Energy Efficient Lighting Technologies, Standards and Potential

Savings

Tbilisi, 15 December 2015

B U I L D I N G P A R T N E R S H I P S F O R E N E R G Y S E C U R I T Y

www.inogate.org

Lighting technologies

Global impact of lighting products

• Lighting responsible for 15% of global

electricity consumption

• More than the combined output of the

world’s nuclear power stations

• Overnight switch to LED lights globally

could remove need for 250 coal fired

power plants tomorrow

Source: CEM, 2015

All lighting

Domestic sector

(household)

Tertiary sector

(commercial)Street

Non-directional

Directional

Segmentation of lighting technologies used

by EU Regulations

Office

Domestic non-directional lighting

technologies

Incandescent

a.k.a. GLS

Halogen CFL LED

200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen 200 lumen

40 W 28 W 11 W 2 W

1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 15,000 hrs 25,000 hrs

Banned

(still available)

€2.00

Phase out 2017

€4.85 €4.40

Directional or Non-directional?

Source: Lighting Europe, 2013

Domestic directional lighting technologies

Incandescent

(GLS)

Tungsten halogen

(MV and LV)

LED

400 Lumens 400 Lumens 400 Lumens

40 W 40 W 6 W

1,500 hrs 2,500 hrs 25,000 hrs

€1.30 €1.50 €9.00

Commercial lighting technologies

• Commercial lighting is available in a very wide range of types

and sizes

• Correspondingly, lumens, watts and prices vary widely too

Related equipment – can be sold separately

or be integrated into products

Ballasts

Lamp holder

Control gear

Fluorescent lamp starters

Luminaire

Street lighting technologies

High Pressure

mercury vapour

High Pressure

Sodium

Metal halide LED

24,000 lumens 27,500 lumens 36,000 lumens 15,000 lumens

500W 250 W 400 W 150 W

18,000 hrs 18,000 hrs 12,500 hrs 75,000 hrs

Rel. inexpensive,

mercury!

Rel. inexpensive Rel. inexpensive Rel. expensive

Electricity Consumption for LightingEU-28, TWh in 2013 (VHK, MELISA model)

• Largest energy user in lighting is Linear Fluorescent – 35%• Second largest user is high-intensity discharge (HID) – 17%• Compact fluorescent is also significant with 7% of energy

382.3 TWh

The Future is LED

• LED bulbs are a far superior technology

• Prices are falling

• Light quality is improving

• Efficiency is improving

• Lifespans are at least 10x greater than

incandescent and halogen bulbs

Growing LED market

Industry refocus to LED

COP21 10 Billion LEDs Goal

• Announced on 7 December, 2015 at COP21

• Commitments from China, India, US, Ikea Group

• Support from Phillips, Osram, Cree

Harmonised European Measurement

Standards

• What are measurement standards?

• What are harmonised measurement

standards?

• How are they used?

• Are there any relevant to lighting?

European Measurement Standards

Relevant to Lighting

• EN 60064: ‘Tungsten filament lamps for domestic and similar general lighting purposes - Performance requirements’.

• EN 13032-1 (2004), Lighting applications — Measurement and presentation of photometric data of lamps and luminaires — Part 1:

Measurement and file format

• EN 12464-1 (2004): ‘Light and Lighting Lighting of indoor work places.’

• EN 12665 (2002): ‘Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements’

• prEN 15193 (2006): ‘Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting’.

• EN 13201-3: Road Lighting. Calculation of performance

• EN 13201-4: Road Lighting. Methods of measuring lighting performance

• EN 60598-1: Luminaires Part 1 : General requirements and tests

• EN 60598-2-3: Luminaires –Part 2-3 : Particular requirements –Luminaires for road and street lighting

• EN 60901: Single-capped fluorescent lamps – Performance specifications

• EN 60081 : ‘Double-capped fluorescent lamps - Performance specifications’.

• EN 60921: Ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements

• EN 50294 : ‘Measurement Method of Total Input Power of Ballast-Lamp Circuits’.

