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Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Converging 2G/3G and UMTS/CDMA on Common Backhaul Infrastructure
Session 4 • April 2, 2008 • 2:00 p.m. PT
Presented byPanelists
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Today’s Speakers
Stéphane TéralPrincipal Analyst, SP VoIP, IMS, and Mobile Infrastructure
Dan KurschnerSystems Marketing
Manager
Bruce MillerCTO & VP of Engineering
Aviv RonaiChief Marketing officer
Craig CowdenVP, Cable/VoIP & Access Strategy
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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• …with many flavors, and many technologies
• And is accelerating bandwidth demand for cell site backhaul– Migration from TDM to Ethernet-based backhaul services is critical
for achieving the scalability, bandwidth upgrade agility, and unit cost targets to enable profitable growth in data services
Mobile Broadband Is Taking Off…
iPhone
GSM/EDGE
XOHM
WiMAX
Next G Mobile Web 2.0
CDMA2000 EV-DOW-CDMA/HSPA
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications • Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Problems and Challenges
• Situation– Mobile operators traditionally have relied on LEC T1 circuit switched
connectivity as the default backhaul option – Trend: Unlimited voice and data services increase BH traffic demand– As backhaul capacity grows, opex grows faster than supporting revenues
• Action– Must find BH solutions that decouple current cost-capacity dynamic
• Result– Evolve to Ethernet infrastructure while preserving capital investments
– Pursue hybrid fixed wireless/wireline backhaul architecture
– Bandwidth upgrade speed is logical (vs. physical) and flexible
– Maintain carrier-class performance requirements
As wireless carriers add capacity intensive apps and services,backhaul efficiency must be optimized to sustain margins
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Problems and Challenges
• What to implement to meet my requirements for today and tomorrow?– Short term solution for my immediate needs, but will be obsolete in 2-3 years?
– Delay implementing broadband backhaul until my network is all-IP?
– Is there a solution for my immediate needs and future all IP broadband requirements?
• Design a Carrier Ethernet network to support the needs of the mobility user– Latency - Clock Distribution - Open Standards - Quality of Service - High Availability -
Multimedia Services
• Find technology partner able to support my evolving requirementsover time– Will my technology partner deliver what was promised?
– Will the features they provide be in their development main stream, so that future upgrades and scaling can be accomplished without heavy lift or expense?
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Ethernet and TDM Coexistence
Microwave is the dominantbackhaul technology
Source: Heavy Reading, Ethernet BackhaulQuarterly Market Tracker, Nov 2007
~80% of 3G cell sites arecollocated with 2G cell sites
Microwave backhaul is required to carry both Ethernet & TDM traffic
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Mobile Backhaul Technology Evolution
TDMNxT1/E1 …
NxT1
BTBTSS
PDH Transport– DS1 equipped intermediate facilities– Challenge: Operational cost savings and
evolution to Ethernet DS1
FacilitiesOr
Microwave
TDM
Ethernet
NxT1/E1 …NxT1
BTBTSS
Optimization
TDM …EoPDH
Copper and TDM Microwave Evolution
TDM
Ethernet
NxT1/E1 …NxT1
BTBTSS
Optimization
PWE
Circuit EmulationEthernet
Fiber and Ethernet Microwave Ethernet Evolution
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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New Options and Solutions
• Sprint has several solutions available for 2G/3G backhaul depending on economics, availability, and network performance– Preferred wireline-based solutions include:
• Fiber to the cell site via cable MSOs, AAVs, or dark fiber
• Ethernet over hybrid fiber/coax using DOCSIS from cable MSOs• Ethernet over copper from AAVs
• Migration to Ethernet requires either circuit emulation or retrofitting BTSs
– Preferred multi-tier hybrid fixed wireless/wireline solutions include:• LMDS – point-to-point and point-to-multi-point
• Common carrier microwave• BRS (2.5Ghz spectrum)
– Sprint’s deployment of a converged backhaul solution for WiMAX will be leveraged for 2G/3G backhaul
