Post on 25-Feb-2016
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FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 2
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Chem review
Chemical bonding (its all about the electrons)
water and polarity (like dissolves like)
pH - acids and bases (7 is neutral)
organic chemistry (4 bonds on every carbon)
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Chemical Building Blocks Atoms- smallest functional unit of matter
Elements/Isotopes (dif #s of neutrons)
Molecules - covalently bonded atoms
Compounds - mixed bonded atoms
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Atomic Structure Proton +charge
Neutron 0
Electron -
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Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
Atomic Weight
Moles
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Chemical Bonds — Ionic
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Chemical Bonds — Covalent
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Chemical Bonds — Hydrogen
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Chemical Reactions
Catabolic - break down (usually gives off energy)
Anabolic - build up (usually requires energy)
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Important Biological Molecules Water
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Important Biological Molecules
Solutions/Colloids Acids/Bases
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Organic Molecules — Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Polysaccharides
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Organic Molecules — Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Polysaccharides
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Organic Molecules — Lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols
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Organic Molecules — Lipids
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Organic Molecules — Proteins
Amino Acids
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Protein Structure
Primary Secondary Tertiary
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Protein Structure (cont.)
Quaternary
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Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
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Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
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Organic Molecules — Nucleic Acids Polymer structure
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Functional groups Alcohol -OH
Ether R-O-R
Ester Ketone
Aldehyde
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3 Carbon molecules
1-propanol 2-propanolOH CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3
OHAlcohols
EthersCH3 O CH2 CH3
Ethyl methyl ether
O
CCH2OH
CH3
Propanoic acid
EstersCH3O
O
CH3 CMethyl ethanoate
CH2O
O
CH CH3Ethyl methanoate
Acids
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3 Carbon moleculesAldehydes
Amines
Ketones
CH2 CH
O
CH3 CH3 C CH3
O
propanal 2-propanone
N
CH3
CH3 CH3CH3 NHCH2 CH3
CH3 CH2CH2 NH2propylamine
ethylmethylaminetrimethylamine
Amides
CH3CH2C
O
NH2
propanamideCHCH3 NH2
CH3isopropylamine
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2 Carbon moleculesAlcohols Ethers
EstersAcidsCH3CH2
OHethanol CH3 O CH3
dimethyl ether
CH3 C
O
OHethanoic acid
CH
O
O CH3methyl methanoate
CH3 C
O
H
Aldehydesethanal No ketones are possible (3
C minimum)
Ketones
CH3NHCH3
NH2CH2CH3
Amines
NH2CCH3
OAmidesdimethylamine
ethylamineethanamide
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4C carboxylic acids
butanoic acid
isobutanoic acid,2-methylpropanoic acid
CH2CH2CH3 C
O
OH
CHCH3 C
O
OHCH3
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Chemistry and Microbiology
Charges on Molecule/ pHPolarity of
Molecule/HydrophobicityRedOx/electron transfer
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Change in pH effects charges
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Like dissolves Like Nonpolar molecules
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How Soap Works
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ReDox (Reduction Oxidation)
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ReDox (Reduction Oxidation)