Post on 15-Jun-2018
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ECET 211 Electric Machines & Control
Lecture 1-1
Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution
Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology
P.E. States of Indiana & California
Dept. of Computer, Electrical and Information Technology
Purdue University Fort Wayne Campus
Prof. Paul Lin
1-1. Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution
The Electrical Power System• Electrical Power Generation (power plants): Generators
• Step-up Transmission Substation: Step-up Transformers
• Electrical Power Transmission Lines: Conductors, Insulation, Towers
• Step--down Transmission Substation (Transformers)
• Distribution Substations
• Industrial, Commercial, and Residential Customers
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Electrical Power Generation
Education Activities: The Anatomy of an Electric System, I&M Power Company, 23:51 minutes video, https://www.indianamichiganpower.com/info/educational/• Electricity:
The flow or motion of electron through a conductor
Measured by voltage and current
Current is the flow of electricity through wires
Voltage
Conductor: Copper & Aluminum
Insulator
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Electrical Power Generation
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4524
Generation• Generation Overview
• Utility Industry Overview
• Generation Plant Types
• Generation Fuel Types
• Power Generation
• Generation Dispatch
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Electrical Power Generation
Hydroelectric Power, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1:03 minutes video, http://www.tva.gov/power/hydro.htm
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Electrical Power Generation
Coal-Fire Power Plant, Tennessee Valley Authority, 0:28 minutes video, http://www.tva.gov/power/coalart.htm
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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation Electrical Power Generation, Tennessee Valley Authority
• Raccoon Mountain Pump-Storage, http://www.tva.gov/sites/raccoonmt.htm; Pump-Storage Facility Diagram, http://www.tva.gov/power/hydro.htm
• Two reservoirs
• The stored water can
be release to turn the
turbine and generate
electricity
• During periods of low demand for electricity (nights and weekends): Reversing the turbine and pumping water from the lower to the upper reservoir
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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation Example 11. How much energy can be stored in a pump-storage
facility if
• Two reservoirs are separated by 500 meter in altitude.
• Each reservoir: 2.0 km square and 20 meter deep
Answer:
Step 1. Find the total amount of water (kg) to be pumped
Amount of water: deep x area = 20 m * 2000 m * 2000 m = 80 x 106 m3 = 80 x 109 kg; (1 cc of water has a mass of 1.0g and 1.0 m3 of water has a mass of 100 kg)
Step 2. Computer stored energy W = m*g*h (neglect all losses)
W = 80x109 kg * 9.82 m/s2 * 500 m = 392.8 x 1012 Joules = 392.8 TeraJoules
Step 3. Convert energy w in Joule to kWh (kilo-watt-hour)
1 kwh = 3.6 Mega Joule = 3.6 x 106 Joule
Energy W (kwh) = 392.8 x 1012 / 3.6 x 106 = 109 kwh
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1T. L. Skvarenina and W. E. DeWitt, Electrical Power and Control, 2nd Ed, Prentice Hall
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Delivery System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to
765,000 volts (69 kV – 765 kV)
• Transmission System
• Substations
• Distribution System
• Distribution Transformers
• Service Drop
• Service Entrance
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Delivery System Overview: voltage ranged from 69,000 volts to
765,000 volts (69 kV – 765 kV)
• Transmission System:
Transmission Voltages: • 69 kV and 138 kV system
• Also 44 kV, 115 kV, 161 kV, 169 kV, and 230 kV systems
Parts: Step-up Transformers, Switchyard, Towers, Wires, Insulators, and Circuits
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Substations:
Transmission Substations
Interconnection to Other Utilities
Distribution Substations
Parts
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Distribution System
• Distribution Transformers
• Service Drop
• Service Entrance
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Distribution System
Distribution Voltages
• Primary line voltages:
ranged from 2,300 to 39,000 volts
• Common primary voltages: 2.3,
4.16 12.47, 13.8, 25.0, 34.5 kV
• Common secondary voltages: 120,
208, 240, 277, and 480 volts
Types of Distribution Systems
Parts
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Distribution System
Distribution Voltages
Types of Distribution Systems
• Overhead/Underground
• Single Phase Distribution Lines
• Three Phase Distribution Lines
• Radial, Loop & Network Systems
Parts
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Electrical Power: Delivery
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4451
Delivery• Distribution System
Distribution Voltages
Types of Distribution Systems
• …
• Radial, Loop & Network Systems
Prof. Paul Lin 15Network system
Loop system
Radial system
1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4567
Rates & Calculations• Ohm’s Law: V = I * R (volt = current x resistance)
• Watt’s Law:
Single phase power = V * I * power factor
Three phase power = 1.732 * V * I * power factor
• Voltage Drop – Definition
• Calculating Energy Use & Cost
• Calculating Electric Bills
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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4567
Rates & Calculations• Voltage Drop – Definition
I * Resistance of current carrying conductors
120 V Breaker Box: 117 volt = 120 volt – 3 volt (10 ft wire)
120 V Breaker Box: 110 volt = 120 volt – 10 volt (100 ft wire)
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1-1-1. Electrical Power Generation
I&M Power Company, http://c03.apogee.net/contentplayer/?coursetype=foe&utilityid=indianamichiganpower-in&id=4567
Rates & Calculations• Calculating Energy Use & Cost
Energy Used kWh (kilo-watt-hour) = Power x Time
kWh = kW x Hours
8737 kWh
• Calculating Electric Bills
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I&M Electric Bills - Samples
May 2015: 635 KWH ($78.44); June 2015: 390 KWH ($51.11)
I&M Charges May June
• Tariff 015 – Residential Service $ 7.3 7.3
• Current Billing: 54.83 33.67
• Fuel Adj @0.0014980 – per KWH: -0.95 -0.58
• Depreciation credit: ____ -0.06
• PJM Cost: 4.27 2.62
• Off-System Sales Margin Sharing -1.41 -0.86
• Energy Efficiency Program Cost 3.01 1.85
• Environmental Compliance Cost 0.06 0.03
• Cook Nuclear Plant Life Cycle Cost 2.42 1.49
• Capacity Settlement Rider 2.99 1.83
• Federal Mandate Rider 0.79 0.48
• State Sales Tax 5.31 3.34
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OSHA Reference: Illustrated Glossary
Electrical Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), US Dept. of Labor, https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/electric_power/illustrated_glossary/substation.html• Substations:
Step-up Transmission Substation
Step-down Transmission Substation
Distribution Substation
Underground Distribution Substation
Substation Functions
Substation Equipment
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