• Initial 2G/3G convergence will be TDM with migration to Ethernet dependent on economics of retrofitting existing BTS to IP across all vendors
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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New Options and Solutions
• Extend the IP/MPLS core capabilities into the RAN backhaul network
• Support inter-MSC and inter-RNC transport over CE/MPLS• Convergence of ALL RAN traffic, regardless of generation or
technology (2G, 3G, GSM, CDMA …)• Carrier Ethernet implementation that fulfills all mobile requirements
– Low latency– Clock distribution– IP security– High availability
• 5 x 9’s capable• > 50ms route recovery • Path redundancy
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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New Options and Solutions:Carrier Ethernet Acceleration
Identity Address Mgmt
Portal Subscriber DatabaseMonitoring Policy
DefinitionBilling
Service Exchange
Core NetworkIP / MPLS
Aggregation NetworkMPLS/IP
Carrier Ethernet Aggregation
DSL Access Node
Residential BNG
Business MSE
Business
Corporate
Access EdgeResidential
STB
Residential
STB
Business
Corporate
Distribution Node
Aggregation Node
Ethernet Access Node
Aggregation Node
STP ETTX
Access Rings
Wireless
VoD
Content Network
TV SIP
E1: $300-400 Mbps/mo
T1: $250-350 Mbps/mo
10Mb Ethernet: $80-100 Mbps/mo
100Mb Ethernet: $15-20
Mbps/moSource: Infonetics
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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How the RAN Could Look in 0–3 Years
PW ov erIP/MPLS
IP/MPLS
BTS
BSC
Node B
RNC
MGW
Cell site10,000+
Pre Agg500+
Aggregation30+
Core site2+
Voice
DataGGSNSGSN
BTS
Microwave
RAN Core
PW ov erIP/MPLS
Synchronous Ethernet and 1588
CellSite
Node B
IP/MPLS
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Migration
• Solutions must fully support today’s hybrid network– TDM, ATM, possibly IP/Ethernet
• As older technologies phase out, new technologies expand
• Need to scale
• Need to support new applications that may not be considered at this time– Most applications running over networks today were not
thought of 10 years ago
The answer:
• Flexible, powerful platforms and software based on open standards
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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MPLS
• Established standard to manage traffic flows
• Ease of interoperability between vendors
• Ease of interoperability between Layers 2 and 3
• Best support for traffic mix
• Proven to support all types of traffic as more and different applications are introduced to the Packet Network
• Supports more than just point-to-point– P2MP, IPTV (Unicast, Multicast, etc.)
• De-centralized intelligence ensures fast reaction and handling of all traffic during network difficulties
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Proposed Migration Models
Enjoy Both Worlds
TDMoETH
ETH & TDM
Map TDM over packet (PWE)All Packet When
Safe & FamiliarSonet/SDH Map Ethernet over PDH/ SDH ETHoTDM
Native2 Carry natively each traffic
ETH
nXT1/E1
Control
?
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Ethernet Increases Reliability
Dynamic Adaptive Modulation• Graceful link degradation
and recovery
• Drop traffic based onClass of Service
• Optimal performancewhen used in Ethernet
• Goal– Improve operational efficiency of microwave links by increasing network
capacity over existing infrastructure while reducing sensitivity to environmental interferences
• How does it work?– Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing
environmental conditions– Hitless and errorless switchover between modulation schemes based
on signal quality
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Not All traffic Is Created Equal
Or the equivalent
0
50
100
150
200
250
Availability Capacity Adaptive - Both
99.9%
99.99%99.999%
With Adaptive Ethernet Microwave: (Win-Win)Gain overall capacity while increasing availability
Single service:50Mbps @99.999%or155Mbps @99.99%
Multiple services (Σ = 200Mbps)50Mbps @99.999%105Mbps @99.99%45Mbps @99.9%
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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GSM Wireless Backhaul Optimization
Optimized connectionsOptimization
10-20%
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
Remove unwanted bits Silence
suppressionDynamic Pooling
45% 15-40%10%Signalling
