Post on 19-Aug-2020
transcript
EOC Test Preparation: British North America
English Colonies
• New England Colonies
– MA
– NH
– RI
– CT
English Colonies
• Middle Colonies
– NY
– NJ
– PA
– DE
British Colonies
• Southern Colonies
– MD
– VA
– NC
– SC
– GA
Southern Colonies • Jamestown (1607)
– Joint-stock company, VA Company
– Wanted to make $$$ off of resources
– First few years were unsuccessful
– John Rolfe saved the colonies by discovering tobacco
• Headright system-fifty acres of land to those who would settle in the colony
Southern Colonies
• Economy – Tobacco became the big cash crop – Rice and indigo also brought wealth to the south – Staple crops and plantation system – Indentured servants
• Not slaves but not treated well
– Slaves
Southern Colonies
• Society
– Rich plantation owners (gentry), poor farmers, slaves
– Public education nonexistent, happened in the home
– Colonies were established for wealth, not religious reasons
New England Colonies
• Religious dissent was a strong draw to the New World
• Puritans
– Pure biblical teaching
– Plymouth, MA
• Pilgrims
– Mass. Bay Colony
– Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson helped form RI
New England Colonies
• Society
– Very religious, faith and government tied together
– Salem Witch Trials
– Public education and literacy
Middle Colonies
• Religiously tolerant
• Culturally diverse
• Economy
– Farming and trade
– Wheat, barley, rye
– Had big cities: New York, Phila., Baltimore
– Some slavery
Middle Colonies
• Society
– William Penn, PA, Quakers
– Friendly with Native Americans
– Lots of different cultures and religions
Colonial Government
• Salutary neglect
• Representative governments
• New England: – Mayflower Compact
• Established an elected legislature and that the gov. got its power from the people
– Fundamental Orders • Thomas Hooker, CT
• This document said gov. got its legitimacy from people and that there were limits to government power.
Minority Groups and the Colonies
• More freedom for colonial women than British women, but still 2nd class citizens
• African Americans arrived in Jamestown (1619)
• Attained freedom after a number of years, owned land, and even became the masters of indentured servants and slaves – Slavery eventually took over, depended on where
you lived
Magna Carta and Parliament
• Limited government is based on the rule of law
– Government and citizens are subject to the law
– Documented through a charter or constitution
• Magna Carta
– “Great Charter” lead to the creation of Parliament
– Listed the legal rights of the nobles and limited the king from creating unethical laws
Magna Carta and Parliament
• Parliament made up of House of Commons (elected officials), House of Lords (noblemen)
• English Bill of Rights
– Monarch could not interfere with Parliament elections or impose taxes without consent
• Common Law-set of laws that all must follow, regardless of wealth or status.
Legacy of the Enlightenment
• 1600s: reason, philosophy, thought – Lots of shifts in equality and
government
• John Locke-people born with natural rights that a government cannot take away – Also taught that if a ruler was unjust,
the people did not have to submit to their will • Social contract theory
Self-Government in the Colonies • England had representative government
(enforced by Enlightenment)
– Colonists thought they should have it too
• Salutary neglect
• House of Burgesses-VA, first representative gov.
– One house elected by people
– One house appointed by royal governor
Self-Government in the Colonies
• Colonial legislatures
– Created and passed laws
– Determined how taxes would be raised
– Set salaries of royal officials
– Caused tension between themselves and governor