• EN 60923: Auxiliaries for lamps – Ballasts for discharge lamps (excluding tubular fluorescent lamps) – Performance requirements

• EN 60927: Specification for auxiliaries for lamps. Starting devices (other than glow starters). Performance requirements

• EN 60929: AC-supplied electronic ballasts for tubular fluorescent lamps – Performance requirements

• EN 61048 : Auxiliaries for Lamps - Capacitors for Use in Tubular Fluorescent and Other Discharge Lamp Circuits - General and Safety

Requirements

• EN 61167: Metal halide lamps –Performance

• EN 62035: Discharge Lamps (Excluding Fluorescent Lamps) - Safety Specifications

• There are a lot of measurement and performance standards

in Europe

• Developed by CEN, CENELEC, ETSI – European standard

bodies

Example energy saving potential

• Lamp level (x1)

• Household level (x15)

LED (4W) Halogen (40W)

1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr

4 kWh/yr 40 kWh/yr

£0.48 per year £4.80 per year

LED (4W) Halogen (40W)

1000 hrs/yr 1,000 hrs/yr

60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr

£7.20 per year £72.00 per year

10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED

downlights

Example energy saving potential

• UK level (30M households)

• Energy saving potential: 16,200 GWh / yr

• Cost saving potential: £1.94 Billion / yr

• V. simple assumptions! – No time profile, no discounting

LED (4W) Halogen (40W)

60 kWh/yr 600 kWh/yr

1,800 GWh / yr 18,000 GWh / yr

£216M / yr £2,160M / yr

10x the amount of energy/cost using Halogen versus LED

downlights

Time Profile

• Policy appraisal period 1980 – 2030

• Start depends on product lifetime

• Stock versus flow

• 1980 sales = 1M bulbs

• Assume 1 year lifetime

• Normal distribution assumption

Energy saving potential:

Georgia

• How do we do it?

• Scenario analysis

– Baseline

– Policy options

Example outputs

• Increasing energy consumption over time (due to GLS/ halogens)

• Various policy scenarios show decreases due to phase out of

GLS/low efficiency halogens and uptake of LEDs

Energy saving potential:

Georgia

• Data inputs (for each technology)

– Stock/sales (units per annum)

– Usage (hrs per year)

– Lifespan (years)

– Average unit energy demand (W)

– Average price per unit (GEL)

• Discussion on data sources on Day 2

Example outputs

• Business as

usual (BAU)

• High uptake of

directional

halogens

• Ecodesign

impacts

• GLS phased

out by 2014

• LED market

share greater

than BAU

Cost benefit analysis

• What is it?

• How to do it?

Cost benefit analysis

• Direct vs indirect costs and benefits

• Proportionate approach

• Typical costs and benefits:

Type Direct impacts from Ecodesign Regulations

Cost Marginal product price

Benefit Value of energy saved

Benefit Value of CO2e emissions avoided

Benefit Value of improvements to air quality

Example outputs

• Assume

manufacturers

pass costs to

consumers

• Heat

replacement

effect

• Discounted

using 3.5% rate

(UK Govt.

requirements)

• CO2 and AQ

benefits use UK

Govt. provided

valuations.

Heat Replacement Effect

• Used for domestic settings

• More efficient light products = less waste

heat

• Heat system needs to top up due to

reduced waste heat

• Factors developed by UK’s Market

Transformation Programme

Sensitivity Analysis

• Used for data inputs with low confidence

• Allows creation of a range of outputs in

addition to a central value

• Ex. Potential energy savings of 5-10 GWh

per year instead of 6.78 GWh

Example outputs

• Simple illustration of sensitivity test of ‘use’ values and their

impact on energy savings.

0

50

100

150

200

250

201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030

GW

h

Year

Sensitivity test: Change usage inputs (+10%, -10%)

OCBA

OCBA maximum

OCBA minimum

We need your help to source data!

INOGATE Technical Secretariat

Thank you for listening

Any questions?

James Gardiner, Senior Technical Expert

Thomas Ramsson, Senior Technical Expert

James.Gardiner@icfi.com

Thomas.Ramsson@icfi.com

Visit web portal: www.inogate.org