Wired, co-ax cables, submarine cables
• RF Communication• Fiber communication• Satellite communication
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Introductionto
Software
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Algorithms &
Flowcharts
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Algorithms
• Process/method to solve a problem• Step by step process• Deterministic• Iterative• Recursive
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Flowcharts
• Graphical representation of a process• Could be used to represent an
algorithm• Could be used to represent a
complete program
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Programming Languages
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Program
• A set of statements in a given language
• Properties– Finite– Effective– Efficient
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Programming Languages
• Machine language
• Assembly language
• High level language
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Different Kinds of
Software
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System Software
• Software that comes with the system• Usually the software required to run
the system properly– Operating system– Assemblers– Compilers– Linker– Loader– Etc.
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Application Software
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Application Software
• Everything else that helps get
something done with the computer
• Usually to solve just one set of
problems
• Takes specific inputs and outputs
specific data
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WordProcessing
• Microsoft Word, Open Office Writer• Helps create documents• Caters to all the formatting
requirements• Lets you combine other elements
besides text• Takes care of printing of the
documents
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Spreadsheet
• Table based calculations made possible• Data is arranged in rows and columns• Rows and columns can be related
through embedded formula• What-if scenarios can be studies, as
data changes in the main set will automatically generate data in other cells
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Presentation
• Electronic equivalent of flip chart presentation
• Slides could be created and presented one by one
• Each slide, like flip carts can have text and graphics
• Automatic shows can be created
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DatabaseManagement
Systems• Large amount of tabular data can be
created• In the relational database version
one such table may be related to another one
• Many such databases could be created within a DBMS
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Internet Applications
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Concept of the Internet
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Internet
• Interconnected set of computers• Network of networks• Open & Heterogeneous• Follows standards• Anyone can connect to the Internet
through an ISP
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Applications ofthe
Internet
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Major Applications
• World Wide Web
• Millions of others
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WebpageDevelopment
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What is a Web Page
• A poster hanging in the cyber space
somewhere?
• How do we find a specific page?
• What’s a search engine?
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Vital Parts of a Web Page
• Content
• Format
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Lab Sessions
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Lab Tasks
• Compose a one page resume• Develop a spreadsheet for marks,
calculate class average, calculate grade
• Develop a 10 slide presentation on the workshop-what you learnt
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