Non GSM systems
30% - 50% Bandwidth Gain
<< Incremental Efficiency Gains
BSC
Sector 1
Sector 2Sector 3
SignallingNon GSM systems
Sector 2 trafficSector 2 traffic
Sector 3 trafficSector 3 traffic
EDGEEDGE
Sector 1 trafficSector 1 traffic
Standard cell site connectivity
BSC
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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EoPDH for Mobile Backhaul
• Enables mobile operators to backhaul and aggregate data services over a Carrier Ethernet infrastructure– Terminates PDH circuits at hub sites resulting in more efficient (lower OpEx)
transport of 4G IP services– Natural evolution of current TDM-based backhaul network to more efficiently
transport high growth IP-centric applications• Enables subscriber data service aggregation and oversubscription over Carrier Ethernet
transport network between switching hubs
Bonded T1s/E1s
LECLEC
Ethernet Frame
T1s/E1s in OC-n/STM-n
EoPDHCLE
EoPDHAggregator
Mobile Mobile Switching Switching Center or Center or Switching Switching
HubHubCell Site Cell Site
RANRAN
Ethernet Service Frame (EVC)
MicrowaveBackhaul Provider
Switching Switching HubHubSwitching Switching
HubHub
InternetInternet
Aggregated DS1/E1
PDH, SONET/SDH
Ethernet
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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CDMA Optimization:Aggregation CDMA 2000 and EV-DO
AlarmAccess
Cell Site
Data Switch or Router
Mobile Switching Office
CDMA 2000
CDMA AMPS
AlarmAccess
EV-DOT1 to OC-3 to Ethernet
Cell Site
CDMA2000T1
T1CDMA AMPS
T1
T1
BTS
Digital Cross-connects
Mobile Switching Office
CSU/DSU
CSU/DSU
CSU/DSU
CSU/DSU
CSU/DSU
CDMA EV-DO
CDMA 2000
Interwork EV-DO and CDMA 2000 so that CDMA backhaul can be optimized by at least 3:2, and most likely by a much higher ratio
Before – Circuit BasedCostly Multiple-T1 Cell Site Backhaul
After – Packet BasedCost Efficient Cell Site Data NetworkPlus Remote Management
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Migration to IP RAN Transport with Pseudowires
Public Internet
RNC3GBSC
2G
IP Services
3G
2G
TDMSONET/SDH
ATM
Metro Ethernet IP/MPLS
4G
3G2G
• Evolutionary migration converges both IP and legacy services to packet/IP-based transport
• Leverages cost effective Ethernet services/technology• Support future technologies such as UMTS Rel. 5&6, and HSDPA• Enhanced QoS traffic prioritization
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Hybrid Fixed Wireless/Wireline Architecture
Microwave
LMDSAnd/Or
Ethernet over DWDM
iDEN
1xRTT
DO-0&A
4G
iDEN1xRTT
DO-0&A4G
Backhaul
Aggregation
Tier 1Wireless Aggregation Converged Backhaul
Tier 2Backhaul Hub to Sprint Facilities
SprintSwitch
BRS (2.5Ghz)
Ethernet over SONETAnd/Or
Third Party Provider
And/Or
And/Or
Enterprise
Enterprise
NOTE: Migrating 2G/3G to Ethernet requires circuit emulation (pseudowire) or retrofitting BTS to be Ethernet ready.
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Upgrade from SDH/PDH to CEUsing Same Architecture
RAN Core
AccessLayer
AggregationLayer
RAN Edge
. .. . . . .
STM1/4 Ring
STM1/4 Ring
STM1/4 Ring
STM1/4 Ring
STM4/16 Ring
622M/2.5G
Agg SiteBSC
RNC
Agg SiteBSC RNC
STM1/4 Ring
Agg Site
BSC
RNC SGSN
MGW
MSCServer
SIGTRAN-
Control Plane
Voice
Bearer
Plane
Packet
CoreSTM1/4 Ring. . .
Cell Site
Cell Site
Cell SiteSTM4/16
Ring622M/2.5G
STM16/DWDM
2.5G/10G
Cell Site
RAN CoreAccessLayer
Aggregation
Layer
RAN Edge
. .. . . . .
GE Ring
GE Ring
GE Ring
GE Ring
10GE RingAgg Site
BSC
RNC
Agg SiteBSC
RNC
GE Ring
Agg Site
BSC
RNC SGSN
MGW
MSCServer
SIGTRAN-
Control Plane
Voice
Bearer
Plane
Packet
CoreGE Ring. . .
Cell Site
Cell Site
Cell Site10GE Ring
IPoDWDM Ring
Cell Site
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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High Availability Options
Resilient Fabric MPLS-TE FRRNSF-SSOISSU
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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CDMA, GSM, and Fixed Networks over CE/MPLS
PSTN
Internet/Intranet
IP/MPLSCore
BSC
RNC
MSC
BSCBSC
RNCEVDO
GSM CDMA
CDMA-BTS
GSM - BTS
Node-B
DOM
CDMA-BTS
GSM - BTS
Node-B
DOM
RNCUMTS
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Backhaul Considerations
1. What bandwidth to plan to?2. Where is the right spot for placing a Pseudowire (PW) engine?3. When is the right time?4. What would be the best deployment business model?5. What statistical gains to assume?
Aggregate SwitchPOP
Base Station
Aggregation Backhaul BS Backhaul
Control
Access Backhaul Aggregation Backhaul
• Capacity
• Availability
• End-to-end (latency, QOS, reliability)
• Scalability: 20-100 Mbit/s
• Low cost: a lot of base stations
• Network utilization: (TDM/packet mix)
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Native2 Microwave RAN access
Tail site #1
Tail site #2
Tail site #3
Tail site #4
Aggregation site
Chain site
Fiber site
Native2
1+0
Native2
1+0
Native2
1+0
Native2
1+0
Native2
1+1
Native2
1+1
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation
network or leased lines
RNC/BSC
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
n x T1/E1
Ethernet
Channelized STM1/OC3
MW Radio link
IP-10 with integratedEthernet switching & TDM cross-connect
Ethernet and TDM Coexistence
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Real-World Customer Deployment:Architecture Today
DS0 grooming of GSM / UMTS links with T1 backhaul
Cell site
Cell site
UMTS
GSM
SIAD
BSC
SMLC
MSC
RNC
SGSN
MGW
MSNLMU TDMA
T1
10/100Ethernet
T1
T1
T1
Ethernet
LEC T1 Backhaulnetwork
EMS SystemAlarming
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Real-World Customer Deployment:Architecture for HSDPA Offload
• UMTS IMA switched to backhaul ATM/DS3C• IMA T1 to NodeB• HSDPA over PWE/Ethernet
Cell site
Cell site
UMTS
SIAD
BSC
SMLC
MSC
RNC
SGSN
MGW
MSNLMU TDMA
HSDPAData offload
T1/IMA
DS3c
T1/IMA
10/100Ethernet
GSMT1
V.35 T1
Ethernet
EthernetServices from
LEC
TDM / ATMServices from
LEC
EMS SystemAlarming
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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iConnect™ Wireless Backhaul
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Cisco in the RAN PortfolioIntelligent Broadband at Reduced Costs
2G3G4G
PWE3
PSTN
Internet/Intranet
IP/MPLSCore
BSC
RNC
MSC
Pseudowire over MPLSPseudowire over MPLSCisco 7609
BSC RNC
Cisco 7600Cisco 7606 Cisco 7604
BSC RNC
Cisco 7606MWR-1941
HSDPA Data via PWE3
All Traffic and Clock
via PWE3
ACE-3200
PWE3/MPLS via
CE Microwave
CE/MPLS
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Native2 Microwave RAN Backhaul
Pre-Aggregation Site
Aggregation Site Core Site BSC
RNC
XC
XC
Ceragon FibeAir
Native2
Pseudow ireCeragon FibeAir
Cisco 7600
Cell Site Gateway Cisco 7600
IP/MPLS
Tail site
Tail site
Ethernet
E1/T1 (TDM/ATM)
OC-3/STM-1
Pseudow ire
Fiber Site
Native2
Native2
Microwave radio with integrated networking and nodal capabilities
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Native2 to the Hub/Agg/Chain Site; Pseudowire to the Network
Terminate the TDM/ATM as soon as possible: At the hub. Reopen at the Network Controller.
Aggregation Site Core SiteNative Ethernet
BSC
RNC
XC
Pseudow ireXC
Ceragon FibeAir
Cisco 7600
Native2
Pseudow ireCeragon FibeAir
Pseudowire
Cell Site Gateway Cisco 7600
IP/MPLS
IP/MPLS
Tail site
Tail site
Ethernet
E1/T1 (TDM/ATM)
OC-3/STM-1
Pseudow ire
Pre-Aggregation Site
Cisco 7600
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Turin’s Approach
• Turin Networks’ solutions enable wireless operators to:– Build a unified RAN to distribute 2G/3G services while greatly reducing space,
power and cost
– Assure OPEX and CAPEX savings via software definable architecture and cell site Multi-Service Transport
– Seamlessly migrate access networks from TDM to ATM to IP/Ethernet technologies
– Allow use of lower cost transport alternatives to carry (or offload) existing services as bandwidth demands increase
– Begin to transition existing TDM, SONET/SDH and ATM network infrastructures to true IP based/IMS networks
Turin’s iConnect wireless backhaul solutions support any service over any transport enabling the operator to deliver high
revenue-generating data services while reducing operating costs by an average of 25% with an ROI of less than 12 months
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Agenda
• Market Trends• Problems to Be Solved• New Options and Solutions• Service Provider Deployment Applications• Sponsor Approaches• Conclusions• Q&A
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Conclusions
• The wireless industry needs to cut backhaul unit cost, and redirect spend away from the LECs
– Sprint believes per Mb price points need to be at least 50% below LEC T1 rates
• Vendors are embracing the challenge and proposing various solutions:
– Cisco: Carrier Ethernet-based platform– Ceragon: Native2 (carrying natively each traffic type) and/or Pseudowire
– Turin: iConnect, which supports any service over any transport
• Bottom Line– Aggregating bandwidth demand across all wireless platforms, existing
and future, is the name of the game…– …with Ethernet as the focal technology
Copyright © 2008 Inf onetics Research, Inc.
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Today’s Speakers
Stéphane TéralPrincipal Analyst, SP VoIP, IMS, and Mobile Infrastructure
Dan KurschnerSystems Marketing
Manager
Bruce MillerCTO & VP of Engineering
Aviv RonaiChief Marketing officer
Craig CowdenVP, Cable/VoIP & Access Strategy